Isishwankathelo seThafa Elivuthayo, ngumsebenzi woncwadi kaJuan Rulfo, wenziwa ingqokelela yamabali ahlukeneyo, umbhali anenjongo yokuba umfundi azicwilise kwaye azinikele kumabali angenakuthelekiswa nanto ayenzeka kwihlabathi eligutyungelwe bubuhlwempu.
Isishwankathelo seThafa Elivuthayo
UJuan Rulfo wapapasha ingqokelela yamabali amafutshane anesihloko esithi El llano en Llamas, xa wayeneminyaka engama-35 ubudala. Amabali abaliswayo amele ezona nyaniso zinamandla zobukho, ebhentsisa ukuba umhlaba uyindawo enoburhalarhume.
Ngamabali ahlukeneyo aqala ngentshayelelo yomculo odumileyo, ukuphonononga ukuqala kweNguquko yaseMexico kunye nokuqala kokusekwa kweentshukumo ezizimeleyo eziqhubekayo ezenzeka ngexesha lenkqubo yoguqulo.
Isishwankathelo seThafa Elivuthayo, Ibalisa iintsomi zayo kumntu wokuqala ngabalinganiswa abafana nenkolo kunye nabanqolobi, ababehlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zabalimi abaneenkolelo zonqulo ezinkulu, kunye nezimo zengqondo zobundlobongela eziphuma kwi-revolution yaseMexico.
Abalinganiswa abakwa URulfo, zineziphene, ziyakruqula, yaye ngokufuthi ziyazifihla iimfihlelo de iintsomi ziphele, ngaloo ndlela zinika intsomi icala elididayo. Ubume bendalo burhabaxa kwaye kwangaxeshanye bujikelezwe bubuhle obubonakalisa ilizwe laseMexico elimelweyo, kunye neentsomi ezithatha indawo kwizixeko ezinjengeCorazón de María, nangona kunjalo, ilizwe litshatyalaliswa ngezenzo zemfazwe.
Ukuba uyaluthanda uncwadi, siyakumema ukuba ufunde ngolu fundo lubangel’ umdla Isishwankathelo sikajongilanga abangaboniyo
Isishwankathelo se-El Llano en Llamas ngamabali
Uninzi lwala mabali abekwe emaphandleni aseMexico, okwenzeka ngexesha leMvukelo yaseMexico. I-El Llano en Llamas yenziwe ngamabali ahlukeneyo aza kubaliswa ngokurhabaxa, ke siza kuqala ngoku:
Abazange banike Umhlaba
Libali elibaliswa kumntu wokuqala nowesithathu, liqela labavukeli, abakhumbula amava abo njengeenkokeli, ukuthobela kwabo ekupheleni kovukelo nemihlaba ababeyinikwe bona ngokutshintshiselana ngezixhobo, nemihlaba ayilungelanga ukukhula.
Induli yamaComadres
Ibaliswa kumntu wokuqala, bathi kwakukho abazalwana abathile ababezinikele ekubiweni kweetroli kwidolophu eyaziwa ngokuba yiCuesta de las Comadres. Aba baphambukeli babengabavukeli, abathi banikwa umhlaba emva kokuphela kovukelo mbuso, babehlala besoyika amasela awenza into yawo abile into ayifunayo.
Kukuba sihlupheka kakhulu
Ngenye intsomi kumntu wokuqala, ichaza ngokufa kuka-Auntie Jacinta, owayethandwa kakhulu yintsapho yonke, wafa ngolunye usuku ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukadadewabo uTacha we-12. Kwabakho umkhukula omkhulu edolophini otshabalalisa isityalo, kwaye kwakhona uthatha inkomo ekuphela kwayo eyabanika ubisi kwaye yayiyimpilo yosapho.
Indoda
Libali elibaliswa kumntu wokuqala nowesithathu, libalisa ngempindezelo neengxaki ezikhoyo phakathi kweentsapho ezohlukeneyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubulaweni kwamalungu ezi ntsapho zombini.
Isixelela ukuba indoda ethile ngobusuku obumnyama, ibaleka kwihlathi elibandayo nelimnyama, ishiya umkhondo wendlela eyayihamba kuyo yaye iphawula indlela eyayihamba ngayo. Okukuvumelayo, ukuba omnye umntu omlandelayo amfumane. Isizathu sokuba le ndoda ibaleke kukuba ibulele yonke intsapho yaloo ndoda imxhatshazayo, isenzo esenzela ukuziphindezela, kuba loo mntu wayemtshutshisa ebulele umntakwabo.
Ekuzeni kokusa
Libali elibalisa ngendoda egama linguEsteban, eyayisebenza kwihacienda kaDon Justo. U-Esteban wazana nomtshana omhle we-boss, owalahlekelwa yintloko yakhe ngothando, ngokuhamba kwexesha bahlala kunye kwaye bethandana, uthando lwabo lwalufihliwe ukuze bangabi nobunzima kunye noDon Justo. Ngenye intsasa uEsteban wabona ithole lenkomo lisecaleni kukanina, yaye kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba libe njalo, uEsteban waqhubeka elisusa, kodwa ngequbuliso walibetha elo thole.
Mole
Ibali elibaliselwa kumntu wokuqala, umbalisi UTanyl Santos, ubalisa indlela azisola ngayo ngokufudusela umntakwabo eTalpa ukuze afe, ngale ndlela wayecinga ngayo.Aba hlala kunye nomfazi womninawa wakhe, nomfazi womntakwabo.
Abathandi babini baceba ukubulala uTanilo, owathi emva kokuphelisa ubomi bale ndoda, wayenxiliswe ngokuzisola ngesiganeko esibi. Ukususela kweso siganeko, akukho namnye kwaba babini abathandanayo abaphinda batshintshiselana, baziphatha njengabantu abangaziwayo, kwaye bavumela uthando lwabo ukuba lulibaleke.
IMacario
Ibali elibaliswa kumntu wokuqala, elithetha ngoMacario, ohleli ecaleni komsele, elindele ukuba amasele aphume ukuze ababulale ngentonga, abo bangavumeli uthixo wakhe alale ebusuku; Kunjalo nakuFelipa, umpheki wothixokazi, awayechitha naye ubusuku egcina ubudlelwane.
Sele beyibulele inja, kodwa iinjana zona zasala
Yingoma edumileyo yaloo maxesha, ibali lenziwa kumntu wokuqala. U-Pichón yindoda yoguquko exela ngokufa ngequbuliso kunye nokunyamalala kweNja, eyenzeka kwindawo yokulalela ePiedra Liza, kunye nemikhosi karhulumente ekhokelwa nguGeneral Petronilo Flores.
isiseko solwandle
Libali, elibaliswa kumntu wokuqala nowesithathu. Bathetha ngomfundisi-ntsapho, inkosikazi yakhe nabantwana babo, kwidolophu ebizwa ngokuba yiSan Juan Luvina, ekummandla osezintabeni nobharhileyo, indawo eyayintlithwa ngumoya mihla le.
Unjingalwazi, ngoxa esendleleni, udibana nomhambi, aze amchazele oko kwamehlelayo kwidolophu eyintlekele. Bathi bajonge edolophini, beneenjongo kunye nethemba lokuzuza ikamva eliqaqambileyo eLuvina, kodwa, inyaniso yeyokuba yidolophu enemimoya emdaka, ngabantu abadala kuphela abaphila phantsi kweemeko ezimaxongo, bephoswe kwelokulibala ngabantwana babo. , kunye norhulumente. .
Ngobo busuku bamshiya yedwa
Lintsomi elibaliselwa kumntu wokuqala, apho uFeliciano Ruelas, inkwenkwe ehamba noomalume bayo uTanis noLibrado, amadoda angamalungu enguqu yecristero, ebudeni beminyaka yowe-1926 ukuya kowe-1929.
North Pass
Libali elibaliswa kumntu wokuqala, abalinganiswa abaphambili abanamagama. Ekuqaleni kwayo, ithetha ngobomi bendoda ethengisa iihagu, kodwa ayinayo inhlanhla ngokuthengisa kwaye iya eUnited States. Umfazi wakhe nabantwana aba-5 bashiyelwa kuyise wabo, kodwa yena akabafuni.
Khumbula
La madoda mabini athetha ngobomi bendoda eyayikade ingumhlobo wabo wesikolo ogama lingu-Urbano Gómez, unyana kaNksk Berenjena, umfazi owayehlala edolophini kwaye wayebandakanyeke kwiingxaki zokuthatha inxaxheba.
U-Urbano naye wayenomalume ogama linguNachito, owathi, evalelwe ngobuhlanya, wagqiba ekubeni ahambe nomfazi wakhe, waza wagqiba ekubeni abhale iingoma ezingcolileyo kunye ne-mandolin.
imini yokuwa
Intsomi exela ubomi bomntu, kunye nowayesakuba nguMongameli uMeltón, othetha ngotyelelo lwerhuluneli kwidolophu yaseTuzcacuexco, emva kwexesha elithile emva kwenyikima ngoSeptemba 18.
Yayilusuku apho idolophu yayibandakanyeke kwintlekele, kodwa irhuluneli yagqiba ekubeni isondele ukuze ifumanise ukuba luhlobo luni loncedo abaza kulufumana, balungiselela itheko lokwamkela, kodwa kwintetho yakhe ubuxoki, uhanahaniso nobuqhophololo babasemagunyeni. .
Ilifa lengelosi enkulu uMatilde
Ingxelo ithi ibhekisela kumfazi ogama linguMatilde, owatshata noEuremio, baza bakhawula unyana. Ngenye imini amaqabane agqiba ukuba unyana wabo afumane umthendeleko wobhaptizo, yonke into yayihamba kakuhle, kodwa ngaloo mini kwenzeka intlekele engalindelekanga.
Endleleni eya ecaweni ukuya kubhiyozela ubhaptizo, uMatilde, owayephezu kwehashe lakhe, wawa phantsi, efumana isithonga esinamandla esabangela ukuba afe ngelo xesha. Umyeni wakhe, uEuremio, utyhola unyana wakhe osandul’ ukuzalwa ngokufa komfazi wakhe.” Indoda icinga ukuba ngenxa yokulila komntwana, ibhinqa liyadandatheka lize liwa ehasheni.
i-anacleto morales
Libali lendoda egama linguLucas Lucatero, exelela ukuba amaxhegokazi alishumi akhohlakeleyo eza kumtyelela endlwini yakhe, ukuze amcenge ukuba anikele ubungqina bokuba umkhwe wakhe ongasekhoyo uAnacleto Morones wayephila ngendlela efanelekileyo nobungcwele.
Abafazi babefuna ukuba umntu ofileyo abe ngcwele, kodwa uLucas waphendula wathi uAnacleto ebomini bakhe wayeyindoda exokayo, engenanto yengcwele, kwaye ethanda wonke umfazi adibana naye, eneneni wayelala nentombi yakhe. , owakhawula unyana ngowakhe uyise.
Ithafa Elitshisayo
Eli bali lisixelela ngendoda egama linguPichón, eyaba nenxaxheba kukhuphiswano lukaPedro Zamora, owayesilwa norhulumente. Ibalisa ngendlela uPichón, ngenye imini xa ayesilwa norhulumente, walungiselela ukuba uloliwe aphume endleleni, nto leyo eyabangela ukufa kwabantu abaninzi, waza wabangela ukuba urhulumente abatshutshise ngokukrakra. Ekugqibeleni, urhulumente uyakwazi ukumbamba aze amse entolongweni. Emva kwexesha elimnandi yaye emva kokuba egqibe isigwebo sakhe, uyakhululwa, umfazi wayemlindile ephelekwa ngabantwana behobe.
Isishwankathelo seThafa elivuthayo: Uhlalutyo
Ithafa elivuthayo lelona bali libanzi kwingqokelela yamabali. Libali elibonisa umfundi isishwankathelo sendlela elaliyiyo intsomi yoHlaziyo, kwaye likwafundisa indlela yokufikelela kumbono omangalisayo odla ngokulinganisa njengentshukumo ekhanyiselweyo nenengqiqo ngokunyanisekileyo.
I-legend ye-El llano en llamas, ichazwa kumntu wokuqala, obonakalayo ukuba i-revolution yaloo maxesha ibonakala njengesiganeko esiqhelekileyo sabantu be-macho. Umbhali uJuan Rulfo wongezelela kancinane ukuba abonise uhlobo olujikeleze umvukeli oyindoda, amadoda awayengaloo maxesha ayenomntu ongenamdla, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweendawo zongquzulwano, ngoko iziphumo zezenzo zabo azizange zimnike ukubaluleka.
Kwibali lika-Elllano en llamas, umlingiswa wePichón ukhubeka kumfazi owadlwengulwa nguye, kwaye kubonakala ukuba wakhulelwa unyana wakhe, xa ebona ubuso bomntwana uyaziqonda njengomntu olusizi, nangona kunjalo, umfazi umxelela ukuba Unyana akasiso isigebenga, akangombulali, yinkwenkwe eneemvakalelo ezilungileyo.
Isishwankathelo se-El llano en llamas, ekuqaleni kwentsomi, isicatshulwa esisuka kwingoma yemveli yaloo maxesha siyavela: "Baye babulala inja, kodwa iinjana zisahleli", kuboniswa njengobungqina obucacileyo bokungathembani. uguquko: uguquko luthetha ngaphezulu kwendoda, umlimi ngamnye yimbewu ekwaziyo ukuvelisa ngokungapheliyo kwaye idabi liya kuqhubeka likhula kwaye lithathe indlela yalo de ubulungisa buphunyezwe.
Ngokufanayo, umntu unokutolika ubundlobongela obenzeka kwisizukulwana saseMexico esaphela kwisizukulwana sabantwana, ababehluthwa abazali babo, kwaye abanalo indlela echanekileyo yobukho babo, kulapho umbuzo uvela khona: ngubani onokukhokela aba bantwana?
Umzobo omele umama ubalulekile kubomi bomntwana, kule ngxelo umama ngumlinganiswa ohloniphekileyo apho umbalisi, uPichón, agcina uqhagamshelwano naye. Nguye kuphela onokwenza ukuba loo ndoda inomsindo ithobe intloko yayo njengegusha xa ibambelele ukuba ingumntu olungileyo.
Amazwi alo mfazi ashukumisa unqulo olukrwada awalunikela ebudodeni bukaPedro Zamora, inkokeli yeqela lemigulukudu namadoda akhe, owasebenzisa abafazi nabantwana njengomzekelo ogqibeleleyo wokuqhubeka nokukhawula oonyana abangakumbi ababeza kubaxhasa nge-A revolution.
Kungenzeka ukuba ibali lika-El llano en llamas libambe ukungaqondakali kwenguqu kumlingisi wangoku kaPedro Zamora, onokuthi usekwe kumfanekiso wembali weziganeko zobomi bokwenyani. Uyinkokeli yenkqubo yenguqu.
KwiLatin America, abalinganiswa ababesebenza njenge-caudillos babephawulwa njengeenkokeli zabemi, abanobuntu obuzele lubabalo, kwaye nabo baxuba inkalo yezopolitiko neyomkhosi ukuba baziphathe njengamadoda anamandla namandla, iziganeko ezenzeka ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, kwaye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
Nangona iinkqubo zogonyamelo ezazisetyenziswa nguPedro Zamora zakhatywayo, abalandeli bakhe bamchaza njengomlawuli omkhulu, ukuzithethelela nokukhuselwa kwakhe kuko okwabangela ukuba ezi caudillo zinike abantu ukuba baqhubeke bephila phantsi kwegunya labo.
Umfanekiso wecaudillo ugqamile kweli bali kwaye ibali eliyinyani lidla ngokubaphatha njengoozwilakhe. Kule ntsomi, imfuneko yokuba abantu babe nenkokeli eyomeleleyo yokubakhokela, umfanekiso wobawo othandwayo, uyaxatyiswa, kwaye ke ukubaluleka okukhulu kwendima yokuziphatha kunye noxolelwaniso emelwe ngumfazi ongumama uyabonwa. kule ntsomi.
iimpawu ze-risishwankathelo sethafa elivuthayo
KwisiShwankathelo se-El llano en llamas, abalinganiswa bathatha inxaxheba, bebhekisa kubantu abahlala ezidolophini, ukusuka kwiimeko ezimbi, benefama zabo, kukho nabaguquleli baseMexico kunye namajoni angamalungu omkhosi.
Kwimbali yalo msebenzi woncwadi, uninzi lweengxelo zenziwa kumntu wokuqala nowesithathu, uJuan Rulfo ubonakaliswa ngokudala iindawo ezincinci zedolophu, kwaye uninzi lwabalinganiswa bakhe bahlala kwintlupheko kwaye bakhumbule ixesha elidlulileyo elinomtsalane nelingenakulibaleka, kodwa , ngokudabukisayo ngoku egcwele iinkxwaleko, apho inkumbulo kuphela kwendlela ekhokelela ukuba bahlale.
UJuan Rulfo ubuyisela ubunzima obukhoyo kwintsimi, nakwiphondo laseJalisco xa ethetha ngesimbo sakhe sobunyani bomlingo. Eyona nto inomdla kwaye inomtsalane ngezi ntsomi kukuba zinokuqhubeka zisenzeka kuwo nawuphi na ummandla waseLatin America, ngakumbi ngenxa yendlela ababalisa ngayo amabali abo njengeemonologue zangaphakathi.
Umlingiswa kaMacario ubhekisa kubukho benkwenkwe, exela indlela ekumnandi ngayo ukuhlala nothixokazi wayo kwaye ikwambonelela ngokutya, kwaye ayinabunzima bokuba ihlale endlwini yayo.
UMacario uxhatshazwa ngumpheki kathixokazi wakhe uFelipa, kodwa woyika ukuba uthixokazi uya kucela ingcwele yakhe ayithandayo ukuba imohlwaye kuba uhlala ehleli ecaleni komjelo wamanzi amdaka elindele ukuphuma kwamasele.