Kwiinkonzo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo ehlabathini, enye yezona zibalaseleyo yiBuddhism, kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ngazo zonke iiRites of Buddhism, ngoko ungaphoswa kukwazi.
Izithethe zobuBhuda
Izithethe okanye imisitho zizenzo ezenziwa iminyaka emininzi ngaphandle kokubandezeleka kwantlukwano kwinkcubeko okanye inkolo yabo, kwiBuddhism ziyimfundiso yefilosofi kunye neyomoya eyasasazwa nguBuddha. Amasiko kunye nemibhiyozo yabo yenzelwe ukukhumbula amaxesha athile okwaluka, ukufa, unyaka omtsha, njl.
Ziziphi iiRites of Buddhism?
UbuBhuda bungaphezu konqulo, kuba butyebe kakhulu kwiinkolelo ezahlukeneyo, izithethe, izenzo, imibhiyozo nemisitho ebalaseleyo. Uninzi lweemfundiso ezinikezelwa nguBuddha zihlonitshwa kwaye zikhunjulwa kula masiko amaBhuda. Njengenkolo, ubuBhuda busisityebi kakhulu, bungaqhelekanga kwaye buzele ziimfihlakalo ezininzi, intanda-bulumko yabo iyamangalisa kuba ikufundisa ukuphila ubomi.
Umseki wobuBhuda wayebizwa ngokuba nguSiddharta Gautama, okwabizwa ngokuba nguSakyamuni ekubeni wayesengumfana ongowesizwe samaSakya, wazalelwa eKapilavastu, unyaka wakhe wokuzalwa nokufa ungaziwa, yena ngokwakhe wathatha igama likaBuddha, owazalelwa eKapilavastu. uthetha Lowo Ukhanyiselweyo okanye oVusayo, waza waqalisa ukushumayela iimfundiso zakhe eVaranasi nakuMntla-mpuma weIndiya.
UBuddha
USiddhartha Gautama wayephila phakathi kwenkulungwane yesi-40 neyesi-XNUMX ngaphambi kukaKristu, owayenemvelaphi yobuxhwarha, waba yiyogi, indoda yegqirha, isithandi sobulumko nesilumko, yaye ngeemfundiso zakhe waseka ubuBhuda, iimfundiso zakhe zadluliselwa kumntla-ntshona weIndiya ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-XNUMX. , ezazisekelwe ekubandezelekeni nakwindlela yokuphelisa ukuze kufikelelwe eNirvana.
Ekuqaleni, wayeyinxalenye yentsapho yezihandiba, ubomi awabuncamayo ukuze abe ngumngqibi, yaye emva kokucamngca nokuhlala ephila ubomi bokuzibandeza ulonwabo, wakwazi ukufumana ukuzalwa ngokutsha ngokomoya. Kukholelwa ukuba unina wafa xa ezalwa, igama lakhe elithi Siddhartha lithetha "lowo ufeza injongo yakhe".
Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali abaninzi, yayiyi-hermit egama lingu-Asita, owahlalutya amanqaku angama-32 omntwana kwaye waxela kwangaphambili ukuba unokuba ngukumkani omkhulu okanye indoda engcwele, le ngxelo yayiza kuphinda iphindwe kwakhona ngabaphengululi abahlukeneyo, kamva uKaundinya uBrahmin oselula. nguye owaxela kwangaphambili ukuba uya kuba nguBuddha.
Abantu bokuqala ababhala ngoGautanma benza oko njengendoda efuna usukelo lokomoya, eyathi ngenxa yalo yazibandeza okanye iSramana, emva kokuphoxeka kubomi bamarhamente. Kodwa ii-biographies eziye zaphuma kamva ziseka imbono yedrama engakumbi ekwenzeni esi sigqibo, ukuba ngumngqibi onqabileyo. Ezona ngxelo zindala zaziwayo zolu bizo lokomoya nguGautama zafunyanwa kwi-Ariyapariyesaná-sutta okanye kwiNtetho kwiNoble Quest.
Apho bachaza ukuba ukulahla kwakhe amalungelo athile kwakungenxa yokuba wayecinga ngokwaluphala, ukugula nokufa, yaye ecinga ukuba bonke babeza kusaba, nto leyo awayibiza ngokuba yiNirvana. Uthe akuhamba, uyise nonina wesibini bakhala ngokungathuthuzelekiyo ngenxa yesi sigqibo. USiddhartha wayehlala njengenkosana de kube ngumnyaka we-29 ubudala eKapilavastu de waba nesiganeko sokuhlangana okune, apho wabona ukuba ngobutyebi kunye nempahla yezinto eziphathekayo kwakungekho nto ayifunayo ebomini bakhe.
Isiganeko sokuhlangana kwezine senzeka ngenye imini xa ephuma kwibhotwe lakhe ukuze abone ukuba baphila njani izifundo, kwaye endleleni wadibana nendoda endala kakhulu, indoda egulayo, isidumbu kunye ne-ascetic. Ezi ndibano zamkhokelela kuxinzelelo olukhulu, ngoko ke wayefuna ukoyisa ukwaluphala, ukugula nokufa, abe ngumntu othanda ukonwaba.
Waphuma ekhwele ihashe waza waqalisa ukuphila njengomngqibi. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, waqala ukucamngca ngeyoga kunye noMfundisi uArada Kalama, kamva wahamba noMfundisi Udaka Ramaputa, awathi naye wafumana imimandla yokuqonda awayibiza ngokuba yingqibelelo okanye ukungaboni ngasonye.
Kuzo zonke ezi mfundiso wayehlala engonelisekanga kwaye waya kwezinye iindawo ukuze afune ulwazi olutsha, ebomini be-ascetics, ukutya ubuncinci bokutya kunye nokulawula ukuphefumla kwakhe. Xa ecamngca wabona umfanekiso kayise ekwintsimi elinyiweyo waza wambona ukuba wonwabile. Apho ufumanisa i-abstract yokucamngca awayibiza ngokuba nguDhyana kwaye wayesazi ukuba le yayiyeyona ndlela yokwenyani yokuvuka kwaye hayi ubomi obunqabileyo obugqithileyo awayebuphila.
Ngoko wayecinga ukuba kukho indlela ephakathi, ephakathi, engazange isuke kwi-hedonism okanye i-opulence ukuya kwi-mortification, wayibiza le ndlela ephakathi "Indlela eNqabileyo yesibhozo". Ngobusuku benyanga egcweleyo uhleli phantsi komkhiwane okanye Bhodi, apho wayesithi akazuvuka de afumane inyaniso, abanye babalandeli bakhe bamlahla kuba becinga ukuba uyilahlile into awayeyifuna.
Wachitha iiveki phantsi komthi, wachitha iintsuku ezingama-49 apho kwaye wayesele eneminyaka engama-39 ubudala, akufika kwindawo endiyibiza ngokuthi ukuvuswa okanye uBodi, kwaye yindlela awayeziva ngayo ukuba uzikhulule ngokupheleleyo. Esi siganeko senzeka kwinyanga yesihlanu yekhalenda yenyanga, ukususela ngoko kuxa waqalisa ukubizwa ngokuba nguBuddha okanye ovusiweyo, ekunokuguqulelwa kwakhona njengokhanyiselweyo.
Ngokutsho kwemibhalo emidala kakhulu, xa ubani esiba nguBuddha kungenxa yokuba umntu uye wazuza ulwazi oluthathu oluphakamileyo: ukukhumbula ubomi bangaphambili awayenabo, ukuba neliso lobuthixo elimvumelayo ukuba azi ikamva lekarmic nangenxa yokuba uye wasusa yonke into engqondweni yakhe. izinto ezikunxilisayo. Xa evuka uyayiqonda into ebangela ukubandezeleka yaye uyayazi indlela ekunokupheliswa ngayo.
Oku kuqonda kwaziwa ngokuba ziinyaniso ezine ezibekekileyo, xa zaziwa yaye ziqondwa kakuhle, imeko ephakamileyo yenkululeko eyaziwa ngokuba yiNirvana iyafikelelwa, ibe wayesazi ukuba bonke abantu banokufikelela kuyo. KuBuddha, iNirvana yayifumana uxolo lwengqondo olugqibeleleyo apho ubani ekhululekile ekungazi, ukubawa, intiyo nayo nayiphi na enye imeko yentlungu echaphazela ingqondo.
Emva kokuvuka kwakhe waqalisa ukuba nabafundi awabafundisa lonke ulwazi lwakhe, ngaloo ndlela eseka ibutho lamaBhuda. Kangangeminyaka engama-45 eyongezelelekileyo uBuddha wahamba kulo lonke ithafa laseGanges, ekunye nesangha yakhe, efundisa bonke abantu ukusuka kwitshayela ukuya kwizidwangube, ababulali abafana noAngulimala kunye neCannibal Alavaka, wayefumana inkxaso yookumkani abanjengoKosala noMagadha. Kwiminyaka kamva noyise waguqukela kubuBhuda.
Ukungena kwabasetyhini kumyalelo kaBuddha, kwaba nengxoxo encinci, ekubeni umfazi wokuqala owafuna ukulandela i-sangha wayengunina kaBuddha, uMahaprajapati Gautami, kodwa uyaliwa, yena kunye nabanye abafazi balandela uBuddha ekuhambeni kwakhe kwaye baphela. Ukucheba iinwele zabo kwaye banxibe imiwunduzo, de kube yiminyaka emihlanu kamva uBuddha wavuma ukumiselwa koonongendi abangamabhinqa, ekubeni wayecinga ukuba amadoda namabhinqa anokuba namandla afanayo okufikelela ekuvukeni, nangona kufuneka alandele imigaqo esi-8 eyongezelelweyo ebizwa ngokuba yigurudharmas.
Emva kweminyaka engama-20 yokufundisa wakwazi ukuzinza okanye ukuzinza eSravasti, ikomkhulu loBukumkani baseKosala, apho wayeza kuchitha iminyaka yakhe yokugqibela, i-sangha yaqhubeka ikhula, ngoko ke imithetho yayiza kuqulunqwa nguBuddha ngokwakhe. ezi zazibhalwe phantsi kwiPratimoska yaye zazicengcelezwa rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini luluntu. Kwi-Pratimoskas yonke imimiselo okanye imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ngokubanzi imiselwe, imigaqo yokukhokela ubomi kwi-monastery, ithwele izitya kunye neengubo.
U-Buddha waqhubeka ebudala kodwa akazange ayeke ukufundisa, wayesele eqala ukuba neentlungu zomqolo, kwaye waqala ukunikezela iimfundiso zakhe kubafundi abaliqela, ukuze aphumle, kodwa umzala kunye nomfundi ogama lakhe linguDevadatta wayefuna ukuthatha ubunkokeli. weSangha, engakwazi ukwenza njalo, uyahlukana nayo kunye neqela labalandeli kwaye enze umyalelo wakhe.
UBuddha osele ekhulile nogulayo ugqiba kwelokuba akanako ukukhuthaza umntu oza kungena ezihlangwini zesangha, kodwa ukuba bonke bafanele baphile ubomi njengeziqithi zabo, ukuze babe ziindawo zabo zokusabela. Mhlawumbi ubulawa sisifo sentliziyo kwimesentery eqhelekileyo yabantu abadala. Umfundi wakhe wokugqibela oqalwe ngokulandelelana kwakhe yayinguSubhadda. Emva kokufa kwakhe wahlonitshwa ngeentyantyambo, umculo kunye namakha, umzimba wakhe watshiswa, amathambo akhe agcinwe njengezinto ezifihliweyo kwaye asasazwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseIndiya.
Kwabaninzi beembali-mlando kunye nabantu abanomdla kuBuddha, ukuqonda i-karma kunye nokuzalwa kwakhona yinxalenye yobomi ngokwayo, uBuddha wachaza ukuba ukufa nokuzalwa kwakhona (i-samsara) yinxalenye ye-Dukkha kwaye injongo ephambili kukukhulula umjikelo. I-Karma yayiluhlobo lwenjongo yengqondo, apho zonke iingcamango, amazwi kunye nezenzo zivela kwixabiso lokuziphatha, elilungileyo okanye elibi kwaye emva kwabo bonke kukho injongo.
Sonke isenzo se-karmic esinaso kobu bomi sichaphazela ukuzalwa ngokutsha ngendlela elungileyo okanye embi, yiyo loo nto ndidwelisa uninzi lwezizathu ezikhokelela kwiintlungu kunye nolonwabo, olunokuba ngumzimba okanye lokusingqongileyo kunye nekarma.
- UBuddha ufundisa injongo egqwesileyo yokuba umntu oqhelekileyo unokufikelela kulonwabo lwehlabathi.
- Umntu olilungu uziphatha ngobudlelwane obusisiseko obuthandathu: abazali nabantwana, abafundisi-ntsapho nabafundi, umyeni nenkosikazi, izihlobo nabahlobo, abaqeshi nabasebenzi, amarhamente kunye nezikhokelo zenkolo.
- UBuddha ufundisa ukuba kukho iintlobo ezimbini zolonwabo, ezibonakalayo ebomini kwaye zifezwa ngomzamo oqhubekayo, ukhuseleko, abahlobo abalungileyo kunye nobomi obulungeleleneyo; nolonwabo kubomi basemva kokufa oluzuzwa ngokholo, uqeqesho lokuziphatha, imimiselo, isisa nobulumko.
- UBuddha wathi ukuze ukuzalwa kwakhona kube yimfuneko ukuhlakulela i-karma enempilo okanye i-kusala kwaye ugweme i-karma engalunganga okanye i-akusala. Kwi-karma elungileyo kufuneka kwenziwe izinto ezintathu, ezizizipho, uqeqesho lokuziphatha kunye nokucamngca.
- Ukukhula kwengqondo kubalulekile ukufezekisa umendo womoya kunye nezenzo zokucamngca kufuneka zibandakanywe kule nto.
- UBuddha ufundisa ukuba ubani umele acamngce ngeengozi zokuzonwabisa ngokwesini, ekubeni ezi ziyimvelaphi yeengxabano ebantwini.
- Ulonwabo lunokuzuzwa ngaphandle kolonwabo lwenyama kunye nolonwabo lokomoya oluphezulu.
- I-Dhyana yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokucamngca kwiimfundiso zikaBuddha, xa siqeqesha nge-dhyana zonke iimvo zoluvo zinokurhoxiswa ukuze sifezekise imeko egqibeleleyo yokulingana kunye nokuqonda.
Ubizwa ngokuba nguBuddha kuba oku kuthetha ovusiweyo. Wakwazi ukutyhutyha ithafa laseGanges, edlulisela iimfundiso zakhe kwaye esenza ibutho lakhe elitsha apho amadoda nabafazi babenokuqukwa khona, uninzi lwabo lwaba ziimonki ngoxa abanye behlala njengamarhamente.
Kwiimfundiso zakhe wayefuna indawo ephakathi phakathi kolonwabo lwenkanuko nokuzithiba ngokungqongqo. Ekufuneni indlela yakhe yokomoya kufuneka kwenziwe iindlela ezithile zokuziphatha kunye nokucamngca kunye noqeqesho kwaye wayesoloko echasene nezenzo zababingeleli zokubulala izilwanyana ukwenza imibingelelo. Zonke iimfundiso zakhe zahlanganiswa xa wayesifa, kuquka iintetho zakhe okanye iiSutras kunye neekhowudi zeemonki okanye iiVinayas, emva koko zasasazwa ngeelwimi zePracritic, kwaye zasasazeka kulo lonke elaseIndiya.
Iintlobo zeRites of Buddhism
Kuyaziwa ukuba ubuBhuda bazalelwa eIndiya phakathi kwenkulungwane yesi-7 neyesine ngaphambi kweXesha lethu Eliqhelekileyo, baza basasazeka kwiindawo ezininzi zaseAsia, kangangokuba namhlanje yinkolo yesine enabalandeli abaninzi kwihlabathi liphela. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nesi-500 ekhulwini sabemi besi sijikelezi-langa baqhelisela ubuBhuda, oko kukuthi, sithetha ngabantu abazizigidi ezingama-XNUMX.
Ngaphezulu kwenkolo, yintanda-bulumko yobomi, ekubeni ikwazi ukufikelela kwiindawo ezibuthathaka zabantu, ukuze bakwazi ukuboyisa baze bomelele ngokucamngca, ukuze bafikelele kubulumko obuphakamileyo. Inoluhlu lwemithetho ekufuneka wonke umntu ayenze kwaye ayilandele ukuze abe nomphefumlo ococekileyo, alandele imithambo yokomoya ebenza babone, bamkele kwaye batshintshe iimpazamo zabo.
Zonke izithethe zobuBhuda zenziwa ukukhuthaza indlela yokuqaphela amandla omntu ngamnye kwaye bafikelele kubulumko. Ngenxa yoku kufuneka balawule ukufikelela kwiNirvana, eyindlela yokukhulula iminqweno, ukufikelela kwingqondo yomntu kunye nokufezekisa ukuvela ngokutsha. UbuBhuda bohlulwe ngokwala masebe alandelayo:
- Theravada: Kwakhona kuthiwa iSikole saBadala, saqala eSri Lanka kwaye sesinye samasebe alondolozayo ngokweemfundiso okanye i-Dhamma kunye ne-monastic discipline. Imfundiso yakhe igxile kwimixholo yeNikayas yePali Canon.
- Mahayana: Ekwabizwa ngokuba yiNdlela Enkulu, eli sebe livuleleke ngakumbi njengoko liyamkela ezinye iitekisi kunye neemfundiso njengoko lingekho embindini okanye elingqongqo.
- vajrayana: kufana nesihlomelo sangaphambili, kuyo ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenza kweendlela ezahlukeneyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Upaya zenziwe, eziziqhelo ze-esotericism, i-mantras, i-dharanis, i-mudras, i-mandalas, njl.
Kwisebe ngalinye amasiko anokwahluka, ekubeni ngamnye wabo unemibono neenkolelo ezahlukeneyo malunga nendlela isithethe ngasinye esimele senziwe ngayo. Iinkolelo zabo zisekelwe kuzo zonke iimfundiso zikaBuddha, owathi nangona engagqalwa njengothixo, ungoyena mntu uphambili onqulwa ngawo onke amaBhuda, iimonki namarhamente, yaye onke amaqela akholelwa kuye. UbuBhuda bugxile kwimiba emithathu esisiseko:
ukuzinikela: oku kubonisa ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na into ukuzinikezela ukuba ube ngophakamileyo, ukuyenza loo nto umntu kufuneka abe nokuzinikela, ukugqithisela kwaye ngaphezu kwayo yonke into yothando. Eyokuqala ibhekisela kwinto yokuba umntu kufuneka ahlale egxininisekile kwaye agxininise ekuzibopheleleni kwakhe ekuziguquleni ngokomoya ngomsebenzi wemihla ngemihla, omele uqine, ukhuselekile kwaye ukhululekile.
I-Transcendence ibhekisela kwiimo zengqondo ekufuneka zithathwe ebomini kunye nokuguqulwa kwezinto eziphambili ukuze ziqhubele phambili kwaye zifezekise umbono obanzi wendalo yonke kwiinkxalabo zemihla ngemihla kunye nokukwazi ukuzithatha kuzo zonke iinkalo zentlalo, ezopolitiko kunye nezopolitiko. kokusingqongileyo.
Into yesithathu eluthando, icinga ukuba le yeyona nto idibanisa ukuzibophelela kunye nokugqithisela, kungenxa yothando ukuba isiqabu sinokuviwa xa sijongene nokubandezeleka, ngoko ke ukuzinikela kufuneka kwenziwe ngothando kuba ikhuthaza ukuziqhelanisa kwaye idibanisa indlela. apho intliziyo ivula kwaye indlela yeBodhisattva okanye uBuddha iqala.
Ukucamngca: ngokwenza umkhuba wokucamngca unokufikelela kwinjongo yokufunxa ulwazi kunye nokugxininiswa kwengqondo, apha ukucamngca kwenziwa ukufezekisa ubulumko kunye namandla engqondo.
Uvavanyo: Kweli nqanaba malunga nokuqhuba imisebenzi kunye nezithethe ezikhoyo kwiBuddhism, kwaye ube yinxalenye nganye yazo ngendlela esebenzayo ukufezekisa oko ufuna.
Ngokuba neentsuku ezininzi ezijongwa njengezikhethekileyo apha enyakeni, amasiko aya kuhlala ebhiyozelwa ngolonwabo ngokubanzi nalapho bonke abantu besiya kwiitempile zasekuhlaleni, uninzi lwamaBhuda lusebenzisa ikhalenda yeLunar kwimibhiyozo yabo, yiyo loo nto ingafani kumazwe ngamazwe. , amaJapan ngokuqhelekileyo asebenzisa ikhalenda yelanga.
Amasiko eNkolo yamaBhuda
Ezi zahlulwa ngokwemisebenzi okanye izenzo ezahlukahlukeneyo ekufuneka zenziwe ngamaBhuda, ezisekelwe kwiinkolelo nakunqulo lwawo. UbuBhuda bunomdla kuba butyebile kwizithethe zabo, buvumela bonke abalandeli babo ukuba babone ngamandla ukuze bafezekise injongo yabo, ebubulumko.
UbuBhuda abubonakalisi njengenkolo kodwa njengefilosofi efuna kuphela ukufumana ubuthathaka bomntu kwaye imenze abe namandla ngokwenza ukucamngca nokufuna ubulumko obuphezulu. Kungenxa yale ngcamango ukuba banemithetho emininzi kunye nezithethe ezivumela umntu ukuba ahlambulule umphefumlo wakhe, alandele indlela yamaBhuda yokuhlanjululwa ngokomoya kunye nokukhanya, okuthe ekuhambeni kwexesha kukuvumela ukuba zonke ziqondwe ngendlela ethe ngqo kunye neyomntu. ukuba abantu benze kwaye bafezekise inguqu yabo epheleleyo.
Zonke izithethe zilandela injongo enye kwaye kukuba umntu ufikelela ekuqondeni amandla abo okufikelela kubulumko, yingakho befuna ukufezekisa ukukhululwa kweminqweno, ukufezekisa ukuqonda komntu kunye nokuzalwa kwakhona, ukuze bafikelele kwi-Nirvana. Kwezi zithethe zibalulekileyo sinokufumana:
ii-genuflections
Yindlela ubani ahlonela ngayo aze anqule ngayo, sisithethe esiqhutywa ziimonki nabo bonke abo baqhelisela ubuBhuda ukuze bahlonele uBuddha, oko kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini:
- Eyokuqala yenza umngcelele, apho umntu kufuneka ayeke kwaye enze ukuphindaphinda kwe "On Mani Padme Hum", okuyi-mantra yendalo yonke, ukwenza oko izandla zibekwe ndawonye kwinqanaba lesifuba, eziphakanyiswayo ukuze zibekwe. phezulu kwentloko kwaye emva koko uthathe inyathelo eliya phambili. Emva koko izandla zithotywa ebusweni, elinye inyathelo eliya phambili lithathwa, emva koko sizisa izandla esifubeni kwaye isinyathelo sesithathu sithathwa. Kamva sihlula izandla kwaye sithobe umzimba ukuya emhlabeni kwaye emadolweni ethu siqala ukwandisa umzimba wonke de ibunzi lethu lithintele emhlabeni, le ntshukumo iphinda iphindwe kaninzi.
- Indlela yesibini kukwandlala umzimba emethini phantsi, ngaphakathi kwikhaya leemonki okanye kwindawo engcwele, kwaye wenze iintshukumo zokumatsha kodwa kwindawo enye. Olu hlobo lwesibini lwenziwa ngabo bazibophelelayo, abo bacela ukukhuselwa, ulonwabo okanye ukususa ukubandezeleka okuthile. Ngesi siko umoya unokuhlakulwa ngokwenza ishumi lamawaka eentlonipho apho umzimba uchukumisa umhlaba kwaye iinyawo ezingenanto zigcinwe, njengophawu lwentlonipho.
Ivili lomthandazo
Yaziwa ngakumbi njengevili lomthandazo, yi-cylinder ekwi-axis, eyenziwe ngamaplanga kunye nobhedu, njengevili lenqwelo, ngaphandle ine-mantra ye-Om Mani Padme Hum, kwaye ngaphakathi kwayo yindawo. iphepha neminye imithandazo okanye iimantras.
Eli vili lijikeleziswa kwaye oku kunexabiso elikhulu kuba kamva kufuneka ucengceleze imithandazo okanye iimantras. Okukhona iguqukayo, kokukhona kufuneka kucengcelezwe imithandazo, oku kubavumela ukuba babe nobulumko obuninzi kwaye kwinkqubo icocwa karma. Kwiitempile zamaBhuda unokufumana amavili omthandazo amaninzi, kukho amanye anamawaka awo.
iminikelo yomlilo
Ziyaziwa njengeJoma, iJomam okanye iJavan, kwaye ziyizithethe eziqhutyelwa kwiqela labantu kunye nomlilo ongcwalisiweyo. Oku kusekelwe ekwenzeni amadini omlilo, sisithethe samawaka eminyaka apho kwamanye amasebe abaluleke kakhulu. Xa eli rite lenziwe, iiSutras ezihambelanayo kufuneka zicengcelezwe.
inkululeko yezilwanyana
Oku kwenziwa kwiindawo ezikufutshane neetempile zamaBhuda zaseTibet kwaye izilwanyana ezikhutshwayo ziiYaks kunye neegusha. Banokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo, emva kokuba behonjiswe ngemisonto yesilika eyahlukahlukeneyo esusela kwimibala emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu eyahlukahlukeneyo, kwakunye neeribhoni zelaphu elibomvu.
Zinikelwa njengezipho kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo kaBuddha neNtaba engcwele, ngaphandle kokonakalisa izithuba, akukho mntu unokwenzakala okanye enze imibingelelo, ekubeni izilwanyana zimele zife ngokwemvelo.
amatye amandongomane
Olu luluhlu lwamatye abekwe kwiinduli ngaphandle komyalelo okanye isakhiwo esithile, njengoko zibekwe ecaleni kweendlela, imilambo okanye kwiidolophu ezisemaphandleni nakwiidolophana. Sinokuzifumana kwiindawo ezingcwele nakwizitrato zaseTibet, apho amatye nawo akrolwe ngeeSutras ezahlukeneyo.
Isiko kukuba xa umBuddha okanye ugqirha edlula, kufuneka ashiye ilitye kwimfumba kwaye athi iSutra. Lo ngumkhuba oye waqhuba kangangamawaka eminyaka, ngoko sele kukho iimfumba zamatye aziindonga, kwaye sizifumana zikufuphi kakhulu nezindlu zoonongendi kunye neenyawo zabantu basentabeni. Olona lwazi lubalaseleyo ngolwandiso lwalo ludonga lweJiana, olusele luziimitha ezi-4 ukuphakama, iimitha ezingama-300 ubude nangaphezulu kwama-80 ububanzi, unokulufumana kwidolophu yaseXinzhai Village kwiSithibe saseTibetan saseYushu (eTshayina).
ihashe lomoya
Ngolwimi lwabo baziwa ngokuba nguLung Ta kwaye baziziflegi zomthandazo, iingcali zeBuddhism ziyibiza ngokuba luphawu lwesiphelo somntu kunye nezinto ezintlanu zendalo. Igama layo livela kumoya kunye nehashe, yindlela indalo esebenza ngayo njengesithuthi. Ihashe linokuthutha yonke into ebonakalayo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye umoya ungokoqobo, ngoko ke imithandazo eyenziwayo iya kuqhutywa ngumoya.
Iiflegi zenziwe ngendlela yoxande, mhlawumbi ngelaphu okanye ephepheni kwaye zilungelelaniswe ngokwamaqela kunye nemibala, etolika i-cosmogony yaseTibet, inokuba nemizobo efana nezilwanyana eziyimbonakaliso yezinto ezintlanu: isinyithi, iinkuni, amanzi, umlilo kunye nomhlaba. Ezi zineodolo ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene kunye nendlela ethile yokuzibeka:
- Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onxulumene kwaye ufuzisela isibhakabhaka kunye nendawo
- Umbala omhlophe ufuzisela umoya nomoya
- Umbala obomvu ongumlilo
- Umbala oluhlaza onamanzi
- Umbala otyheli omele umhlaba.
Kufuneka zixhonywe kumgca wediagonal ukusuka kwindawo ephezulu ukuya kweyona isezantsi kwaye zibotshelelwe embindini wezinto ezimbini. Ziyakwazi ukubonwa kwiitempile, i-stupas, iintaba kunye neemonki.
Mo
Esi siko kukwenza imibuzo ngokusetyenziswa kwedayisi, umntu obaphosayo okanye umfundisi-ntsapho kufuneka aqale enze umnxeba kwisithixo sakhe sokufundisa (okuya kuba yingelosi yakhe yomgcini kumaKatolika) kwaye uphonsa idayisi yaseTibetan, kuxhomekeke kwinto ephumayo, kwenziwa utoliko oluziimpendulo kwimibuzo abuzwayo loo mntu.
Ezi zenziwe ngamadayisi amabini kunye nomzobo weTibetan obonakala ngathi i-mandala, kuyo kukho iimpawu ezisibhozo, apho idayisi ivunyelwe ukuwa. Inombolo ephumayo ithathwa kwi-syllable ye-diagram ye-Tibetan kunye nesimboli sayo.
ujikela ekunene
Esi sithethe soBuddhism senziwa ngabantu ukuze bagule, bathintele iintlekele okanye iintlekele ukuba zenzeke, kwaye kunye nabo ukufaneleka kuyenziwa kwaye kuhlanganiswe. Yenziwa kwiimonki, kwaye yenziwe ngeentshukumo ezininzi ezenziwa ngaxeshanye. Umntu kufuneka acengceleze ii-sutras ngelixa ejikeleza amavili omthandazo kwaye ejikeleza umfanekiso oqingqiweyo, ehlala ejikeleza ngasekunene, oko kukuthi, ngasekunene.
Ukuhlanjululwa kunye neYamantaka
Ngegama likaYamantaka, uBuddha waziwa ngokuba ngumoyisi wokufa, lowo unako ukususa nokususa nantoni na ebuhlungu. Isithethe senziwa ngumLama obiza uBuddha kwaye enze isithethe sokucoca amandla ngokusebenzisa iintsiba zepikoko kunye nemifuno eyaziwa ngokuba yiKusha. Ekucoceni, ukusetyenziswa kwenziwa ngezinto ezine: amanzi, umoya, umhlaba kunye nomlilo, iqala ngokucoca umlomo emva koko intsimi yamandla, ukuyitywina kwaye isebenze ukuba ibe nokhuseleko kwixesha elizayo.
Olu qheliselo luye lwaba luqhelekileyo ukusetyenziswa ukususela ekubeni abantu belawula ukuphuma kwizifo zomzimba kunye nokudandatheka, okuqinisekisiweyo.
UBautizo
Kwenziwa ukucoca nokucoca ingqondo, kwaye zenziwa amaxesha amaninzi njengoko imonki ifuna ukufunda inqanaba elitsha lemfihlo ye-esoteric. Iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumfundisi-ntsapho owenza ubhaptizo, eyona nto yaziwayo yileyo ibonwa yimandala, iphethe ibhotile ngesandla. Ngelixa kusenziwa oku umntu kufuneka abone okanye acinge iidragoni ezine zizalisa iibhotile ezine ngamanzi aphuma emlonyeni, aze agalelwe entloko yomfundi. Kuye kufunwa ukuba ababhaptiziweyo babe namandla obuBhuda nokuba ingqondo yabo ihlanjululwe.
Ukuvalelwa
Ngesi siko kunokwenzeka ukuqonda ubuBhuda, kodwa naluphi na unxibelelwano kunye nobudlelwane kunye nehlabathi langaphandle kufuneka lisuswe, umntu osebenza kwiBuddhism kufuneka acengceleze i-mantras, ezi zenziwe ngezigaba ezihluka ngexesha, ezinye zinokuba iintsuku kodwa kukho ezinye. oko kuthatha iminyaka, kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha awukwazi ukushiya ikhaya loonongendi. Ngalo msebenzi umntu uyahlakulwa, ufumana ukuqonda okukhulu kunye nobulumko, kodwa akwenziwa kanye kuphela ebomini kodwa amaxesha amaninzi.
Esi sithethe sesinye sezo ziyinxalenye yemfihlo ye-esoteric yobuBhuda, xa ugqirha ezivalele akasenalo unxibelelwano naye nawuphi na umntu, ukutya kuziswa emnyango womqolomba, ngumgcini wendawo ebiyelweyo, ngubani kufuneka igade ingcali ngalo lonke ixesha.
lasuosuo
Eli ligama elisetyenziswa ngamaTibet xa behamba ezintabeni okanye kwiintlambo ezingcwele, intsingiselo yalo kukuba uThixo woyisile. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuvela kwilifa elishiywe ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ngabo benza amadini kwaba thixo. Ngeentaba nezo zemfazwe.
Intliziyo yeSutra Puja
Eli siko lifuna ukufumana iintsikelelo zikaBuddha, lisiko elibukhali nelide elingaphezu kweyure. Kuyo, umculo ongcwele kufuneka uculwe kwaye udlale iigubhu, ngelixa uthandaza kwaye ucengceleza i-mantra ye-Heart Sutra.
Le mantra okanye i-Heart Sutra ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Essence of Wisdom Sutra, kwaye ibhaliwe kwinkolo yobuBuddha, isetyenziswa kwisikolo saseMahayana, ineevesi ezilishumi elinesine ezikulwimi lwesiSanskrit okanye iShlokas, kwaye kufuneka ibandakanye i-mantra. efundwa kuzo zonke izikolo zaseMahayana, ezibizwa ngokuba yiDevanagari, ibhalwe ngolu hlobo:
गते गते पारगते पारसंगते बोधि स्वाहा
Intsingiselo yalo kukuya phezulu, vuka, makube njalo.
umdaniso wonqulo
Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ubugcisa: umculo, umdaniso kunye nethiyetha ziye zasebenza ekusasazeni inkcubeko, ukuyisasaza nokugcina amasiko kunye nenkolo iphila kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.
Kwimizi yoonongendi emininzi efumaneka eTibet, kwenziwa imidaniso yesithethe, eyenziwa ngeentsuku ezibalulekileyo nezinexabiso elikhulu kubuBhuda. Babalisa amabali kaBuddha, iBodhisattvas okanye izidalwa ezingcwele, iintsikelelo zeendawo, imini okanye unyaka, ukucoca nokususa amandla karmic.
Ekupheleni konyaka uninzi lwale midaniso yenkolo iyabanjwa, kwiimonki nakwizixeko, iimonki zihlala zinxiba kwaye zinxibe imaski ukuhlonipha iiYaks ezithathwa njengoothixo, kwaye zilandele umngcelele wazo ojikeleze ikhaya leemonki. Ngazo basusa okanye bagxothe imimoya emibi eshiywe ngunyaka ophelayo ukuze unyaka olandelayo ufunyenwe sele uhlanjululwe kwaye ucocekile.
Khaw Pansa kunye no-Ok Pansa
Esi sithethe sivela eThailand kunye nabo baqhelisela ubuBhuda baseTheravada, kuyo iimonki zenza ukuhlehla kokomoya kweenyanga ezintathu, ngexesha lemvula (ngoJulayi ukuya ku-Oktobha), yaziwa ngokuba yiWassa ngolwimi lwesiPali okanye iPansa Sanskrit. Iimonki kufuneka zigcinwe kwikhaya loonongendi kwaye ngelo xesha zenza ukucamngca ukuze zikhule ngokomoya kwaye zenze izifundo eziqhubekayo. I-Khae Pansá ithetha ukuqala kokurhoxa, kwaye i-Ok Pansá ithetha isiphelo sokurhoxa.
Esi sithethe sidala kakhulu, kukholelwa ukuba sivela kwixesha apho uBuddha wayehlala khona, yamkelwa yi-ascetics yaseIndiya, oko kukuthi, abo bantu basuka kude nolonwabo lobomi, baphila ngokuzithiba kwaye baphila kuphela kwi-ascetics yaseIndiya. amalizo anikelwa ngabantu, olu hambo lwaqala ngexesha leemvula ezinkulu.
Uhambo ngezonqulo
Luhambo olwenziwa entabeni engcwele kwaye ukhenketho lwenziwa ngeenxa zonke echibini, lwenziwa ukucela ukukhuselwa, ubulumko kunye namandla angakumbi, ekubeni iintaba kunye neendawo ezingcwele zibenza bafumane inzuzo engaphezulu.
Iinkonzo kunye nezithethe zobuBhuda
UbuBhuda yinkcubeko etyebileyo kwizithethe zonqulo kunye nemisitho, abanye bevela kwizithethe zamandulo kwaye kunye nabo bafuna ukufezekisa kunye namava iinkolelo zabo, ukufumana ubulumko kunye nokuqonda ngakumbi ubuBhuda.
Isiko loKwalusa
Esi sithethe siya kuxhomekeka kwisikolo seBuddhism apho ikholwa lihlala khona, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yile yenziwa ngezigaba ezibini okanye izigaba. Eyokuqala kubo yinqanaba lePabbajja, liqala xa ikholwa lineminyaka eyi-8 ubudala, umntwana uthathwa kwi-monastery ngomhla oboniswa yi-horoscope ukwenza ukuqaliswa. Apho iimonki zimamkela kwaye ziya kumnika amatye amathathu enkolo yobuBhuda:
- UBuddha, umntu okhanyiselweyo ekufuneka umqonde njengomfundisi wakho
- I-Dharma okanye iimfundiso kunye nokuqonda oko uBuddha wakufundisayo
- I-Sangha okanye uluntu lwamaBhuda apho iya kudibaniswa khona.
Kamva ukhululwa iimpahla zakhe aze anikwe isambatho esimthubi, intloko yakhe ichetywe ngokupheleleyo, yaye zonke izikhundla zakhe zinikelwa kwiimonki zamaBhuda: iimpahla ezintathu, ibhanti, inaliti, incakuba, isihluzo, ifeni. nesitya sokwamkela amalizo.
Bakufundisa imigaqo emihlanu ephambili yokuziphatha kukaBhuda, eya kuba yinxalenye yobomi bakho kwaye kufuneka uyilandele eleta ngoxanduva olukhulu:
- Maze bangathabathi okanye batshabalalise naluphi na uhlobo lobomi bomntu okanye besilwanyana.
- Akufunekanga bathabathe izinto zabanye abantu, oko kukuthi, mabangabi, baqhathe okanye benze ubuqhophololo.
- Bamele bakuphephe ukuziphatha kakubi okuya kukwenzakalisa bona okanye abanye.
- Mabangaxoki, banganyelisi, bangahlebi, bangathuki;
- Abakwazi ukusebenzisa naluphi na uhlobo lweziyobisi, nokuba zisemthethweni, okanye utywala okanye ikofu.
Inqanaba lesibini okanye isigaba sibizwa ngokuba yi-Upasampada, kwaye iqala kanye xa iPabbajja iphela, apho imonki ephezulu yamaBhuda yabelwe ekufuneka imfundise yonke imimiselo ekufuneka ihlonelwe ngumkhwetha. Ngokunjalo, yonke into ifundiswa ukuze bafumane ubulumko, imfesane nonqabiseko koko bakukholelwayo. Ngaphambi kokuba bafikelele kwiminyaka engama-20 ubudala, bamele beyiseke ukuba baqhubeke yaye kulapho isiko lokumbiza ngokuba yimonki lenziwa.
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiRite of Chod, ngokuqinisekileyo sisithethe esoteric kunye nesiqhelo seTibetan Buddhism, kodwa iyimfihlo egcinwe ngokusondeleyo phakathi kwenkosi kunye nomfundi.
isithethe sokufa
KwiBuddhism, ukufa linyathelo elibalulekileyo ukuze umphefumlo ufikelele kwi-nirvana, le nkqubo ayibuhlungu okanye imbi. UmBhuda ucinga ukuba eyona ndlela yokufa kukuba umntu uyazi ukuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni kuye, kwaye kungoko kufuneka abantu abasondeleyo, eli linyathelo lokuqala ubomi obutsha kufutshane ne-nirvana.
Ukufa kuguqulwa kube yinto eyinxalenye yomjikelezo wobomi kwaye akufanele yoyike, kuba ayisosiphelo sendlela kodwa yinkqubo yendalo, eyinto yonke kwaye ayinakuphetshwa, kwesi siko. wabona ukuba abantu bayalila okanye bayalila.
Kungokufa obunokuthi buqalise ubomi obutsha, obuya kuba nokuphindaphinda kaninzi de kuphunyezwe iNirvana. Kule meko, umntu sele ekwazile ukufunda kwaye unobulumko obaneleyo emoyeni wakhe ukuze akwazi ukubona inyaniso, into yokwenene. KwiNirvana akukho ngcaciso ipheleleyo yokuba yintoni na ekubeni kunzima ukuyiqonda kanye njengokuba kunzima ukuyiqonda inyaniso.
Isithethe sokufa okanye isithethe somngcwabo wamaBhuda siqala ngesithethe, esiquka ukufunda iBar-do'i-thos-grol, incwadi yabafileyo, lenziwa xa umntu eza kufa okanye osandul’ ukufa. . Xa ufunda, unikwa izitshixo ezikhokelayo zeBardo, engeyonto ngaphandle kwenqanaba eliphakathi phakathi kobomi bobabini, ngeli xesha umngcwabo wenziwa iintsuku ezingama-49 kwaye apho usapho kunye nabahlobo bakunika ukutya neziselo. iminikelo kumoya womfi.
Ngokubanzi, imizimba iyatshiswa, kodwa kukho iimeko apho ingcwatywa emanzini okanye ishiye nje umzimba kwindalo ukuba ibole ngokwemvelo. Emva kweentsuku ezingama-49 zokungcwatywa, amasiko omngcwabo aqala ngokulungiswa komzimba ngokusesikweni, ukuze ukwazi ukuchitha iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngaphakathi kwindlu obuhlala kuyo, phambi kokuqhubeka nokuwutshisa. Eli nyathelo libizwa ngokuba yiGnan Sop.
Ibhokisi kufuneka ibe nefoto yomntu oswelekileyo, amakhandlela kwaye abo baya emngcwabeni banxibe ihempe emhlophe okanye impahla emnyama. Xa iintsuku ezimiselweyo zidlula, kuthandazelwa uBuddha kwaye kubekwe isigqubuthelo ebusweni bomfi, emva koko umzimba ufakwa ebhokisini ukuze uvuse.
Ngaphambi kokuba kutshiswe imisitho emininzi, indlu kamfi kufuneka ihlale ivuliwe ukuze izalamane zidibane. Iimonki zicula kwimibhiyozo emininzi. Njengendlela yokuhlonipha umfi, indoda ikhethwa ukuba ibe yimonki okanye ibhinqa ukuze ibe ngumama omhlophe. Indoda ekhethiweyo kufuneka ichebe intloko, inxibe iimpahla zemveli, kodwa umfazi okhethiweyo unxibe ezimhlophe kuphela, makangathethi okanye achukumise amadoda, ukuze abe nyulu.
Aba bantu kufuneka babe ngasemva kwebhokisi kwaye esandleni baphathe intambo emhlophe, yindlela ekufuneka ilandelwe yinkosikazi yomfi. Emva kweveki sitshisiwe okanye sitshisiwe, kwenziwa omnye umsitho wokuhlonipha lowo ubhubhileyo kuze emva kweentsuku ezingama-49 kuthiwe ndlela-ntle okokugqibela. Kunyaka emva kokufa, kuqhutywa omnye umsitho kuze kulandele isikhumbuzo seminyaka emithathu efile, nto leyo ekuxa ixesha lokuzila ligqityiwe.
Kukho iidolophu ezibamba umbhiyozo minyaka le iminyaka esixhenxe ukanti ezinye apho ubanjwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka esixhenxe iminyaka engamashumi amane anesithoba. Ebudeni bonyaka wokuqala wokufa, akukho lungu lentsapho lifanele libe nenxaxheba kwimibhiyozo apho liya kuba nemibhiyozo okanye iziyolo.
Izithethe zobuBhuda zonyaka omtsha
Kunyaka omtsha, kumazwe amaninzi ongowokuqala kaJanuwari wonyaka ngamnye, kumazwe aseAsia kwahluka ngokwamasiko nezithethe nangenxa yeenkolelo zawo. KumaTibetan le nkonzo ibizwa ngokuba yiLosar kwaye yenziwa phakathi kukaJanuwari noFebruwari, kodwa into ebalulekileyo ayikho ngomhla owenziwe ngayo, kodwa ukuba umthendeleko uya kwenziwa njani kwaye zeziphi izithethe eziya kwenziwa kuyo.
Amaqela abanjwe kwintsapho, ngoko ke isiko sinokuhluka, ngenxa yeso sizathu sigcinwe ngasese kunye nabasondeleyo kubo, ukutyelela kwiitempile zenziwa, izipho zinikezelwa kwaye ezinye izithethe zonqulo ziyenziwa. Elinye lala masiko libizwa ngokuba lidabi laManzi eliqhubeka ezitalatweni, bonke abantu bamanziswa ngamanzi anemibala eyahlukeneyo ukuze bazihlambulule kwaye bazihlambulule ezonweni zabo.
Yonke imifanekiso kaBuddha kufuneka icocwe, nokuba ikwimizi yeemonki okanye ezindlini, ihlanjwe ngamanzi kunye ne-essences ukuze ithamsanqa lifike kunyaka ozayo. Elinye lala masiko kukuthatha intlabathi ibe ziingceba ezincinci okanye ngezandla izise kwizindlu zoonongendi, lo ngumfuziselo wokungcola ababenawo ezinyaweni zabo kulo nyaka uphelileyo.
Ezi zandla ziqingqwe kwi-stupas edibeneyo kunye neeflegi ezinemibala nazo zibekwe njengomhlobiso. OoBuddha bezindlu zoonongendi kufuneka nabo bathwalwe ngomngcelele ukuya kwidolophu ekufutshane, ukuze abantu bafefe ngamanzi kubo.
I-Nyi-Shu-Gu kunye neLosar
Kubantu baseTibet, imibhiyozo yoNyaka oMtsha inamacandelo amabini ahlukeneyo, kodwa ahlobene ngokupheleleyo, enye kukuvalwa konyaka ophelile ukususa konke okubi okwakukuyo, kwaye unyaka olandelayo unokuqaliswa ngendlela entsha. Indlela entsha kunye nentabalala.
I-Losar yinxalenye yesiko lokuba unyaka omtsha ufike.Kuthetha ukuthi unyaka kwaye uSar mtsha, sifumana iNyi-Shu elusuku lokugqibela lonyaka oluphelile.
UNyi-Shu-Gu
Kubizwa ngokuba ngumhla wamashumi amabini anesithoba, kwaye ngolu suku kukho ukuhlanjululwa kwezindlu kunye nomzimba ukususa ukungahambi kakuhle, imiqobo, yonke into engcolileyo, ukuphazamiseka kunye nezifo ezifumaneka kuzo. Ngaloo mini uchungechunge lwezithethe lwenziwa ukubhiyozela unyaka omtsha ozayo, usuku ngaphambi kokuba unyaka omtsha uqale, ukucoca kunye nokucoca kufuneka kwenziwe.
Izindlu kufuneka zicocwe ngokupheleleyo, emva koko umntu ahlambe kwaye ahlambe iinwele zakhe, wonke umntu kufuneka azinakekele kwaye ahlambuluke ukufumana unyaka. Emva kokucoca, banokuzonwabisa, badle iGuthuk kwaye isithethe senziwe ukutyhila imimoya emibi kunye nobubi obusezindlwini.
AbakwaGuthuk
Yisuphu ye-noodle ekwabizwa ngokuba yiThukpa Bhatuk, ihamba kunye nezithako ezahlukeneyo kunye neziqholo ezikhethekileyo eziza kutyiwa ngobusuku bukaNyi-shu-gu. I-noodles incinci kwaye i-shell-shaped-shaped, eyenziwa ngesandla, ezinye izithako: I-Labu okanye i-radish yase-Asia, i-cheese eyomileyo, i-chilies, i-peas.
Ukuze ibe yiGuthuk, kufuneka kongezwe into ekhethekileyo kwipleyiti nganye, njengebhola yentlama enento ekhethekileyo ngaphakathi kuyo, enjengento okanye isiqwenga sephepha esinamagama okanye umzobo. Le dumpling kufuneka ibe nkulu ukuze ibonakale yahlukile kwi-noodles okanye i-Bhatsa, ukunqanda ukuyidla ngempazamo nento engaphakathi.
Ezi zinto zingaphakathi kobunzima zibekwe ngabom ukuba zidlale ihlaya kumntu okhonzwayo, yiyo loo nto ubunzima bunento eyahlukileyo ngaphakathi. Ezinye zezi zinto okanye imizobo zilungile njengeziqwenga zoboya ukubonisa ububele, okanye ilahle lelahle elixelela umntu ukuba intliziyo yakhe imnyama. Izinto zitshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kwindlu eyenziwe kuyo, ummandla apho yenziwa khona kwaye nokuba kuxhomekeke kunyaka.
Isithethe esenziweyo sokususa i-negativity sisebenza ngendlela yokususa imimoya emibi kunye namandla amabi kungekhona nje kubantu kodwa nakwizindlu, eli lungelo liyaziwa ngokuba yiLue kunye ne-Trilue. Eyokuqala ngumfanekiso oqingqiweyo wendoda eyenziwe ngeTsampa (ingqolowa egcadiweyo, irhasi okanye umgubo werayisi) kunye namanzi neti. Olu luphawu lwento ofuna ukuba nayo ekhaya.
I-Trilue yenziwe ngamaqhekeza amabini enziwe ngento enye, kwaye inikwa umntu ngamnye omenyiweyo ukuba atye ukuze kususwe izifo, omabini amasiko enziwa ngaphambi okanye emva kokuba isuphu yakwaGuthuk iphekiwe kwaye igcinwe.
Iibhola zentlama kunye nezibalo zenziwe kwaye zibekwe kwipleyiti enkulu engasayi kuphinda isetyenziswe ekubeni kufuneka ilahlwe emva kobo busuku, ezi zigcinwe kwaye zihanjiswe emva kokuba iGuthuk isetyenziselwa ukuvula iibhola, umntu ngamnye makashiye bit of the guthuk ukujoyina iintsalela amadombolo.
Ekupheleni kokutya, iziqwenga ze-lue kunye ne-trilue zinikwa abantu abahleli besitya, ekufuneka bacinezelwe ukuze ukuma kwezandla kugxininiswe kwintlama. I-trilue ke ihlikihlwa kwicala lomzimba ogulayo okanye obuthathaka kwaye kunqweneleka ukuba impilo engalunganga ikhutshwe emzimbeni. Ngelixa besenza oku kufuneka bathethe amabinzana afana nala:
- Lo chik dawa chu-nyi, Shama sum-gya-druk-chu, Gewang parchey thamchey dokpa sho!
Oku kuguqulela njengeenyanga ezilishumi elinambini ezinonyaka, iintsuku ezingama-360, ukuya kokubi kunye nemiqobo, ihambe. Ngaloo mini ebusuku kunokubakho uvuyo kunye neentlungu, de kube i-dumplings ivuliwe, kodwa umnqweno omkhulu kunabo bonke kukuba unyaka omtsha ukhululekile kwizifo kunye neentlungu.
Iziqwenga zeentlama ezivela kwi-trilue zongezwa kwi-lue, kwaye konke oku kuthathwa kunye nenye isobho kwisitya esifanayo, kukho abo bakhanyisa ikhandlela, nangona kungenziwanga kuzo zonke iindawo. Iitotshi zotyani nazo zihlala zikhanyiswa ukuze zijikeleze indlu zisithi “Thonsho ma!” oko kukuthi Phuma, ukuze amandla amabi kunye nemimoya emdaka imke. Kumakhaya amaninzi benza imithandazo kunye nemithandazo ngelixa behamba kumagumbi endlu enetotshi.
Emva kokwenza ukhenketho lwendlu, thatha ipleyiti kunye netotshi kwaye uyishiye kwindawo ekufutshane, ngaphandle kokujonga ngasendlini. Esi sithethe sesona senziwa kakhulu kwiBuddhism yaseTibetan. Emva kokuthatha zonke iintsalela kude nekhaya, kucingelwa ukuba imimoya emibi iyayishiya kwaye ke akukho ndlela yokubuyela ekhaya, ngoko banekhaya elinempilo nelicocekileyo kwaye banokufumana unyaka omtsha kwiimeko ezilungileyo.
ILosar
Lo mbhiyozo woloyiso lokulungileyo phezu kobubi kwaye lusuku olubaluleke kakhulu kubuBhuda. Ngaphambi kokubhiyozelwa, amaqebengwane, izonka, iziqhamo ezininzi kunye neelekese zibekwe kwisibingelelo ngasinye sentsapho, esihonjiswe kweso sihlandlo kunye neDergas okanye i-cookies, i-chang eyisiselo sebhiya yerhasi, i-loboe ihlathi lengqolowa elihlwayelwe kwiglasi kunye gow kulapho imbewu yerhasi enomgubo isiya khona.
Lo mbhiyozo woloyiso lokulungileyo phezu kobubi kwaye lusuku olubaluleke kakhulu kubuBhuda. Ngaphambi kokubhiyozelwa, amaqebengwane, izonka, iziqhamo ezininzi kunye neelekese zibekwe kwisibingelelo ngasinye sentsapho, esihonjiswe kweso sihlandlo kunye neDergas okanye i-cookies, i-chang eyisiselo sebhiya yerhasi, i-loboe ihlathi lengqolowa elihlwayelwe kwiglasi kunye gow kulapho imbewu yerhasi enomgubo isiya khona.
Esi sibingelelo kufuneka sihlale ngolu hlobo iiveki ezimbini ukuze impumelelo ingene ekhaya kulo nyaka mtsha. Iintsuku ezintathu zokuqala zezona zibalulekileyo ekufuneka zenziwe ngazo ezi zithethe:
Ngosuku lokuqala: I-Chankol yenziwe, i-Koenden isiselo esenziwe nge-chaanga ngendlela yebhiya yaseTibetan, i-Khapse nayo yenziwe, ibhotela ye-drive, uhlobo lwebhotela eyenziwe ngobisi lwe-Yak yowesifazane, iswekile yommoba, i-churras (i-cheese eyomileyo eyenziwe kunye ubisi lwe-dri okanye i-Yak yabasetyhini, amanzi kunye namaqanda.
Iidonuts ezibizwa ngokuba yiKarsai, ukutya okwahlukileyo kunye nehagu, iTibetan yak kunye neegusha nazo ziqhotsiweyo, iminikelo eyahlukeneyo yenziwa koothixo kwaye ukutya kufakwa kwizikhongozeli okanye iipleyiti zomthi ezipeyintwe ngemibala eyahlukeneyo okanye iQemar. Le mibhiyozo ikunye nosapho, kodwa utyelelo lwezihlobo nabamelwane luyamkelwa ukufumana amanzi onyaka emlanjeni.
Amanzi athwalwa ezindlwini, abekwe ezibingelelweni, kulayitiwe isiqhumiso kuze kulayishwe izibane zebhotolo, kuthandazelwa uxolo enyakeni, abantwana kufuneka banxibe iimpahla ezintsha, yaye imibuliso yoNyaka oMtsha iyananiswa. kunye nethamsanqa.
Ngosuku lwesibini: Eyaziwa ngokuba nguGyalpo Losar okanye uLosar Rey, namhlanje iintlanganiso zeDalai Lama kunye neenkokheli ezahlukeneyo zendawo kwi-Samsara kunye ne-Nirvana Hall of Excellence.
Ngosuku lwesithathu: ibizwa ngokuba yiLosar ekhuselayo, ukutyelelwa kwii-monasteries, ukwenza iminikelo kwizibingelelo kunye nezidalwa zokukhusela i-Dharma, iiflegi zomthandazo kunye namahashe omoya abekwe. Ukusukela namhlanje kuxa abantu kunye neemonki benza imibhiyozo yeLosar.
Izithethe zobuBhuda zokuchuma
Kubantu abalandela inkolo yobuBhuda, kuqhelekile ukuba basoloko besenza amasiko nemisitho, ekubeni benikelwe kubo ukususela kumaxesha amandulo.
Ukwenzela impumelelo nobutyebi bakwanazo nezithethe ezininzi, eyona ixhaphakileyo kukubeka uBuddha wegolide okanye uBhuda weMali, oquka umzobo kaBuddha onentsimbi yegolide kwesinye isandla nengxowa yegolide kwesinye. ukukwazi ukunika nokufumana, ukutsala amandla amatsha ahambisa imali kunye nobutyebi emntwini.
Imali kaBuddha yeSiko
Kule nkonzo, uBuddha weMali ubekwe endlwini, ukuya kwicala lasekhohlo kunye nelayisi, iziqhamo kunye neengqekembe zemali zinikezelwa kuyo ukutsala ubuninzi, emva koko kwenziwa uluhlu lwemithandazo.
imithandazo yokuphumelela
KumaBhuda, ukucengceleza lo mthandazo kwenza umntu azicingele njengomntu ochumileyo onentabalala yempahla, abanye benza iminikelo kuBuddha ngaphandle kwezindlu, ukuze kwabelwane ngentabalala.
“Owu uBhuda onamandla nomkhulu!, namhlanje uza kum, ngenxa yamandla akho amakhulu, ukuze ithamsanqa lam liphucuke, kwaye ususa yonke imiqobo eza kum, ndiyazi ukuba uya kundinceda kuyo yonke into endiyicelayo. ukuba uya kundibona, ukuba uya kundikhusela kwaye undinike ubutyebi, egameni likaThixo, ngenxa yokulunga kwakhe okukhulu nenceba yakhe. Umoya omkhulu kaBuddha wokuphakama kunye nobunyulu, thumela ukukhanya kwakho kwindalo engapheliyo, apho uhlala khona, nceda usinike oko sikucelayo kwaye ukhanyise indlela yethu.
Ezinye iinguqulelo zinokufunyanwa kulo mthandazo, ezisetyenziselwa ukucela ubutyebi. Umfanekiso kaBuddha kufuneka ubekwe ngokuthathela ingqalelo apho umnyango wokungena wendlu ukhoyo, ubeke itafile ngasemva ngasekhohlo kwaye ujikeleze kuyo abameli bezinto ezintlanu babekwe:
- Umlilo: ungabeka ikhandlela elikhanyisiweyo kunye nentonga yesiqhumiso, ukuba yenziwe ngesandalwood ngcono.
- Umhlaba: Ungabeka ilitye lequartz lalo naluphi na ubukhulu.
- Intsimbi: beka iingqekembe ezintathu zamaTshayina ezibotshelelwe ngeribhoni ebomvu, kufuneka uzibeke zonke iinkozo ezinecala le-yang phezulu, uyakwazi ukuliqonda kuba elo cala linamagama amaTshayina amane.
- Amanzi: beka iglasi yamanzi okanye ikomityi, oku kufuneka kutshintshwe imihla ngemihla, leyo itshintshiweyo ayilahlwanga kodwa ingathathwa okanye ifakwe kwitanki yeentlanzi okanye emthonjeni.
- Ukhuni: beka iqhekeza lebamboo yaseTshayina okanye intyatyambo.
Ukongeza, kufuneka ubeke ikomityi kunye nerayisi kunye nenye ngamaqhekeza esonka ezibini, oku kubekwa kuphela usuku olunye njengomnikelo, kwaye ngengomso basasazeke kumphandle wendlu ukuze kwabelwane intabalala, nawe unayo. ukhetho lokutya nangaphezulu ukuba impilo yakho ayilunganga.
Xa unayo yonke into edityaniswe nezinto ezintlanu kunye neminikelo, yenza izicelo ozifunayo, uzibhale kwiphepha elibomvu, oku kunokwenziwa ngokulandela lo mzekelo:
"Ndiyabulela (bhala zonke izinto ezilungileyo ozifumeneyo kwaye ozifunayo), yonke into ilungile kum, loo nto okanye into engcono endinethemba lokuyifumana ngaphambili (chaza umhla). Enkosi, Tata".
Emva koko kufuneka utyikitye esi sibongozo, esi siko sinokwenziwa ngabanye abantu abasendlini, kwiphepha lakho kwaye amashiti kufuneka abekwe phantsi kweenyawo zomfanekiso kaBuddha.
Ukuhleka kweSiko likaBuddha
UBuddha ononcumo, owaziwa ngakumbi ngokuba nguBuddha otyebileyo, usetyenziselwa ukwenza impumelelo, kunye nolonwabo, ekubeni ulonwabo lutsala ulonwabo olungakumbi. Lo mfanekiso usetyenziswa kumakhaya, kumashishini nakwiiofisi, njengoko ungumfanekiso oqingqiweyo omhle kakhulu, kunye nokuba ngowona waziwa kakhulu kwaye uthandwa kakhulu nguBuddha njengoko utsala inhlanhla.
Ngesithethe esiya kukunika sona, uneendlela ezimbini ongakhetha kuzo kwinyanga enye, xa kukho inyanga entsha okanye xa kukho inyanga epheleleyo. Isizathu sokwenza oko kukuba ukuchuma kuyasebenza, kunye nempilo kunye nothando, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba uthathe isigqibo malunga nento oyifunayo ngalo mzuzu ukuze isebenze, kwaye ke kuxhomekeke kwinto oyifunayo kufuneka ube nezinto ezingundoqo. kunye namakhandlela afanelekileyo:
- Iprosperidad: ukuba yile nto uyifunayo kakhulu, ngoko kufuneka ube ne-essces ye-tangerine, i-sinamoni kunye nekakhukhunathi, amakhandlela aza kusetyenziswa a-orenji okanye aphuzi.
- ZeMpilo: ukuba lo ngumxholo wakho oyintloko kufuneka usebenzise i-eucalyptus, i-lemon, i-mint okanye i-pine essences kwaye usebenzise amakhandlela aluhlaza okanye amhlophe.
- amor: kule meko kufuneka usebenzise i-esssences ye-sinamoni, i-orange blossom, i-cloves, i-jasmine okanye i-roses kunye namakhandlela abomvu okanye apinki kufuneka asetyenziswe.
Zeziphi izinto ekufuneka ubenazo ukuze wenze isiko: umfanekiso kaBuddha omomothekayo, amakhandlela amathathu, kunye neempawu ezifanelekileyo zento ofuna ukuyenza, xa unakho konke, linda inyanga entsha okanye epheleleyo kwaye ubhale ileta kuyo. isiqwenga sephepha ukuze ube nombulelo ngayo yonke into ofuna ukuyitsala ebomini bakho, ukuba kungenxa yothando, bhala ukuba yeyiphi iqabane oyifunayo, ukuba yinkqubela phambili, bonisa ukuba ufuna kangakanani kwaye xa kufuneka ube nayo. Ukuba ungumntu osempilweni, bulela impilo yakho entle kunye namandla amahle onawo yonke imihla.
Into ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba le yimizekelo nje yezinto onokuthi uzicele, kwileta yakho ucela nantoni na oyifunayo ukuba nje ilungile. Wakugqiba ukuyibhala, hlikihla amakhandlela kunye nesisu sikaBhuda ngalo mba uwukhethileyo, khanyisa amakhandlela, ubulele uBhuda ngayo yonke into kwaye uyitshise le leta, uthuthu maluthathwe lungcwatywe embizeni okanye egadini kwaye konke. amakhandlela avutha ngokupheleleyo. Unokwenza eli siko rhoqo ngenyanga okanye ngalo lonke ixesha ufuna ukucela into ethile.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5Q123T5nNc
Iminyhadala yobuBhuda
Ngenxa yezithethe ezininzi zobuBhuda, ngokuqinisekileyo banenani elikhulu leeholide zokubhiyozela okanye ukukhumbula, uninzi lwazo lumangalisa kakhulu, kwaye luzele yimfihlakalo kunye nesibheno esibonakalayo. Ngamnye wabo unesithethe esahlukileyo, phakathi kwabo nguNyaka oMtsha wamaBuddha, uMagha Puja, uPii Mai okanye umbhiyozo woNyaka oMtsha, uVesak, uEwk Phansas, kunye noKhao Phansas, umbhiyozo we-Asala, phakathi kwabanye.
unyaka omtsha wamaBhuda
Sele sithethile ngale nto, yaziwa ngokuba yiLosar kwaye ngokuxhomekeke kwilizwe apho umntu akhoyo, ukubhiyozelwa kwayo kwenziwa ngeentsuku ezahlukeneyo, oku kwenziwa phakathi kokuphela kukaJanuwari nokuqala kukaFebruwari, iqala ukubhiyozelwa ngenye imini. ngaphambi konyaka omtsha kunye nothotho lwezithethe kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iiveki ezimbini.
Vesak okanye Buddha Day
Lolona suku lubalulekileyo kumaBhuda nakwabo baqhelisela le nkolo, kufuneka lwenziwe xa kukho inyanga epheleleyo kwinyanga kaMeyi. Kubhiyozelwa amaxesha amathathu abalulekileyo kaBuddha: usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa, ukukhanyiselwa kwakhe nokufa kukaSiddharta Gautama (uBuddha), ekubeni zonke zenzeka kwinyanga epheleleyo.
Onke amasebe amaBhuda ayayibhiyozela kwaye ibiyiholide yehlabathi ukusukela ngo-1950, ekugqitywe ngayo yiWorld Fellowship of Buddhists, kule holide ukuzinikela kokugcina ubomi obulula nobubekekileyo buyahlaziywa, ekuqhubekeni nokuphuhlisa ingqondo. ukwenza ububele, uthando, ukufumana uxolo kunye nemvisiswano kubo bonke abantu.
Usuku lweMagha Puja
Kukubhiyozela intshumayelo yokuqala uBuddha awayinikelayo ngaphambi kwe-1200 XNUMX labafundi bakhe, kuxa echaza imigaqo yobuBhuda nokumiselwa kwabo njengonqulo, ukongezelela ekumiseleni usukelo lwakhe lokugqibela, olukukufikelela eNirvana. Lo mbhiyozo ubalulekile, kwaye uyenzeka ngomhla wenyanga epheleleyo yenyanga yesithathu, kwaye ufuna ukucoca ingqondo, ukwenza okulungileyo kwaye ugweme ukuwela esonweni. Yiholide kumazwe anjengeThailand, iLaos, neKhambodiya, nakumazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma Asia. ETibet ibizwa ngokuba ngumnyhadala weChotrul Duchen.
uposatha
Kuyinto ekhethekileyo yeBuddhism kwaye yenziwa ngelixa kukho inyanga epheleleyo, ngoko kunokubakho imibhiyozo emininzi kwinyanga yenyanga, i-Uposatha ithetha usuku lokuzila. Iimonki zamaBhuda zizila ukutya ngale ndlela ilandelayo: zitya ukusuka ekuphumeni kwelanga ukuya kutsho emini emaqanda, emva koko zingatyi nto de kube lusuku olulandelayo. Bobabini abantu abaleleyo kunye neemonki kufuneka bazive ukuba ukuzinikela kwabo kuyakhula kwaye kufuneka benze ukuhlaziywa kwe-Dhamma.
kathina
Lo mthendeleko ubanjwe ekupheleni kokuhlehla kweemonki i-Khaw Pansá kunye ne-Ok Pansá, ukuzaliseka kwayo emva kwenyanga epheleleyo ka-Oktobha kwaye yenziwa iintsuku ze-30, kuyo iimonki zamaBuddha zibulela kwaye iminikelo kunye neminikelo yenziwa. yempahla kunye nokutya okusiwa kwiitempile ezahlukeneyo zoluntu ngabantu abaqhelekileyo ngokufanayo.
Songkran
Itheko loNyaka oMtsha waseThai, lenzeka phakathi kwe-13 ka-Epreli kunye ne-15 kunyaka ngamnye, intsingiselo yalo linyathelo lokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi, elibonisa ukuba lixesha lotshintsho oluninzi. Kubanjwa imithendeleko kwaye idabi lamanzi lemveli libhiyozelwa ezitalatweni, liphoswa iintsuku ezintathu ezilandelelanayo, iintsapho nazo ziqokelelana kwaye amaqhina osapho kunye namaqhina avuselelwa, abantu abadala bawongwa ngemisitho eyahlukeneyo yenkcubeko kunye nezithethe ezivela kumaxesha amandulo. Uninzi lwazo lusekwe kwi:
- Hlambulula, uhlambulule kwaye uhombise iitempile.
- Yenza iminikelo kunye neminikelo kwiimonki zamaBhuda.
- Ukwenza iminyhadala ukubonisa intlonipho kuBuddha kunye nokwenza uthambisa ngamanzi anevumba elimnandi.
- Beka amanzi ezandleni zabantu abadala ukubonisa imbeko nombulelo.
Loy Krathong
Ngumthendeleko weZitya zoMthombo oDandamazayo, ubanjwa kwinyanga epheleleyo kaNovemba kwaye uhlala ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho umthendeleko uqhutyelwa khona, ukuba kukho iintsuku ezininzi zokubhiyozelwa, ngobusuku bokuqala umbhiyozo ubanjwe ukuba. ixesha leemvula laphela kwaye lenzelwa imbeko kuMae Khongkha, uthixokazi wamanzi wamaHindu.
Umbhiyozo wayo ungowokhokho kwisithethe sebrahmana, ukusuka apho wadlulela kwimibhiyozo yemveli yamaBhuda, kodwa uninzi lwezikolo luthi lo mbhiyozo wenziwa ukubonisa intlonipho kunye nokunqula iNyawo eNgcwele kaBuddha, efumaneka elunxwemeni lomlambo iNammadhammahantee. . .
Kwabo bathatha inxaxheba kulo mthendeleko, kuyisiko ukuzisa isiqhumiso, iikomityi ezinamagqabi, iingqekembe, amaphepha amaninzi anemibala, amakhandlela, kwaye yonke into ifakwe kwiibhasikithi ezenziwe ngamagqabi emithi yebhanana, ebizwa ngokuba yiKrathong. Emva koko ezi zibekwe emanzini ukwenza umnikelo kwaye yonke into elungileyo efunyenweyo iyaxatyiswa, iyacelwa ukuba igxothe amashwa kwaye izise ithamsanqa.
Amawaka e<em>krathongs anokubonwa edada phezu komlambo kukhanyiswe amakhandlela ngaphakathi, ezi zenza oko kufana nomfanekiso wenyoka yokukhanya ehamba emanzini, ekukhanyeni kwenyanga ezeleyo, kwenziwa imidaniso, umculo udlalwa, iiparade ziyadlalwa. kubanjwa, kucinywe iziqhushumbisi kwaye kulungiswe ukutya kwasekuhlaleni.
Umthendeleko weendlovu
IJaipur sisixeko esikwilizwe laseRajasthan eIndiya, xa umthendeleko weHoli ubanjwa ngenyanga kaMatshi. Indlovu ngumfanekiso okhoyo kwiintsomi ezininzi, kwaye inxulunyaniswa nobukhosi, izithixo kunye nomfanekiso kaBuddha. Kuyo umngcelele wenziwa ngeendlovu ezipeyintiweyo, amalaphu anemibala eyahlukeneyo abekwe phezu kwawo, kwivelvet eneembroidery kunye namatye anqabileyo amaninzi, emva kwabo kukho abadanisi ekufuneka badanise ngamandla amakhulu, kulandelwa ngamahashe, iinqwelo zokulwa, iinkamela, iinkanunu kunye neenqwelomoya. iipalanquins.
Imidlalo yesiNtu enjengokutsalwa kwemfazwe neendlovu ezifanayo kunye nemidlalo yepolo nayo iyadlalwa. Lo mthendeleko unikezelwe kwiindlovu, ngoko ke ekugqibeleni kukhethwe ukuba yeyiphi ehlotshiswe kangcono. Ungabona kwakhona i-Gaj Shringar, apho kukho imiboniso yezinto ezahlukeneyo ezinento yokwenza neendlovu, izihombiso ezininzi, amalaphu abizwa ngokuba yi-Jhoo, i-Howdahs ezi zitulo ezibekwe emqolo, iinqwelo ezahlukeneyo, imizobo emininzi, ngokunjalo. njengeemveliso zonyango kunye nokutya.
Nangona lo mbhiyozo usenzelwa imbeko, indlela eziphathwa ngayo iindlovu iye yaxutyushwa kakhulu, ekubeni imizobo emininzi ebekwe kuzo ibangela umonakalo eluswini lwazo, ngaphandle nje kokuba zinyanzelwa ukuba zenze imisebenzi nemiboniso. apho bangaphathwa ngentlonipho kunye nobulungisa, ngoko ke imibutho emininzi yokukhusela izilwanyana yenze izibhengezo kulo mba.
esala perahera
Lo mnyhadala umdala kakhulu eSri Lanka, ubanjwa phakathi kukaJulayi no-Agasti nanini na xa uhambelana nenyanga epheleleyo yasehlotyeni, ubanjwa malunga neeveki ezimbini okanye kunjalo, eyona nto yaziwayo yile yesixeko saseKandy apho unokubona khona. uvuyo oluninzi, umculo kunye nombala. Eyona nto iphambili yalo mbhiyozo lizinyo likaBuddha. Njengeholide yesizwe yomanyano lwemibhiyozo emibini emidala kakhulu:
- Umthendeleko woloyiso lukaThixo u-Indra phezu kweVrita, idemoni kunye nokucela iimvula xa eli xesha lomileyo.
- Imingcelele eyenziwa ngokuhlonipha iThempeli leZinyo likaBuddha, eyona nto ihloniphekileyo eSri Lanka nalapho i-relic igcinwa khona, ehlala igcinwe kwiimonki, ngaphakathi kwe-reliquary eyenziwe ngegolide kunye namatye amaninzi anqabileyo.
Kwiitempile apho ubhiyozo lwenzeka khona, unokubona imiboniso emihle apho umculo weegubhu uhamba nabo, kunye neefakirs, amaqela omculo kunye neendlovu ezininzi ezineempahla ezintle zokuhombisa. Ekuqaleni komngcelele kufuneka uhambe indlovu iMaligawa, ephethe i-reliquary ngezinyo likaBuddha.
Ngomhla wesithandathu wombhiyozo ebusuku, kuqhutywa imibhiyozo ebizwa ngokuba yiRandoli Perahera, apho kukhunjulwa khona iipalanquins ezazithwele iikumkanikazi kumaxesha amandulo. Ekugqibeleni kwimizila, eyenzeka ngosuku, ukuvalwa komkhosi kwenziwa ngokunqunyulwa kwamanzi kuMlambo waseMahaweli ngaphandle kwesixeko saseKandy.
Esi sithethe sijongene neKapuralas, abanomthwalo wemfanelo kwiitempile kwaye ngabo abanqumla amanzi nge-saber eyenziwe ngegolide kwaye bafunde imithandazo. Abaninzi bathabatha amanzi ngeendebe ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuze bawase etempileni, apho baya kuhlala khona de kuqalise umthendeleko wonyaka olandelayo.
O Bon
I-O-bon lisiko elivela eJapan kwaye lihlala lisenziwa ngokuxhomekeke kwikhalenda yenyanga, phakathi ku-Agasti, okanye ikhalenda yelanga, ngoJulayi, ukubhiyozelwa kwayo iintsuku ezintathu zilandelelana. Kukholelwa ukuba yiholide yamaBhuda, kuba kukho ibali apho umfundi omdala kaBuddha wabona umphefumlo kanina kunye nokunciphisa ukubandezeleka kwakhe kwaye wamkhokelela endleleni yoxolo, walandela imfundiso kwaye waphumelela ukuba umphefumlo ungaphumla ngoxolo.
Umbhiyozo ufuna ukwamkela yonke imimoya efuna ukudibanisa kunye nabathandekayo babo emhlabeni kwaye ukuba lo mzuzu ugcwele uvuyo, unomculo, umdaniso, kwaye akukho kungabikho kokutya okanye iziselo. Imbeko inikwa bonke ookhokho balabo abeza kulo mbhiyozo, umdaniso weBon-Odori uyenziwa, izibingelelo okanye ibutsadan kufuneka zibekwe kuzo zonke izindlu kwaye izibane zikhanyiswe kuzo zonke iingcango zendlu ezisebenza njengesikhokelo imimoya eza kubandwendwela.
Nangona iyimvelaphi yobuBhuda, kancinci kancinci yaba yinxalenye yenkcubeko kunye nesithethe saseJapan, kancinci kancinci yahlukaniswa nesithethe samaBhuda. Kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-500, esi sithethe siye sabhiyozelwa, nto leyo eye yamilisela iingcambu kungekuphela nje kunqulo kodwa nakwisizwe, ekuye kwafakelelwa kuso eminye imisebenzi namasiko.
Bodhi
Lo mbhiyozo ubanjwa rhoqo nge-8 kaDisemba, kwaye ubizwa ngokuba lusuku lokuKhanya lukaSiddartha Gautama okanye uBuddha. Ngalo mhla uBuddha wafikelela ekukhanyeni okupheleleyo ngonyaka wama-589 BC kwaye kulapho ke waba nguBuddha. Kwakhona ngokufuthi babhekisela kulo mhla njengokuvuswa kukaBuddha nokuqala kobuBhuda, obuqala ngengcamango yokuba bonke abantu banamandla okufikelela eNirvana nokuphelisa ukubandezeleka.
Phambi kweBodhi, iimonki zenza imisebenzi emininzi, ukulungiselela olu suku, iveki engaphambi kokuba kubuyiselwe iimonki, apho banokulala kuphela iiyure ezi-2 ngosuku kwaye ngobusuku bokugqibela bokurhoxa kwabo kubanjwa umlindo, kanye njengoko. UBuddha akazange alale.
Izithethe zobuBhuda
Ngenxa yokuba ubuBhuda buquka imibhiyozo emininzi, imithendeleko, imisitho, izithethe, kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwisebe lobuBhuda apho zenziwa khona, kukho iiyantlukwano eziphawulekayo kwizenzo zabo phakathi kwazo zonke, ngoko ke akunakwenzeka ukuba uzidwelise zonke. Kodwa kukho izithethe ezimbini ezenziwa ngawo onke amakholwa namarhamente amaBhuda kulo lonke ihlabathi:
Ukucamngca: eyona nto ibalulekileyo kuwo onke amaBhuda njengoko iluqheliselo lwenkolo ngokubanzi, ngayo ingqondo iyahlakulelwa, ubulumko bunokufunyanwa kwaye ufunde ukuqonda ngcono. Bonke abaqeqeshi beBuddhism benza lo mkhuba ukuhlakulela, kwaye baqonde ngcono yonke into ekhoyo kwinyani yethu, indalo kunye nokuzikhulula kuzo zonke iintlobo zokubandezeleka.
Ukucamngca kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisikolo samaBhuda, olu lwantlukwano lukwindlela yokucamngca kwaye luye lwaba lisiko ngokwesithethe samaBhuda, ke ngokobuchwephesha ababusebenzisayo, kunokuthiwa:
- UbuBhuda baseTheravada: uqheliselo lwenzelwa ukuba nenkqubela phambili kwaye ukuba ingcali inokugudiswa, kufuneka ihlalutye iimeko abahamba kuzo ngelixa becamngca.
- zen buddhism: Yenzelwe ukufumana ubulumko obuninzi, kodwa igxininise ekubeni ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokusebenzisa intuition, ukufumana ukuhambelana kwendalo, kunye nale dualism iyagwenywa kwaye ukucamngca okugqibeleleyo kweZen kufezekiswa.
- UbuBhuda baseTibet: kule nto, ubunzima obuninzi bunikezelwa kwinkalo yesimboli kunye nokungazi kakuhle kwengqondo, izenzo ezininzi zezithethe zenziwa ukwenzela ukuba ingqondo iguqulwe.
Ukunqulwa: luqheliselo lwesibini lwawo onke amathambeka amaBhuda, kuwo ukunqulwa kukaBuddha kufunwa kokubini ezibingelelweni zezindlu, nakwiitempile nakwiimonki. Apha iimantras, imithandazo iyasetyenziswa kwaye iminikelo kunye nezipho kufuneka zenziwe.
Iinkolelo zobuBhuda
Iinkolelo zobuBhuda zisekelwe kuzo zonke iimfundiso zikaSiddartha Gautama okanye uBuddha, lo yayingumntu okhethekileyo, umntu owafikelelayo kwinguqulelo yakhe waza waba ngokhanyiselweyo, esenza isiseko sobuBhuda. Waba yindoda elumke gqitha eyakwazi ukwenza inguqulelo yokwenene yokomoya ngeemfundiso awayezifundisa. Wabiza iimfundiso zakhe njengeenyaniso ezine ezilungileyo:
Duhkha
Intsingiselo yayo ibanzi kakhulu kwaye inokususela ekunganeliseki, ukuphoxeka, ukubandezeleka, ukungazinzi, intlungu, ukuzisola, njl. Ngoko kunokushwankathelwa ukuba iphathelele ukubandezeleka nentlungu kwindalo iphela kubomi obungenakwaneliseka. KumaBhuda kubalulekile ukuba ayamkele into yokuba kukho ukunganeliseki ebomini yaye oku kubangela ukuba buphile ngendlela ephazamisekileyo, kodwa ukuba buyinyaniso, bukho yaye bunokuchaphazela zonke izinto eziphilayo. I-Duhkha isekwe ngeendlela ezintathu: i-duhkha duhkhata, i-viparinama duhkhata, kunye ne-Sanskara duhkhata.
Samudaya
Eyesibini yeenyaniso ezihloniphekileyo kwaye ibhekisela kwindlela i-Dukha eyavela ngayo, ibona oku njengeyona nto ikhawulezayo kunye neyona nto inokuchukunyiswa. Ngayo kuboniswa ukuba ukubandezeleka kuza ngenxa yeminqweno, imvakalelo yokungahlali kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke ukungazi. Xa umntu ekholelwa ukuba ulonwabo lwakhe lungaphandle kwaye lunamathele kwizinto kunye nabantu, baya kuziva befuna ukuqhubeka nokuba nokugcina yonke into ukuze baqhubeke bevuya, kuba oku kukubonakaliswa kwabo kolonwabo, okugqiba ukuguqula i-Addiction.
Okwangoku utshintsho lwenzeka kubunyani babo obubangela ukuba izinto ezibangqongileyo zitshintshe kwaye ngaloo ndlela ubomi baloo mntu, ekubeni yonke into kulo bomi ayipheli, ngoko ke ukubandezeleka kuvela. Umntu kufuneka atshintshe rhoqo ukuze ubomi bakhe buguqulwe kwaye aqhubeke ekhangela ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka bonke abo abanqwenelayo.
Uhlobo lwesithathu lokubandezeleka oluboniswa nguBuddha neyinxalenye yale nyaniso kukungazi, xa ingaziwa yaye ingaqondwa indlela ubomi ngokwawo obusebenza ngayo, ubunyani babantu nemithetho yendalo eyilawulayo neyenza iinguqulelo, abavumeli ukuba ubomi bube ngokoqobo. umntu ukuba nolonwabo.
Nirodhaes
Le nyaniso inento yokwenza nolangazelelo olungunaphakade, yonke into esiyilangazelelayo, ukunxanelwa rhoqo kunye nokunamathela kuyo yonke into ephathekayo. UBuddha wafundisa ukuba ukubandezeleka kunokupheliswa yaye kunokoyiswa. Kubo kufuneka ube nokulawula kwengqondo ukuphelisa ukuphazamiseka kunye neentlungu, kodwa le nkqubo idinga: ukuqonda, isenzo kunye nokucamngca.
Ngokukwazi ukulawula nokususa umnqweno, sinokufumana uxolo lwangaphakathi size sibe nemvisiswano ngokusisigxina. Ukuphela kweminqweno akuthethi ukuba kukho ukucinezelwa kwayo, ekubeni oku kuthetha ukuba simele siyiyeke iminqweno, sizikhulule size silahle ukuncamathela, xa siwulahla umthwalo onzima esiwuthweleyo uyakhululwa. Oku kwaziwa njengeyona nyaniso yokugqibela okanye intliziyo yeDharma.
Magaga
Yinyaniso yesine neyokugqibela ezukileyo, ebhekisela kwindlela, okanye indlela esikhokelela ekupheliseni ukubandezeleka size sifike eNirvana. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiNdlela Ephakathi, ekubeni ivumela abantu ukuba bakuphephe ukugabadela okubangela ukubandezeleka, okuquka ukufuna ulonwabo ngolonwabo lwenkanuko nokuziva udandathekile kumntu omnye.
KuBuddhism, kufuneka kufunwe indlela eZisibhozo, ekhokelela ekupheliseni ukubandezeleka, ibizwa ngokuba yindlela eya eNirvana yaye kukho iindlela ezisibhozo zokuyifeza. Inyaniso yesine ebalaseleyo eyithethayo yeyokuba kukho indlela esahlulayo ekubandezelekeni.
Nangona le ndlela inokufunwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, eyona isetyenziswa ngamaBhuda, okanye kwizikolo ezininzi, zezo zifundiswa nguShakyamuni Buddha okanye uGautama Buddha. Ngale ndlela yendlela ephindwe kasibhozo, ayiyondlela inye esiyihambayo ukushiya inqanaba ngalinye ngasemva kwaye sifezekise injongo yethu yokugqibela.
Le yindlela eguqulayo yobomi kwaye ngaphandle koko iyatyebisa kuba injongo yayo ikukuba sifikelele kuhambo lokugqibela lwenjongo yethu. Kusithatha kwiinkalo ezisibhozo ezenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba inkokeli yobuBhuda iguquke, izityebise ize iphumeze eyona njongo yayo iphambili.
Nangona kunjalo, nganye kwezi zinto zihlukeneyo, oko kukuthi, kufuneka ziphuhliswe ngaxeshanye, ekubeni zihlobene. Oku kuvumela ukulinywa komntu ngamnye kube negalelo ekulimeni kwabanye. Eyona njongo iphambili kukuba ingcali nganye iphuhlise kwaye ikhule ngaphakathi kwemigaqo emithathu ephambili yobuBhuda:
- Ubulumko okanye Pañna
- Ukuziphatha okuhle okanye uSila
- Ingqeqesho yengqondo okanye iSamadhi
Kubaphengululi abaninzi bale nkolo le ndlela ineenxalenye ezimbini, eyokuqala ngumbono ohambelana nenqanaba lokuqala okanye into kwaye eyesibini lutshintsho olubandakanya izigaba ezisixhenxe eziseleyo, ezi zinto zisibhozo zinokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- USamina Ditthi okanye ukuqonda okuLungelo: apha iinyaniso ezine ezihloniphekileyo ziphakanyisiwe, umthetho we-Causality kunye nokungapheli.
- USamma Sankappa okanye Ingcinga eLungileyo: kuthetha ukukwazi ukucinga usebenzisa ubulumko nothando, ngaphandle kokuncamathela, ukuziva unentiyo, ububi okanye ukusebenzisa ubundlobongela, ukuphepha ukungazi.
- USamma Vaca okanye Amagama athe ngqo: kufuneka uphephe ukusebenzisa ulwimi olungafanelekanga, olunokubangela ingozi okanye umonakalo. Ungathethi izinto ezingafanelekanga, ungaxoki, unganyelisi okanye uhlebe. Amagama kufuneka asetyenziswe ngentlonipho, azele bubuhlobo, anobubele, amnandi ukuva, amnandi, aluncedo kwaye anentsingiselo ukuze kubekho inzuzo kunye nemveliso.
- Samma Kammanta okanye Isenzo esiLungileyo: kuthetha ukwenza umsebenzi wakho ngokundilisekileyo, ngokuziphatha nangembeko nokuba wenziwa ngoxolo. Musa ukwenza izenzo zokunganyaniseki okanye izenzo ezinjengokubulala, ubusela okanye ukuba neentlobano zesini ezingekho mthethweni.
- USamma Ajiva okanye iindlela zokuPhila eziLungelo: kufuneka kuphetshwe ukuba kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi owenziwe umonakalo ubangelwa kumaqela esithathu, oko kukuthi kwezinye izidalwa eziphilayo, isondlo osifumanayo kufuneka sibe nesidima kwaye singabi nazinyeliso zalo naluphi na uhlobo.
- USamma Vayama okanye uMzamo oLungileyo: Oku kubandakanya ukungabi neengcamango ezimbi, kunye nokuzisusa engqondweni, ukwenza ukuhlakulela iingcamango ezintle kunye nokugcina iingcamango ezivela ukuhlakulela i-Dhamma.
- USamma Sati okanye ukuNgqondo okuLungileyo: umzimba, uvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo, yeyiphi imisebenzi esengqondweni kwaye yeyiphi ingcamango okanye ingcinga ekhoyo, yeyiphi imibono ekhoyo kunye nento esinayo ngeenxa zonke kuthi.
- USamma Samadhi okanye Ugxininiso lwasekunene: Ngolu qeqesho izigaba ezine ze-Dhyana okanye ukufunxa zinokufezekiswa, iminqweno kunye neengcinga ezimbi zinokushiywa, ukuzola kunokuphuhliswa kwaye ingqondo inokulungiswa okukodwa. Ukulingana okanye ibhalansi esisigxina nayo ivela ukwenzela ukuba ukuvakalelwa kunyamalale kwaye imeko yokucaca kwengqondo iphunyezwe.
Ngale ndlela isibhozo, kunokutshiwo ukuba ibandakanya ukuseka nokugcina uqeqesho lwengqondo, umzimba kunye nentetho, ukuze zilandelwe, zenziwe kwaye ziphuhliswe kubo bonke abantu abafuna ukuyenza kwaye nabo bafuna ukuyenza. babe nenkululeko, ulonwabo kunye noxolo oluyimfuneko ukuze baqhubeke nomsebenzi wabo wokuziphuhlisa kunye nokukhulisa ukuziphatha, umoya kunye nengqondo.
Kutheni kukho iiyantlukwano kwiiRites of Buddhism?
Sele sitshilo ukuba amasiko obuBhuda ayahluka ngokwezithethe okanye izikolo, oku kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi kwaye eyokuqala kungenxa yenkcubeko nolwimi oluqhutywa ngalo. Kananjalo iingoma zahlukile ngokwezizwe zamaBhuda eziya kuxhomekeka kwinkcubeko nakulwimi ezithethwa ngalo.
Izixhobo zomculo, indlela i-genuflection eyenziwa ngayo kunye nendlela yokuqubuda, indlela amaTshayina afanele acule ngayo ngoxa emile kwaye amaTibet ehleli, ezi ziifom okanye utshintsho olwenziwa ngokwahlukileyo kwimibhiyozo kunye nezithethe zamaBhuda.
Iitempile zikwanazo noyilo olwahlukileyo, ngaphandle nangaphakathi kwaye oku kuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nelizwe ezakhelwe kulo, kuzo zonke ungafumana umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaShakyamuni Buddha kwiziko lawo, kodwa banokuba nabanye ooBuddha njenge. I-Bodhisattvas, i-Arhats kunye nabakhuseli be-Drama ngaphakathi.
ETibet inkangeleko yomhlaba xa iyindalo inokuba sempilweni kakhulu ukuze abantu bomthonyama balapho bakhangele ezi tempile njengoko zizele yimibala emininzi kunye nokuhonjiswa. Iitempile zaseJapan zikwindawo eyohlukeneyo kwaye izele yimincili, ngoko ke iitempile zilula ngakumbi okanye zilumkile, ngoko ke zinomehluko omkhulu kwindalo enomtsalane.
Iifom zeetempile ezingaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwazo azilandeli isiqhelo esithile senkolo, lo gama nje zingahambelani nemfundiso, endaweni yoko izithethe zibonwa njengezixhobo ezinokwenza kube lula kwaye zincede kwi-Buddhism ukulungelelanisa. kwinkcubeko nakwindawo ohlala kuyo. Yiyo loo nto iDharma yokwenyani kufuneka iqondwe njengaleyo ibonwa engqondweni nasentliziyweni hayi ezo zibonwayo okanye ziviwayo. Yonke into ebonakalayo okanye engaphezulu ayiyonxalenye yeDharma.
Iminyhadala kunye namasiko eBuddhism eVietnam
I-90% yabemi baseVietnam yenziwe ngabantu abenza iBuddhism, ene-fusion phakathi kweTheravada kunye neMahayana Buddhism, oko kukuthi, isithethe samaHindu soMhlaba ococekileyo kunye neChan Chan, ekubeni iinkcubeko zikhona kweli lizwe. Kubantu baseVietnam, inkolo iyakwazi ukudibanisa izithethe ezininzi, ezazixutywe neenkolelo ze-animist, amaBhuda, amaConfucian kunye namaTao.
Benza imiqondiso yokuhlonela abantu abakhulileyo, kwiinkolelo nakwizithethe zobuBhuda, baya kwiitempile zabo ngomhla we-15 wenyanga yenyanga nakuyo yonke imibhiyozo yonqulo. Banxiba isambatho esingwevu njengomqondiso wokuba bazimisele ukuqhelisela ubuBhuda. Ezona holide zibalulekileyo kubo zezi zilandelayo:
IVesak
Apho babhiyozela ukuzalwa, ukukhanyiselwa kunye nokufa kukaBuddha, amasiko abo afana kakhulu nalawo enziwa eThailand. AmaBhuda ahlanganisana ezitempileni ngaphambi kokuba kuthi qheke ukusa aze anqule indwe kaBuddha, amculela iingoma zokumdumisa, athethe ngeemfundiso zakhe kulo lonke uluntu. Ngaloo mini bakholisa ukukhulula amawaka eentaka kunye nezinambuzane, njengomqondiso wokuba abasesengabathinjwa kwaye imalunga nokuphepha ukufa okanye ukonakala kwayo nayiphi na into ephilayo.
Trung nguyen
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Xa toi vong nhan, oku kuthetha "ukuxolelwa kwemiphefumlo elahlekileyo", iqhutywa ngenyanga kaJulayi, nangona umhla wayo ungowe-15 kaJulayi, kodwa ukusuka kulo mhla ukuya phambili unokuqhutywa kude kube sekupheleni. kaJulayi. Imvelaphi yayo isuka kumnyhadala wamaBhuda uVu Lan okanye e-Ullambana, eTshayina kwaye injongo yawo kukuphumeza usindiso nokukhululwa kwemiphefumlo kuko nakuphi na ukubandezeleka kunye nokuhlonela imiphefumlo yezinyanya.
Kubantu baseVietnam, bekholelwa ukuba imimoya inokufezekisa ukukhululwa kwizigwebo zabo kunye nesohlwayo sabo, kuya kuxhomekeka kwimithandazo abayenzayo ukuphepha eso sigwebo, yingakho ngoJulayi 15 benza imithandazo yokuphepha isigwebo sesihogo.
Imithendeleko kunye neMithetho yeBuddhism eTibet
ETibet, ubuBhuda baqala kwiiHimalaya, ngoko olona qheliselo luphambili bubuBhuda baseMahayana, obunabalandeli abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20. Kukho imibhiyozo emininzi unyaka wonke, ukubhiyozelwa kwemihla yokuzalwa yaseBodhisattva kunye neminye imihla efanelekileyo yekhalenda yabo yenkolo, ihamba kunye namasiko amaBhuda. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kuzo zezi:
Isithethe seChod
Sisithethe esoteric kunye nesikhethekileyo eTibet, ukusukela kumaxesha amandulo ibigcinwe iyimfihlo phakathi kwabo baqala kwiBuddhism kunye nabafundisi abasasaza imfundiso, namhlanje isagcinwe ngolo hlobo kodwa ivuleleke kancinci. I-Chod ithetha ukusikwa okanye ukudlula, oku kuthetha ukuba yiyoga eneendlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuphelisa i-ego, oko kukuthi, ubuqu, ukususa imvakalelo yokwahlukana kunye nokuzingca njengabantu ngabanye.
Ukuze ube yinkosi yeChod, kufuneka uhambe ngoluhlu lweemvavanyo, uninzi lwazo lubandakanya ukucamngca okwenziwa kumangcwaba alikhulu, eTibet ezi zenziwa ngaphandle nasebusuku. Ngokwembali yaseTibet, iimonki ziya kunyamalala kuphela ukuba zifumane imizimba yazo eqhekekileyo kusasa, njengoko zidibana nemimoya engendawo kunye nemimoya elambileyo.
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kumthendeleko onjalo yinto enhle kakhulu, kukho abo baye bakwazi ukuba khona kule mibhiyozo kwitempile yaseGeshe Larampa Lobsang Yeshi kunye neqela leemonki zaseNyagre Khangtsen kwi-2014. Abantu bafaka iimaski ezimnyama xa Isithethe siqala, kucaciswa ukuba kusebenzela ukuthintela imimoya engendawo ukuba ibakhathaze, ukongezelela, iimonki kufuneka zicule imithandazo kwaye zidlale iigubhu ngochuku oluthile olumema i-hypnotism, zenze amava abe namandla ngakumbi.
Intliziyo yeSutra Puja
Njengoko sichazile ngaphambilana, oku kwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe iintsikelelo zikaBuddha, umsitho waseTibet mde kakhulu, ubuncinane iyure enesiqingatha, yaye kusetyenziswa amagubu, kwenziwa imithandazo yaye nomculo ungcwele. E-Tibet bambiza ngokuba nguSherning Dondub kwaye i-mantra yakhe yiSango, isango leParaghate, iParasamgate, iSoham, ethi ngaphaya, ngaphaya, rhoqo ngaphaya, kwaye icelwa amandla okulambatha apho iinkosi ezininzi zinokufikelela zibe namava anzulu kakhulu.
Ezi mfundiso zaseTibet zigqalwa njengeemfundiso zesiseko sobulumko kwaye ngazo zifuna ukucoca iidemon ezisengqondweni. Kubo kukho iindidi ezine zeedemon okanye iimaras, ezoyiswa nguBuddha xa wayecamngca phantsi komthunzi womthi weBodhi. Ezi demon zine zezi:
- Eyobuqhetseba eyenza iimvakalelo kunye nezimo zengqondo zingabikho.
- Eyokufa ebangela izifo ezibulala abantu.
- Leyo yee-aggregates kunye neyabantwana bezidalwa zasezulwini, ezinxulumene nezenzo ezifuna ukuzonwabisa kwaye ezonzakalisi thina kuphela kodwa nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo.
Ezi demon zimele zikhutshelwe ngaphandle kwaye ngenxa yokuba iminikelo emininzi yenziwa ngamaqebengwana, kumacala omane aloo ndawo imifanekiso yezilwanyana ezingamadini obuxoki imele ibekwe ukuze iidemon zimke. Omnye kufuneka kwakhona abekwe ukuba unesimo somntu esimele abantu abagulayo, abo bagcina iidemon ezikhohliweyo ukuze bagxothwe kamva.
Ukufezekisa indlela yokomoya, zonke iidemon kufuneka zikhutshwe kwaye oku kunokwenziwa kuphela ngumntu omnye, kuthiwa ngumzabalazo onzima, kodwa kufuneka kwenziwe kwaye kuphunyezwe ukuze kulandelwe ezinye izithethe zeBuddhism.
Umsitho Ozukileyo Wokubongoza
Kwenzeka phakathi kwe-3 kaJanuwari kunye ne-25 yekhalenda yaseTibet kwaye imikhosi yenkolo eyahlukeneyo kunye nezithethe zamaBhuda ziyabanjwa, ezisezandleni zama-lamas eemonki ezintathu ezinkulu; Drepung, Sera kunye Gandan. Zenziwa ngaphakathi kwesixeko kwaye bonke abantu badibana kuzo.
Saka Dawa Party
Kwenzeka phakathi kwe-30 ka-Matshi kunye ne-15 ka-Epreli kwikhalenda ye-Tibetan, kwisixeko saseLhasa, amawaka abantu abazinikeleyo bafika kuhambo olukhulu oluya kwi-monastery yaseJokhang kunye ne-Pótala Palace. Uninzi lweziqhumiso kunye nezibane zebhotolo zikhanyisa kwaye iminikelo eyahlukeneyo yenziwa ukucela ukukhuselwa kwiintlekele kunye neentlekele kunye nokucela inhlanhla.
Umthendeleko weentyatyambo kunye nezibane zebhotolo
Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukubhiyozela ukuzalwa kukaSakyamundi, umseki weBuddhism. Iintyatyambo zichazwe kunye nezibane kunye nezinye izinto ezenziwe ngebhotela kwaye sisikhumbuzo soloyiso lukaBuddha Shakyamuni phezu kwabachasi bakhe neentshaba, ezenzeka eIndiya ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-2500 eyadlulayo.
Iminyhadala kunye namasiko eBuddhism eThailand
EThailand, ama-95 ekhulwini abemi balapho ngamaBhuda, asuka kwisikolo saseTheravada, esikwaseLaos, eBurma naseKhambodiya, awona masiko abalulekileyo:
makhabucha
Iholide yesizwe kweli lizwe ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-1250, ebekwe nguRama IV. Kwesi sihlwele kuhlawulwa imbeko nonqulo kwinkumbulo yentlanganiso yomqolomba kaBuddha waseVeluvana neemonki ezili-XNUMX, ezafumana ukumiselwa kwazo nguye zaza zafumana yonke imfundiso nemfundiso yakhe. Yenziwa kwinyanga epheleleyo yenyanga yesithathu yekhalenda yenyanga, ephantse ihlale ngoFebruwari.
Visacha Bucha
Ukuhlonipha ukuzalwa, ukukhanyiselwa nokufa kukaBuddha, ngenyanga kaMeyi okanye kaJuni ngalo lonke ixesha idibana nenyanga epheleleyo yenyanga yesithandathu. Iinkumbulo zeemfundiso zikaGautama Buddha zihlala zenziwe ukomeleza ixabiso lentlalontle nelomoya labantu.
asanhabucha
Kwenziwa ngomhla weshumi elinesihlanu kwinyanga yesibhozo, oko kukuthi, ekupheleni kukaJulayi, yaziwa ngokuba yi-Dharma day, kwaye ngowona mnyhadala uphambili weThais, bayenzela ukubhiyozela usuku lokuqala. Intshumayelo eyanikelwa nguBuddha, emva kokuba uzuze ukukhanyiselwa kwakho.
Khaw Pansa kunye no-Ok Pansa
Luqheliselo lobuBhuda baseTheravada kulo lonke elaseThailand, yaye njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, kukurhoxa ngokomoya okwenziwa zizo zonke iimonki, okuthabatha iinyanga ezintathu ngexesha leemvula ukususela ngoJulayi ukusa kuOktobha. Kuyo balungiselela kwaye banakekele ukubunjwa kwabo kunye nokuphuhliswa komoya ngokucamngca kunye nokufunda.
Eminye imixholo onokuthi uyithande okanye ube nomdla kuyo yile ilandelayo:
Uthixokazi wamaBhuda oKhuselayo