Ngaba ukhe weva ngeenoveli zaseMexico? Namhlanje sikuphathele a Isishwankathelo sobubele, i monograph umdla eziswe ekukhanyeni koluntu ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX ngumbhali omkhulu Ignacio Manuel Altamirano, ungaphoswa.
Isishwankathelo soClemency
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufunda Isishwankathelo sovelwano, Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba yabhalwa ngumnxibelelanisi, umpolitiki kunye nomfundisi-ntsapho, uLuciano Ignacio Manuel Altamirano. Ibekwe ngokolandelelwano phakathi kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kwisixeko saseGuadalajara.
Umbhali uphuhlisa inoveli esekwe kuyo yonke into enxulumene nabantu kunye neemeko ezidumileyo zalo mmandla wonke. Ngokukodwa, yathatha ireferensi yonyaka we-1863, kanye xa ingenelela ngamaFrentshi de kwaba ngunyaka we-1867.
Ulwakhiwo
Le noveli iqulunqwe zizahluko ezingama-37 ezibalisayo ezikhokelela kulandelelwano lweziganeko, apho iimeko zentlalo nezopolitiko zelo xesha zijongene nazo. I-Altamirano uyiqamba ngolu hlobo ukwenza ulandelelwano ngokulandelelana kweziganeko kunye nokukhokelela umfundi kwiimeko ezinomdla kunye neziphumo.
Isiqalo
Inxalenye yokuqala yenziwe zizahluko ezi-5; ukwenza a isishwankathelo sovelwano intlanganiso iba kwikhaya likagqirha othile uHipólito; apho iindwendwe zakhe zibona umzobo, apho isiqwenga sephepha apho bafunda khona iingcaphulo zamabali kaHoffman, abhalwe yindoda egama linguFernando Valle, ibamba ingqalelo yabo.
UGqr. Hipólito uqala ukubalisa uthotho lweziganeko ezenzeka ngelixa wayesebenza njengogqirha kumkhosi wenkululeko ngexesha lemfazwe neFransi. Kule noveli kubhekiselwa kubantu ababini basemkhosini, owokuqala ubizwa ngokuba nguMlawuli u-Enrique Flores kunye nowayesakuba nguMlawuli uFernando Valle.
Ngamnye uchazwa ngeempawu kunye neemeko ezikhethekileyo, uFlores wayemncinci, ephuma kusapho olulungileyo, efundiswe ngomzimba onomtsalane kunye nobubele kunyango. Ethandwa ngabaphantsi kunye noyena mkhulu kwaye unomdla kubafazi, apho wayenandipha i-streak enhle kakhulu.
Ngokwenxalenye yakhe, uMlawuli uValle wayechasene neFlores, enganikwanga kakuhle kakhulu ngokwasemzimbeni, ukubonakala kwakhe kwakugula kwaye kwabanye kwakuyenyanyeka; kwakhona ukusuka kwintsapho elungileyo kodwa abanekratshi kwezinye iimeko, yingakho abantu abaninzi bemgatya kwaye bamkhanyele, kunye nokuba nobudlelwane kunye neengcamango zenkululeko.
Intlanganiso yokuqala
Kule nxalenye yokuqala ye isishwankathelo sovelwano amacandelo omkhosi afika esixekweni kwaye uMphathi uValle wayekho, owaya kuhlangana nezalamane ezazihlala kule ndawo. Kwelakhe icala, uEnrique Flores, owayesoloko ehamba naye, wambuza ngokufun’ ukwazi ukuba sasiyintoni isizathu sotyelelo nolonwabo; UFernando waphendula wathi ubone umza wakhe, owayitsala ingqalelo yakhe.
Umchaza njengengelosi, intombazana enhle kwaye evuya kakhulu; UEnrique wambuza ukuba unokudibana nini naye noFernando, ngenxa yoxabiso awayenalo ngoEnrique, wagqiba kwelokuba amthabathe baye kuye kwangolo suku. Ukufika kwabo kwindawo awayehlala kuyo umzala, badibana okokuqala nomakazi wejoni, uMariana, owayekunye nomhlobo wentombi yakhe.
Le ndoda yazisa uIsabel noClemencia, umhlobo owayekufuphi nabo; bobabini bathabatheke bubuhle buka-Enrique kwaye abazange bayeke ukumjonga. Nangona kunjalo uFernando waqaphela iinkcukacha kwaye wahlala ethule ngaphandle kokwenza naluphi na uhlobo lwezimvo; Emva kwethuba baye bahlala egadini bobabini.
Ukufuna ukwazi kukaClemence
Xa amajoni emka kumabhinqa, athetha ngoFernando noEnrique, esalatha inkangeleko kaFernando egulayo. Noko ke, uClemencia wathi inkangeleko yakhe yayingelozothe kangako; kunjalo, kuba Isabel kwakungemnandanga, ngokuchaseneyo izimvo zakhe malunga Enrique yayiyindumiso kunye umtsalane, zombini ukudumisa ubuhle bakhe kunye nenkangeleko.
U-Enrique waqala ukuthetha ngomzala wakhe kunye nendlela angathanda ukumzuza ngayo; Oku kwabangela urhano olukhulu kuFernando, ebonisa uthando awayenalo ngaye. Nangona kunjalo, u-Enrique waqonda isimo sengqondo sikaFernando waza wamxelela ukuba unendlela ekhululekile yokumoyisa kwaye uya kuhlala eClemencia enhle.
Ukudibana kwakhona
Ngosuku olulandelayo bobabini bagqiba kwelokuba babuyele kuninakazi kaFernando, bamkelwa nguIsabel ngokwakhe, owabonisa iintloni ezimangalisayo. Emva kwexesha uClemencia wayeza kufika kwaye ngelo xesha u-Enrique waqala ukuthetha ngeziganeko zemfazwe kunye nokuziphatha koluntu lwaseMexico.
Kwenye yezo anecdotes kunye nokuhambelana nesishwankathelo sikaClemencia, uFernando wacinga ukuba uhlehlisiwe, ekubeni yonke ingqalelo yayijoliswe ku-Enrique kunye namabali akhe. Ukuthoba umoya kancinci, uClemencia wacela u-Isabel ukuba adlale ipiyano, kuba ngokutsho kwakhe wayidlala kakuhle kakhulu.
Amanqaku avakaliswa kwipiyano adlulisela iimvakalelo zenkumbulo nothando kuClemencia, noko ke, uIsabel uphawula indlela ababethetha ngayo bobabini yaye babenekhwele lokubabona bethetha kunye; nangona kunjalo, uFernando wasixabisa isimo sengqondo sika-Isabel ngandlel’ ithile yaye wayexhalabele indlela awabona ngayo u-Enrique noClemencia.
Emva kokuba uClemencia egqibile ukudlala ipiyano, u-Isabel naye ugqiba kwelokuba adlale into ethile, ekubeni naye wayengumdlali obalaseleyo weso sixhobo. Ngelo xesha, u-Enrique wasondela kuye waza wathetha okuthile endlebeni yakhe, oku kwabangela ukuba ayeke ngokukhawuleza ukudlala isixhobo, kodwa waqhubeka wayigqiba ingoma.
Uthando phakathi kuka-Enrique noClemencia
U-Enrique wasincoma isipho sika-Isabel, ngoxa uFernando wayecinga ngeenguqu zothando nezinye izinto ezingabalulekanga. UClemencia wabonisa ukuba amanqaku ka-Isabel azisa iinyembezi kuFernando, waza waba neentloni, ecinga ukuba akukho mntu umbonileyo.
Ekupheleni kobusuku, ubudlelwane obuthile buqatshelwe phakathi kuka-Isabel no-Enrique; Ngokuchasene noko, uFernando akazange afumane naluphi na uhlobo lothando oluvela kumzala, kodwa uClemencia wathi ndlela-ntle ku-Enrique ngendlela ebanda kakhulu waza uFernando wolula isandla sakhe.
Ukushiya indlu, u-Enrique wachaza uFernando ukuba isivumelwano sasingesona sifanelekileyo kwaye waqaphela ukuba u-Isabel wayenomdla kuye; ngelixa wamxelela ukuba wabona eClemencia umtsalane omkhulu kuye. Ukufika kwakhe ekhaya uFernando wachitha ubusuku bonke ecinga ngoClemencia nothando awayenalo ngesicengcelezo sakhe lwalusiya luphela ngokuthe ngcembe.
enye intlanganiso
Ngosuku olulandelayo kwabakho enye intlanganiso kwaClemencia, wayefuna unxibelelwano oluthile noFernando. Wacinga malunga nokuba enze isigqibo sokuzama kunye naye, kwelinye icala ngexesha lesidlo uFernando noClemencia babejongene etafileni kwaye u-Enrique ejongene no-Isabel.
Xa babehambisa iwayini, uFernando waphawula ukuba uClemencia wayejonge u-Enrique ngomona; ngoko nangoko, waqalisa ukufuna incoko noFernando, ngelo xesha yaye emva kokutya, uClemencia wanikela uFernando ukuba amse epasejini ukuze amnike intyatyambo eyisikhumbuzo.
Umzala wathi wayevuya kakhulu kwaye oku kwadala amathandabuzo kumhlobo wakhe, owacinga ukuba kwakunokwenzeka njani ukuba azuze ingqalelo ka-Enrique. Emva koko wacinga ukuba akatsalwanga kangako nguFernando waza wagqiba kwelokuba athandwe nguEnrique.
Umdlalo
Ngenye imini uIsabel wafika kwaClemencia waza wamxelela ukuba wonwabe gqitha ekubeni uEnrique emcelile, nangona kunjalo, uClemencia umxelela ukuba akazithembi izinto zala madoda. Nangona kunjalo, u-Isabel uyamthanda kakhulu u-Enrique, kwaye uClemencia wayeqalise uhlobo lobudlelwane noFernando, kodwa kuye kwaba kuphela ngenxa yesisa kwaye akukho nto.
Emva kweveki uIsabel uye wafowunela uClemencia ukuba ammemele endlini yakhe, xa efika wamfumana elila, kuba uEnrique wayegqibe kwelokuba aphume edolophini, wamcela ukuba ahambe naye ashiye unina. Wacela nomqondiso wothando ukuze akwazi ukuhamba ngoxolo.
Esazi ukuba wayethetha ukuthini, u-Isabel wamkhuphela ngaphandle kwendlu waza wavakalelwa kukuba wayeza kufa; umhlobo wakhe uClemencia wamxelela ukuba wenze into elungileyo, kodwa uIsabel wayesamthanda uEnrique.
Unokwandisa ulwazi lwakho loncwadi ngokufunda inqaku Isishwankathelo seNkunzi yeLusu eliShiny, apho kuchazwa izibakala ezibalulekileyo.
umdaniso weKrisimesi
Umbhiyozo kaDisemba uya kuba kwindlu kaClemencia kwaye ngenxa yoku u-Enrique wagqiba ekubeni adanise naye, eshiya uFernando yedwa, wayesoyika ukuba kukho into eyenzekayo phakathi kuka-Enrique noClemencia, kuba kwiintsuku zamva nje u-Enrique wayetyelela ikhaya lakhe izihlandlo ezininzi.
Kwenye yeemeko, uFernando wabukela njengoko uClemencia wanika u-Enrique umzobo ngefoto kunye neqhekeza leenwele, apho uClemencia wayemkhanyele uFernando. Oku kwamophula, nangona kunjalo, wahamba kwaye xa beqala ukumkhangela, bamfumana ekoneni, wathatha ingalo yakhe waza wacela umngeni kwiqabane lakhe lomkhosi kwi-duel.
Ingxaki kaFerdinand
Ngosuku olulandelayo u-Enrique wamangalela uFernando phambi kwenjengele, owamkhalimela ngokuzama ukudala impixano phakathi kwezi zibini; Ngokukhawuleza wabanjwa waza wavalelwa de ibutho lamajoni layishiya iGuadalajara. UFernando wayecinga ukuba ekuphela kwento awayenokuyenza kukuzibulala, kodwa umhlobo wakhe ugqirha wamxelela ukuba zazikho ezinye iindlela zokucombulula le ngxaki; Wabonisa ukuba wayenokuzivumela ukuba afele edabini.
Ngexesha longquzulwano kwaye njengenxalenye yale nto ibalulekileyo Isishwankathelo sovelwano, iintshaba zaziseGuadalajara; Abantu basaba yaye uIsabel, uClemencia, uMariana nezinye izalamane babekwisithuthi sexesha. Inqwelo yachithwa kwaye imikhosi yaseMexico yambamba umqhubi, owamiswa ngokuchanekileyo nguFernando, owabanceda waza wafumana enye inqwelo; ngenxa yoko kwafuneka ayishiye imikhosi.
UFernando waxelela umqhubi wenqwelomoya ukuba angathethi nto aze ahambe, kodwa uyise kaClemencia wayibona inqwelo yalapho waza wabuza umqhubi ukuba kwenzeke ntoni.
Wamxelela ukuba umphathi-mkhosi wamnceda, uClemencia wacinga ukuba ngu-Enrique, ngoko uncedo lukaFernando lwathathwa njengokungcatshwa ngumkhosi.
Indlela eya eZapotlan
UFernando wasiwa eZapotlán ukuze agwetyelwe, nangona kunjalo amanye amajoni athetha inyaniso ngesenzo sikaFernando aza azisola ngokumbamba, kunye nokuziva enetyala, ngaloo ndlela xa uClemencia wafumanisayo, wayemgatya.
Ebudeni betyala, uFernando wazithethelela waza wachaza isizathu sokusaba kwakhe, ngoko umphathi-mkhosi waqonda ukuba nguFernando owayeyigcinile loo nqwelo kungekhona uFlores. Ingxelo yokugqibela yabonisa ukuba umngcatshi oyinyaniso yayingu-Enrique Flores; Ngoko nangoko bathumela ukuba abanjwe waza wasiwa eColima ukuze agwetywe.
Inkqubo kunye nentlungu
Kule nxalenye yesishwankathelo sikaClemencia, uFernando wasala ephethe u-Enrique, abanye bazama ukumxelela ukuba aziphindezele, kodwa wala. Intsapho kaClemencia ifumanisa okwenzekileyo kwaye igqiba ekubeni inikele ngayo nantoni na efunekayo ukuze ingasiwa ekufeni; ngale ndlela banikela ngesiqingatha semali yabo ngokucelwa nguClemencia, ekubeni wayenokuzibulala.
UClemencia wayengakholelwa ukuba u-Enrique wayengumngcatshi, kwaye wacinga nge-calumny kwicala likaFernando; Kwakhona wayecinga ukuba ilishwa likaFlores yayilityala lakhe ngokuthandana kwakhe. Emva koko waqalisa ukuba nenzondo nokungxola ngoFernando.
Utyelelo lukaClemence
UClemencia oselula waya kutyelela indoda yasemkhosini entolongweni, exhaswa ngumama wakhe nomhlobo wakhe; ukuphelelwa lithemba kwale ndoda yaba kukucela ityhefu kubo ukuze ibulale ubomi bayo kwaye ingaphumeleli ekubulaweni. Ekuphumeni kwakhe entolongweni, uClemencia wathetha noFernando yaye emkrokrela ukuba uxoke ngothando lwakhe.
Le meko yamtshabalalisa uFernando; noko ke, ngobunye ubusuku xa u-Enrique wayesesiseleni sakhe, uFernando wafika waza wamkhulula engakhange aqale amxelele ukuba kwakungenxa yothando lukaClemencia; kodwa wayigcina imilinganiselo yokungcatsha. Ukubhabha, iimpahla zatshintshwa kwaye u-Enrique wabalekela kwindlu kaClemencia.
Intlanganiso namanenekazi
Ukufika kwabo endlwini, uIsabel noClemencia bavuya; U-Enrique wagqabaza ngoko uFernando wamenzela kona, ngoko wabacela ihashe ukuze abalekele eGuadalajara, apho wayeza kukhuseleka ngakumbi; Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba ahambe, wabaxelela inyaniso ngobuqhophololo bokunceda amaFrentshi.
Ukuva oku, uClemencia wamgatya waza wacinga ngako konke ukugatywa ngokungafanelekanga awakwenza kuFernando. Kwakhona, uyise wafumanisa ukuba uFernando nguye owayencedise kwinqwelo kunye nomdibanisi we-Enrique yokubaleka; UValle wabanjwa waza wagwetyelwa ukufa.
Uyise kaClemencia, owayehlawule isiqingatha semali yakhe, wabuyiselwa imali yaye ngaphambi kokuba afe, uFernando waxelela uGqr. Hipólito lonke ibali, ukuze abantu bazi ngokwenene inyaniso yobomi bakhe. Kwakhona, wanika uyise kaClemencia ileta, ihashe awayelizuzele inkwenkwe ekharejiweyo kunye nephepha elinezicatshulwa ezimbini zikaHoffman ezishwankathela ubomi bakhe.
Ukubulawa
UClemencia wazama ukungena kwisisele sikaFernando ukuze amtyelele aze acele uxolo, kodwa akuzange kwenzeke. Kwindandatho eyayisa uFernando ekubulaweni, wazama ukufikelela kuye kodwa kwakungenakwenzeka, isihlwele sasisikhulu kakhulu, wayekhala ezama ukufikelela kuye kodwa akazange akwazi.
Ngawo onke amandla awayenawo wakwazi ukufikelela kumphambili kaFernando wamjonga emehlweni, wayengakwazi ukuthetha ngenxa yovalo; emva koko kwavakala ukukhutshwa kwaye uFernando wawa wafa phantsi; UClemencia waphela isiqaqa, utata wathatha isitshixo seenwele zentombazana eselula wasibeka phezu komzimba woMlawuli uFernando Valle.
Wavuka wathatha iinwele zikaFernando emphuza waza wathi nguye obefanele ukumthanda, esiwa iinyembezi neenyembezi. Kamva uFerdinand wazukiswa njengomfeli-nkolo waza wangcwatywa yintsapho kaClemencia.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga neminye imisebenzi yoncwadi, siyakumema ukuba ufunde inqaku elilandelayo, kunye nelinye ibali elikhulu oya kulithanda ngokuqinisekileyo, UGqirha ukuya kwiintonga.
inxalenye yokugqibela
Kule nxalenye yenoveli kwaye njengenxalenye yokugqibela ye Isishwankathelo sovelwano, UGqr. Hipólito, ezalisekisa isithembiso sikaFernando, wadlulisela ileta yale ndoda entsatsheni; Yayizimini zokubhiyoza edolophini kwaye umkhosi wotshaba wawuhamba ezitalatweni. Apho uEnrique wayebonakala encwasa oodade boFernando.
Uyise nomama kaFernando bawa xa befunda le leta kwaye ngakumbi kuba yayilusuku lokuzalwa lukayise kaFernando, lo mbhiyozo wajika waba lulwandle lweenyembezi kunye nokulila. Inoveli iphela xa uClemencia engena kwi-convent eba ngudade wesisa, egcina kuphela iinwele zikaFernando, azigcinele ubomi bonke kwi-reliquary, enethemba lokuxolelwa kwakhe ngenye imini.
Abalingiswa
UClemencia, uIsabel, uFernando Valle, uEnrique Flores, uyise kaClemencia, uMnu. R. Inkwenkwe, umama, oodade boClemencia, uGqr. Hipólito, noMnu. Hoffman. Nganye kuzo zonke iinyani ezingeyonyani, kodwa ngeprotagonism enkulu; Siyathemba ukuba esi sishwankathelo sikaClemencia siya kunceda ukuqonda ngcono inqanaba loncwadi lwale noveli.