Ukurisayikilisha ialuminiyam ngomnye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwenkunkuma, ngokunjalo Inkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo kunye ne-inorganic, kuba zombini zizinto eziluncedo phantse kuyo yonke into esingqongileyo, nto leyo ebangela ungcoliseko olukhulu ukuba aziphinda zisetyenziswe.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa kukho ukurisayikilishwa kwealuminiyam?
Ihlabathi elimangalisayo lenguqu apho esi sixhobo siguqulwa sibe zizinto ezahlukeneyo kakhulu eziza kuzalisekisa umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ebomini bomntu, uhamba ngenkqubo ephawulekayo apho inyibilikiswa ngenjongo yokonga kunye nokuchitha imali encinci, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba Inkqubo yayiza kuvela nge-electrolysis ye-alumina / Al2O3/ eyenzeka ngokutsalwa kwemigodi ye-bauxite kwaye uyicokise ngononophelo olukhulu.
I-aluminiyam ephinde yasetyenziswa isuka ekuchetyweni kwezityalo nezityalo ezinkulu ze-aluminiyam, njengezinto ezifumaneka kwikhaya lethu okanye kwiofisi yethu, ukusuka kwizikhongozeli zesoda pop, imida yesakhiwo sendlu, ifenitshala, amakhonkco ombane, iibhayisekile, iiPC kunye nezixhobo ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye neendidi.
El ukurisayikilisha ialuminiyam ifuna kuphela i-5% yobunzima obunokubuthatha ukudala i-aluminiyam evela emgodini. Ngenxa yoko, malunga ne-31% yayo yonke i-aluminiyam evela e-United States ivela kwi-scrap scrap.
Yayiyinto eqhelekileyo ukusukela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX kwaye yayisetyenziswa ixesha elininzi ngexesha leMfazwe yeSibini yeHlabathi, ngoko ke ukuphinda kusetyenziswe i-aluminiyam ayisiyonye ipateni, kuba ibisoloko ikhona. Phinda usebenzise.
Kunokuqatshelwa ukuba kuphela ekupheleni konyaka we-1960 le nkqubo yayingumsebenzi omncinci kakhulu, uvusa umdla ngendlela ephawulekayo ngokusetyenziswa kwezikhongozeli eziza neemveliso ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, kwakusukela ngoko ukuba yonke into yatshintsha kwaye. iye yanikezela ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha kwesi sixhobo simangalisayo.
Inkqubo yokurisayikilishwa kweAluminiyam inyathelo ngenyathelo
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi indlela yokurisayikilisha iinkonkxa zealuminiyam inyathelo nenyathelo, siyibonisa apha ngendlela elula:
qokelela i-aluminiyam
Esi sisigaba sokuqala kwinkqubo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe ialuminiyam egqityezelwayo emva kokugcinwa kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma okanye kwizikhongozeli.
Yisuse kwiplanti yokusetyenziswa kwakhona
Igqitywe kwiilori zokuqokelela, apho i-aluminiyam ibekwe yodwa kwiimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo ezingcolisayo kunye neediphozithi, zikhuhlwe kwaye ziphawulwe kwaye zihlanganiswe kwizikwere ezidibeneyo.
isisombululo se-aluminium
Ngale nkqubo, ifunwa kwizityalo ukuba xa inyibilika i-aluminium, isebenza ngenjongo yokwenza amanqaku kunye neentlobo ezininzi zezinto eziluncedo kakhulu kwikhaya, iinkampani, iofisi kunye namanye amaziko afanelekileyo.
Inzuzo
El ukurisayikilisha ialuminiyam ubukhulu becala ibonelela ngokuthanda oovimba abalunge kakhulu kunye namandla abalulekileyo, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, xa iindleko zokuqokelelwa, ukwahlula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kuqwalaselwa. Ngokunjalo, zisetyenziswa kuzwelonke ngenxa yokuncipha kwenkunzi ebalulekileyo ukuxhasa nokuthutha imathiriyeli ekrwada.
Iinzuzo ze-ikholoji zokuphinda usebenzise i-aluminiyam nazo ziyamangalisa. Kuphela i-5% ye-carbon dioxide idalwe ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwakhona ngokungafaniyo nokudalwa kwe-aluminium kwizinto eziluhlaza.
Oku kuba ngumlinganiselo ophantsi ngakumbi xa ipateni epheleleyo yokukhutshwa kwayo emgodini kunye nokuthutha kwayo kwisityalo sokudala. Ukubumba isikhongozelo se-aluminiyam esenziwe ngokutsha kufuna ama-95% amandla angaphantsi kunoko kulindelekileyo kwizinto ezingekasetyenziswa.
I-Aluminiyam inokuphinda isetyenziswe
Ngoku kuphakama umbuzo Irisayikilishwa njani ialuminiyam? bona olu luhlu lwezinto eziya kukuvumela ukuba ukwenze ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo nepheleleyo. Ukuba ufuna ukuyenza ngeziselo ezithambileyo ezingena kwizikhongozeli ze-aluminiyam, ziphinda zisetyenziswe ngale ndlela ilandelayo:
- Ukwenza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona iinkonkxa zealuminium, baqala bebodwa kwiintsalela ezomeleleyo ngokwesiqhelo kusetyenziswa isahluli sombane wombane.
- Izikhongozeli zisikwa zibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci alinganayo ukukhawulela umthamo kunye nokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwezandla ngoomatshini abasebenza ngezinto.
- La malungu acocwa ngokokwenziwa okanye ngokuchaneka.
- Ezi shards zenziwe zibe zizikwere ezinkulu ukunciphisa impembelelo ye-oxidation xa ithambile, njengoko umphezulu we-aluminium oxidizes ngokukhawuleza xa ukhutshwa kwi-oxygen.
- Izikwere zipakishwe kwizifudumezi ezinefuthe eliphezulu kwaye zifudunyezwe ukuya kuma-750°C ± 100°C ukufumana ialuminiyam etyhidiweyo.
- I-slag kunye ne-hydrogen ebolileyo iyakhutshwa kwaye ikhutshwe. Ialuminiyam elulwelo yahlula ngokukhawuleza i-hydrogen kumphunga wamanzi kunye nezingcolisi ze-hydrocarbon.
- Uvavanyo lwenziwa kuphando lwe-spectroscopic oluya kuxhomekeka kwisiphumo sokugqibela esifunwayo, i-aluminiyam yokulunga ephezulu yongezwa kumxube ukufikelela kwiinkcukacha ezanelisayo ze-amalgam.
- I-5 esetyenziswa kakhulu i-aluminium compounds ngokucacileyo i-2024, i-7075 i-aluminium, i-1100, i-6063 kunye ne-6061 ye-aluminium.
- I-heater enefuthe eliphezulu ivuliwe, i-aluminium engamanzi iyasuswa kwaye inkqubo iphinda iphindwe kwelinye iqela le-scrap.
- Kuxhomekeka kwinto yokugqibela, isenokuphoswa kwiingcingo, kwimixokelelwano, okanye kwimivalo njengezikwere ezinkulu zokugquma, ukutshiza, ukukhupha, okanye ukuthuthwa ikwimeko engamanzi ukuya kwezinye iindawo zokuhlanganisana.
Ukuveliswa kwe-ingot usebenzisa ii-furnaces ze-reverberatory
I-aluminium ye-Scrap ibekwe yodwa kuluhlu lweentlobo: i-aluminium edibeneyo, i-aluminium ene-ferrous, i-aluminiyam ecocekileyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha ze-ingot yokuphosa efunekayo, uhlobo lwe-scrap oluza kusetyenziswa ekubunjweni luya kuxhomekeka.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iqhekeza lesinyithi lifakwe kwiziko lokubuyisela (kukho izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo ezingenangqondo okanye ezinobungozi obuninzi) kwaye inyibilikiswe ukwenza oko kubhekwa njengebhafu.
Isinyithi esilulwelo sijongwa kusetyenziswa i-spectroscope ukufumanisa ukuba luhlobo luni lokucokisa eyona nto kulindeleke ukuba yenziwe. Emva kokucocwa, umxube unokujongwa ngamaxesha ambalwa ongezelelweyo ukutshintsha izinto eziphathekayo kwizibonakaliso ezicacileyo.
Ngomzuzu xa i-amalgam efanelekileyo ifunyenwe, isifudumezi siyavulwa kwaye sithotywe kwi-ingot molds, ngomatshini wokusika. Izinto ezingamanzi zivumelekile ukuba zipholile, zipakishwe kwaye zithengiswe njenge-ingot ye-aluminium kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo ukuze ziphinde zilungiswe.
Ukurisayikilishwa okwesibini kwealuminiyam
I-slag eveliswayo ngenxa yendalo ebalulekileyo ye-aluminiyam emhlophe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokuzikhethela kusekho inqanaba elibalulekileyo lentsimbi enokususwa ngoomatshini.
Le nkqubo ibangela ukuba i-aluminiyam iphendule ngamanzi, ngaloo ndlela ikhupha umxube wegesi odibanisa i-hydrogen, i-acetylene kunye ne-ammonia, enokuthi ifike ngokungalindelekanga emoyeni.
Ukuqhagamshelana nomoya omanzi kubangela ukufika kwamanyathelo aphawulekayo egesi ye-ammonia. Ngaphandle kwale mingeni, nangona kunjalo, le nkunkuma isetyenzisiwe njengendawo yokuzalisa isamente okanye ikhonkrithi yeasphalt.
Iinyani ezonwabileyo malunga nokuphinda kusetyenziswe ialuminiyam
Ialuminiyam yenye yezinto ezintathu ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiplanethi kunye nentsimbi kunye nentsimbi. Ukongeza, ngokubanzi, iqhele ukuba sesinye sezona zixhobo ziyingxaki ukuba siphinde sizisebenzise, kuba sicinga ukuba ngenxa yokudalwa kwayo kunye noko kubonakala ngathi ayinakusetyenziswa ngokuphinda isetyenziswe.
Nangona kunjalo oku kuphosakele, i-aluminiyam iphinda isetyenziswe, kungekhona kwiimali esinokuzifuna, nangona kunjalo yipateni enenkqubela phambili ehamba phambili kwii-odolo ezininzi zentlalo, uluntu lwasezidolophini kunye nothungelwano kwihlabathi jikelele.
Kuyagxininiswa ukuba ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ialuminiyam akufuneki kwenziwe kuphela kwinqanaba lomatshini kunye nezixhobo ezithile zokuphinda zisetyenziswe, kodwa ukuyenza ekhaya kulula, kufuneka ubeke ecaleni izitya, ukupakishwa, ifoyile ye-aluminium kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo zolu lwazi. ufumana ekhayeni lakho, endlwini, emotweni, esikolweni okanye eyunivesithi apho uziqeqeshela khona.
Ukubaluleka kokuphinda kusetyenziswe i-aluminiyam akupheleli nje ekuthinteleni i-aluminiyam ekubeni ishiywe ilele kwinkunkuma kwaye ibole ixesha elide okanye amakhulu eminyaka, kodwa ikwanceda ekuthobeni indleko yokukhupha esi sixhobo kwasekuqaleni. . .
Ngokufanayo, yinto engalahlekelwa yimpahla emva kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe. Oku kuthetha kuzo zonke iinjongo kunye neenjongo zokuba yonke i-aluminiyam esetyenziswe kwishishini loshishino iphinda isetyenziswe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ayisetyenziswa njani kwakhona kwinqanaba lokuhlala.
Ukurisayikilishwa kwentsalela ye-aluminiyam
I-aluminiyam eyongezelelweyo kwindalo yakho ekhethekileyo ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yi-aluminium sparkles okanye i-aluminiyam yokufafaza. Ngendlela efanayo, kunye nezinye izinto, iphinda isetyenziswe kwinqanaba lomatshini ngenxa yokuyihlukanisa kwi-contamination kunye nenkunkuma enokuthi iqulethe.
Le nkqubo idla ngokubizwa ngokuba kukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwe-aluminiyam ngokuzikhethela, into iyaqokelelwa, icocwe, ipakishwe kwaye yenziwe izikwere, ekugqibeleni ithanjiswe kwizifudumezi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu.
Amaxwebhu malunga nokurisayikilisha ialuminiyam
Njengoko ubona, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwe-aluminium yinto esinokuyenza zombini ukusuka kwikhaya lethu, kwiofisi, esikolweni okanye kwiyunivesiti, ngenjongo yokuba le mpahla emva koko ixhume kwimigca emikhulu yokuvelisa kwaye iphinde isetyenziswe apho ihlanjululwe khona, igxininiswe, iqokelelwe. , ukutyunyuzwa ekugqibeleni ukunyibilika kunye namaphepha e-aluminium angenziwa.
Ngenxa yolu kusetyenziswa kwakhona, iziphumo ze-carbon dioxide ziyancipha ukuya kwi-95%, ngoku ngokuqinisekileyo uyayazi intsingiselo ephambili yokuphinda usebenzise le nto. Njenge-aluminium, kuyenzeka kwakhona ngokuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri, apho zininzi izinyithi zitsalwa kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswe kwakhona ukuya kuthi ga kwi-96% ye-mercury, umzekelo.
