Umfundi uvakalelwa kukuba uncothulwe kwinyani eyolisayo kodwa akahlukani nayo kwaye ukanti uthathwa lilizwe lentelekelelo eliziva limiliselwe kwinkcubeko nakwizithethe zakhe nakuyo yonke into ayifumene ngemfundo esesikweni, konke oku kuphumeza Ubunyani bomlingo.
Ubunyani bomlingo
Ubunyani bomlingo yintshukumo yoncwadi oluphawu lwalo lufanelekileyo kukuqhawuka kokwenyani ngesiganeko esimangalisayo esichazwe ngendlela eyinyani ngaphakathi kwingxelo.
Umbhali waseVenezuela uArturo Uslar Pietri wayengowokuqala ukusebenzisa eli gama libhekiselele kuncwadi kumsebenzi wakhe othi "Iincwadi kunye namadoda aseVenezuela", eyapapashwa okokuqala ngqa ngo-1947. UPietri wavuma kamva ukuba ibinzana elithi Umlingo Wenyani lithathwe lingekho zingqondweni. ukusuka kumsebenzi we-1925 ngumhlalutyi wezobugcisa waseJamani uFranz Roh, owasebenzisa i-Magischer Realismus (Ubunyani bomlingo) ngokubhekiselele kwisitayile somzobo owaziwa ngokuba yi-Neue Sachlichkeit (INjongo eNtsha).
NgokukaRoh, ubunyani bomlingo bunxulumene ne-surrealism, kodwa yayingafani, kuba ubunyani bomlingo bugxile ngaphezu kwayo yonke into ebonakalayo kunye nobunyani bezinto zehlabathi, ngokungafaniyo nombono ocacileyo, onjengephupha, wengqondo kunye nokungazi kwi-surrealism. . |
Umbhali waseMexico kunye nomgxeki woncwadi uLuis Leal uye wayenza lula inkcazo esithi yayingacaci kwaye ukuba inokuchazwa yayingeyonyani yomlingo kwaye wongeza ukuba umbhali ngamnye uveza ubunyani ngokwendlela ayitolika ngayo kwinto ayijongayo ebantwini kwaye uyigcina loo nto. ubunyani bomlingo yindawo ecingelwa ngabalinganiswa kwibali malunga nehlabathi nendalo.
Kwelakhe icala, uArturo Uslar Pietri kwi “Letter and Men of Venezuela” wachaza “indoda njengemfihlelo engqongwe ziinyani zokwenene. Ingqikelelo yombongo okanye ukukhanyela okwembongo kwenyani. Yintoni ngenxa yokungabikho kwelinye igama kunokubizwa ngokuba yinyani yomlingo. Ngaphandle kokungacaci kwenkcazelo ka-Uslar Pietri, eli gama libe nefuthe elikhulu kubafundi njengoko belichonga ngendlela yabo yokuziva intsomi yaseLatin America.
Abanye abagxeki bagcina ukuba ubunyani bomlingo lukwahluka kobunyani obusulungekileyo, kuba bubonisa iingxaki zoluntu lwaseMelika ngokuchaza abalinganiswa abaqhelekileyo kunye neendawo, umahluko uya kuba kukuba eli sebe lokwenyani lisebenzisa ukubaxwa kweziganeko zokwenyani ngokuzixuba nomlingo ngokwawo. yabantu baseLatin America, ngakumbi abantu baseIbero-America.
Ubunyani bomlingo bunempembelelo evela kwi-psychoanalysis kunye nentshukumo ye-surrealist eYurophu, kwimiba yayo ye-oneiric, ukungabi nangqondo kunye nokungabi nalwazi, kunye neempembelelo ezicacileyo zeenkcubeko zamaIndiya aseMelika ngaphambi kokufika kwabanqobi, ngakumbi kwiziganeko zamandla angaphezu kwendalo ezinxulumene noko. iintsomi kunye neentsomi zabo.
Ubunyani bomlingo buvele njengempendulo yenyani, iindigenist kunye neentshukumo zengingqi ezazilawula kude kube ngoko, kodwa ngaphandle kokuyeka ukuba neempawu zezo ntshukumo. Ababhali bakhuthazwe zizidubedube zezopolitiko kulo mmandla ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo, kungoko ukugxekwa kwezentlalo nezopolitiko kwakuyinto engagungqiyo edityaniswe neziganeko ezimangalisayo nezingalindelekanga.
UArturo Uslar Pietri ubalaselisa ukubaluleka kokwahlula ngokupheleleyo ubunyani bomlingo obuvele eLatin America phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela kunye nezinye iindlela okanye imisebenzi ebonakala ngathi iyafana, njengenoveli ye-chivalric okanye Iwaka kunye nobusuku obunye, kwinyani yomlingo, ngokutsho kweVenezuela Uslar Pietri, inyaniso ayithatyathelwa indawo lihlabathi lemilingo, kodwa into engaqhelekanga yinxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ubunyani bomlingo buzisa ukugxekwa okucacileyo kwezentlalo kunye nezopolitiko, ngakumbi oku kugxekwa kujoliswe kwabaphezulu abalawulayo.
Ukususela kwiminyaka yamashumi amathandathu enkulungwane edlulileyo, ubunyani bomlingo babucingelwa ngababhali boncwadi ngaphandle kwelizwekazi laseLatin America. Ubunyani bomlingo boyisa iiyantlukwano zenkcubeko ngokuthatha utoliko oluqhelekileyo nolusemgangathweni, olusoloko lubaxiweyo kwimida yonyamezelo lwabantu.
Ababhali abaninzi emhlabeni jikelele, kungekuphela nje imvelaphi yaseLatin America, bayinxalenye yentshukumo yobunyani bomlingo, phakathi kwabo baphambili nguMiguel Ángel Asturias, Alejo Carpentier, Gabriel García Márquez, Arturo Uslar Pietri, Isabel Allende, Salmán Rushdie, Lisa St Aubin de Terán , Elena Garro, Juan Rulfo, Louis de Berniéres, Günter Grass, Laura Esquivel.
Iimpawu zobunyani bomlingo
Iimpawu zobunyani bomlingo ziyahluka ukusuka komnye umbhali ukuya komnye kwaye nakwincwadi ethile ukuya komnye. Isicatshulwa esinye sahlukile kwesinye kwaye abanye banokuba nesinye okanye ngaphezulu kweempawu ezidwelisiweyo.
Ubunyani bomlingo kunye nezinto zayo ezintle
Enye yezinto ezisisiseko zobunyani bomlingo kukunyangwa kweemeko ezinomdla njengesiganeko senyaniso yokwenene. Udlulisela iintsomi, iintsomi kunye neentsomi kwizinto eziyinyani zanamhlanje zentlalo. Ngeempawu ezingenakwenzeka ezinikwa abalinganiswa, imalunga nokuseka iinyaniso zezopolitiko zangoku. Izinto ezimangalisayo ziyinxalenye yenyani, umbhali akazidali, uyazifumanisa kuphela kwaye azityhilele kumfundi.
Ukungakhathali koMbali kwiNyaniso yoBugqi
Umbhali akaluvezi ngabom ulwazi kwaye ade alufihle malunga neziganeko ezimangalisayo ezenzekayo. Ibali lilandela ikhondo lalo ngengqiqo ecacileyo, lingayihoyi into yokuba kwenzeke into engaqhelekanga. Iziganeko zamandla angaphezu kwendalo zixelwa ngokungathi zezemihla ngemihla kwaye umfundi uzicingela ngolo hlobo. Ukuzama ukucacisa okungaqhelekanga okanye ukukrwelela okanye ukukhulisa intelekelelo yayo inokuba kukuyenza igunyaziswe.
Umbalisi uveza iinyani ezingalindelekanga nezingekho ngqiqweni ngendalo enkulu, ngaphandle kokuqiqa okanye ukuzicacisela umfundi. Ngamanye amaxesha isenzo siba nababalisi abangaphezulu kwesinye.
Ukudakumba
Umbhali waseCuba u-Alejo Carpentier kumsebenzi wakhe othi "El Barroco y lo Real Maravilloso" unxulumanisa ubunyani bomlingo kunye ne-baroque kwaye uyichaza njengokungabikho kokungabi nanto, ukuhambela kude nezithethe kunye nombutho kunye nokuchulumacha kweenkcukacha kangangokuba kuyaphazamisa. I-Carpentier igcina: "I-Amerika, ilizwekazi le-symbiosis, ukuguquka ... ukungahambi kakuhle, kuvelisa i-baroque."
Indlela Yexesha
Ixesha kwinyani yomlingo alidluli kumgca othe ngqo kwaye alilinganiswa nemilinganiselo eqhelekileyo, ukwaphula ngolandelelwano lwengxelo. Ixesha langaphakathi linikezelwa ngendlela entsha, kusetyenziswa ubuchule bokubalisa obufana nenkumbulo kunye ne-Introspective.
ababhali bokwenene bomlingo
Injongo yababhali baseLatin America yayikukuba nombono omtsha wento kunye nolwimi loncwadi, befuna ukutyhila “loo nto phantse ingaziwayo nephantse ibe yinyani eyayiyiyo yaseLatin America. (...) into eyinyani eyahluke ngokupheleleyo kuleyo ibonakaliswe kwingxelo yaseYurophu” ngokwamazwi kaArturo Uslar Pietri. Abanye ababhali abaphambili bentshukumo yobunyani bomlingo ngaba:
UMiguel Angel Asturias
Wazalelwa eGuatemala. Usebenze kubuntatheli, idiplomacy kunye noncwadi. Wagqama ngokukhathalela kwakhe inkcubeko yemveli yelizwekazi. Wayengomnye wabanduleli be-boom kuncwadi lwaseLatin America. Wayekwanguvulindlela ekugxekeni kwezentlalo nakumgca ophambili kuncwadi. Imisebenzi yakhe igxile ekuqaqambiseni iintsomi kunye neentsomi zelizwekazi laseMelika njengendlela yokulinga kunye nokugxeka intlalo. Imisebenzi yakhe ibandakanya iiLegends zaseGuatemala (1930), Men of Corn (1949) kunye noMnu uMongameli (1946).
UAlejo Carpentier
Wayeyingcali yomculo, umbhali kunye nentatheli yemvelaphi yaseCuba. Wayila ibinzana elithi “ukwenene omangalisayo” kwimisebenzi eyakhiwe ngokwenyani yomlingo. Carpentier uthi:
“Okumangalisayo kuqala ukumangalisa ngokungathandabuzekiyo xa kuvela kwinguqu engalindelekanga yenyaniso, ukusuka ekukhanyeni okungaqhelekanga […] okuqondwa ngamandla athile ngenxa yokuphakanyiswa komoya okukhokelela kwindlela 'yomda'.
Umbhali ugcina ukuba iinyani zaseLatin America, zombini iinyani zobuhlanga, kunye nakwimbali, iimbono, inkcubeko, iinkolo kunye nezopolitiko, zinyanzela umzobi ukuba afune iindlela ezintsha zokumela le nyani. Eyona misebenzi yakhe imele ibuBukumkani beli Hlabathi (1949), Amanyathelo alahlekileyo (1953) kunye neBaroque Concert (1974).
UJulio Cortazar
Wayengumbhali, utishala kunye nomguquleli owazalelwa eArgentina, ngo-1981 ekhalazela ubuzwilakhe bomkhosi owawulawula kwilizwe lakhe, wathatha ubuzwe baseFransi ngaphandle kokulahla iArgentina. Ubunyani bomlingo bukaCortázar buphenjelelwa kakhulu luncwadi lwaseYurophu olufana noKafka, uJoyce, kunye ne-surrealism. Isimbo sakhe esikhethekileyo senza eyona nto ingafanelekanga kwaye imnandi ngokupheleleyo kwaye ikholelwe. Uthathwa njengomnye wabameli ababalulekileyo be-boom kwiincwadi zaseLatin America.
KuCortázar, indlela engekho ngqiqweni kunye nengangqinelaniyo, njengayo yonke enye into, eyinxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla kwaye ngokuyiphonononga, umntu unokufumanisa izinto ezintsha nezingaziwayo eziyinyani kwaye aqhubele phambili. Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe yiLos Premios (1960), iHopscotch (1963), engamashumi amathandathu anesibini, iModel to Assemble (1968) kunye neBestiary (1951).
UJuan Rulfo
Uzalelwe eMexico, wabhala iinoveli, amabali kunye nemibhalo, wazinikela ekufoteni. Indalo kaRulfo yaba yimbalasane kuncwadi lwaseMexico, yaluphelisa uncwadi olwalubhekisela kwimvukelo. Kwimisebenzi yakhe, inyaniso idityaniswe nentelekelelo, ngaphakathi kwemifanekiso yasemaphandleni emva kwenguquko yaseMexico. Abalinganiswa bayo bafanekisela ubume bemeko engqongileyo, begqamisa iingxaki zentlalo nenkcubeko kwisakhelo sehlabathi elimangalisayo.
UGabriel García Márquez ngokwakhe wathi malunga nomsebenzi kaJuan Rulfo Pedro Páramo: "Le yeyona noveli intle kakhulu eyake yabhalwa ngeSpanish", kwaye uJorge Luis Borges wabhala le migca ilandelayo: "UPedro Páramo yincwadi emnandi, kwaye isibheno sayo asinakukwazi. xhathisa. Le yenye yeenoveli ezilungileyo kuncwadi lweSpanish, nakuncwadi ngokubanzi. Phakathi kweyona ncwadi yakhe ibalulekileyo kugqame uPedro Páramo noEl llano en llamas.
UGabriel García Márquez
Wazalelwa eColombia, ukongeza ekubeni ngumbhali wayeziqhelanisa nobuntatheli, wayengumbhali wescreen kunye nomhleli. Owaphumelela iBhaso likaNobel kuNcwadi ngowe-1982. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwakhe njengombhali, imiqondiso yomanyano phakathi komlingo nenyaniso yabonakala kwimisebenzi yakhe, ixuba izibakala zembali kunye nezentsomi. Unike ubomi kwidolophu yaseMacondo esebenza njengesakhelo samabali amaninzi abhalwe nguye. Ngamazwi akhe:
“Inyani yethu (njengabaseLatin America) ayilingani kwaye isoloko ibangela iingxaki ezinzulu kubabhali, nto leyo kukungoneli kwamagama… waqamba izinto, kodwa imilinganiselo yendalo ekhoyo kwihlabathi lethu”.
UGarcía Márquez uqinisekisile ukuba amabali entsomi kunye nentsomi ayinxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla behlabathi awayebazi kwaye ke eneneni "wayengaqalisi kwanto, kodwa wayethatha nje kwaye ebhekisa kwihlabathi leziganeko, unyango, izibikezelo, iinkolelo ... yayiyeyethu kakhulu, kakhulu iLatin America "
Umsebenzi kaGabriel García Márquez Iminyaka Eyikhulu Yokuhlala Yedwa ithathwa njengowona msebenzi ummeli wobunyani bemilingo, ukongeza kuGabo, njengoko wayesaziwa, wabhala imisebenzi ebalulekileyo efana neColonel ayinaye umntu wokumbhalela kunye noLove ku. ixesha lekholera.
Arturo Uslar Pietri
Wayengumbhali waseVenezuela owayesebenzisa ubuntatheli, umthetho, ifilosofi kunye nezopolitiko. Uslar Pietri unikwe imbeko ngokusebenzisa igama elithi "umlingo wobunyani" kuncwadi lwenkulungwane yama-1990 yaseLatin America. Izincoko kunye neenoveli zika-Uslar Pietri zinempembelelo enkulu kubomi benkcubeko yale ngingqi. Ngo-XNUMX wafumana iMbasa yeNkosana ye-Asturias ngokuqaphela umsebenzi wakhe woncwadi. Wachongwa amatyeli amaninzi kwiBhaso leNobel kuLuncwadi. Ngamazwi ka-Uslar Pietri:
“Ukuba ubani ufunda, ngamehlo aseYurophu, inoveli ka-Asturias okanye iCarpentier, ubani unokukholelwa ukuba ngumbono ongengowamvelo okanye isiphazamiso esididayo nesingaqhelekanga.
Kwakungekho malunga nokongezwa kwabalinganiswa abamangalisayo kunye neziganeko, apho kukho imizekelo emininzi emihle ukususela ekuqaleni koncwadi, kodwa malunga nokutyhilwa kwemeko eyahlukileyo, engaqhelekanga, ehambelana neepatheni ezamkelweyo zokwenyani ... Lo mgca It ukusuka kwiiNtsomi zaseGuatemala ukuya kwiKhulu leminyaka yokuba wedwa.”
Yaye uyongezelela: “Oko uGarcía Márquez akuchazayo nebonakala ngathi yinto esulungekileyo, ayiyonto ngaphandle komfanekiso wemeko ekhethekileyo, ebonwa ngamehlo abantu abaphila kuyo nabayidalayo, phantse ngaphandle kotshintsho. Ilizwe lesiCreole lizele ngumlingo ngengqiqo engaqhelekanga nengaqhelekanga”.
Isabel Allende
Umbhali waseChile kunye nombhali wemidlalo yeqonga. Inoveli yakhe yokuqala, iNdlu yeMimoya, ngowona msebenzi wakhe waziwa kakhulu. Lo mbhali udumileyo unika inkangeleko yobufazi kwintshukumo ebonakala ilawulwa ngamadoda, lowo wokwenene womlingo. Ukuqala ngenoveli yakhe yokuqala, u-Allende untywiliselwe kwinyani yomlingo njengoko engena kwimbali yaseChile kunye nekamva layo eligcinayo kwaye elawulwa yi-iron machismo, esebenzisa amava eentsapho ezingezizo ezesiqhelo.
Kumabali abo, inyaniso engcolileyo yeziganeko zezopolitiko kunye neengxaki zentlalo zixutywe kunye neziganeko ezingaqhelekanga ezithathwa ngabantu abahlukeneyo ngokungakhathali kwizinto ezincinci zobomi bemihla ngemihla kwaye ngaloo ndlela balawula ukujamelana neemeko ezinzima.
UJorge Amado
Wayengumbhali waseBrazil, wayenobulungu kwi-Brazilian Academy of Letters. UJorge Amado wajika abasweleyo, abalimi, abasebenzi, abagxothwa ekuhlaleni, oonongogo, nabangenamakhaya baba ngamagorha kunye nabalinganiswa abaphambili kwiinoveli zakhe. Xa wayengumkhosi wamaKomanisi, wafanisa okulungileyo nobuhlwempu nobubi ngobutyebi, kamva wawuguqula loo mbono xa waqondayo ukuba okulungileyo nokubi kuzalwa kwisimo nesimo sengqondo sabantu kungekhona kubuhlwempu okanye ubutyebi.
UJorge Amado wayengumlinganiswa oyintloko we-boom kuncwadi lwaseLatin America kwiminyaka engamashumi amathandathu edlulileyo kwaye uthathwa ngabagxeki njengomnye wabanduleli bayo. Kwimibhalo yakhe uyakwazi ukudibanisa ubunyani bentlalo kunye nentelekelelo, uburharha, inkanuko yesini kunye neemvakalelo ngendlela echanekileyo. Inoveli yakhe ethi Doña Flor y sus dos Hudos kunye nomsebenzi ongumzekelo wobunyani bomlingo.
Elena Garro
Wayengumntu waseMexico ozinikele ekubhaleni imibhalo, amabali, iinoveli kwaye ekwangumbhali wemidlalo yeqonga. Nangona efakwe kwikhathalogu kudidi lobunyani bomlingo kwaye ethathwa njengomnye wabaqambi balo, ulichithile eli gama ecinga ukuba kuphela "yileyibhile yomthengisi". Abalinganiswa bemisebenzi ka-Elena Garro bahamba phakathi kweziganeko zokwenyani kunye nezobubuxoki ngokuza okumangalisayo nokuhamba besukela amaphupha abo.
Ngokutsho kwe<em>Ibero-American Magazine: “Ngokufuthi esekelwe kwizithethe zamandulo, wenza ihlabathi apho imida phakathi kokwenyaniso njengoko siyibona mihla le ithi shwaka; Ngaloo ndlela usinika elinye ihlabathi, mhlawumbi elingeyonyani, kodwa mhlawumbi nelokwenene ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele kwinyaniso yomphefumlo womntu”. Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala Ikhaya eliqinileyo (ithiyetha, 1958), Iinkumbulo zexesha elizayo (inoveli, 1963) kunye neveki yemibala (ibali, 1964), zithathwa ngabagxeki abathile njengezandulela zobunyani bomlingo.
Laura Esquivel
ULaura Esquivel ngumbhali kunye nezopolitiko ozalelwe eMexico. Umsebenzi wakhe ophambili wokubalisa: IComo Agua para Chocolate, uhlelo lwakhe lokuqala lwalungo-1989, idume kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezingaphezulu kwamashumi amathathu kwaye yafotwa ngumyeni wakhe ngelo xesha, umlawuli uAlfonso Arau ngo-1992. Lo msebenzi ubonisa ubunyani bomlingo kwaye uqaqambisa ukubaluleka kwekhitshi njengesiseko sokuqala sosapho kunye nekhaya.
ubunyani bomlingo ekupeyinteni
Kumzobo, ubunyani bomlingo bubhekisa kumanyano lwemihla ngemihla, olucacileyo, olubonakalayo nolunengqiqo ngobunyani obunomlingo, obunyelisayo obufana nephupha, obudala ubunyani obutsha. Le nkonzo yaqala ukusetyenziswa ngumgxeki wezobugcisa uFranz Roh kumsebenzi wakhe i-Post-Impressionism: I-Magical Realism epapashwe ngo-1925. Ngokutsho kukaRoh, ubunyani bomlingo kunye namagcisa ayo acela umngeni kwinyani ecocekileyo ebophelela kuphela kwizinto ezibonakalayo kunye nenjongo kunye nokudala umjelo wonxibelelwano phakathi eqhelekileyo kunye ne-surrealism kunye nesimboli.
Ngaphandle kwemigudu kaFranz Roh, ukugxekwa kobugcisa eYurophu sele kwamkelwa igama elithi New Objectivity (Neue Sachlichkeit). Lo mkhwa wavela emva kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi kwizixeko ezininzi ezikhulu zaseJamani ezidibanisa amagcisa avela eDada. I-Guenther ikhetha ngokukhethayo umntu ofanelekela iNjongo eNtsha kunento eyinyani yomlingo, kucingelwa ukuba le nto intsha inesiseko esisebenzayo, kukho amagcisa aziqhelanisayo nawo, ngelixa ubunyani bomlingo buyithiyori kuphela, inxalenye yentelo yokugxeka.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nombulelo kwimpembelelo yembongi yaseTaliyane, umbhali wemidlalo yeqonga, umbhali wenoveli kunye nomqambi uMassimo Bontempelli, igama elithi ubunyani bomlingo lamkelwa yizangqa zobuGcisa zaseJamani nezamaTaliyane.
ukuphikisa
Amagcisa amaninzi kunye nabahlalutyi, ngakumbi abantu baseYurophu, abavumelani nombono wokuba ubunyani bomlingo kuncwadi lunemvelaphi yaseLatin America.
Umbhali oyinzalelwane yaseAlbania uIsmail Kadaré uhlabela mgama esithi: “Abemi baseLatin America abazange bayile izinto zomlingo. Ibisoloko ikho kuncwadi. Asinakuthelekelela uncwadi lwehlabathi ngaphandle kolu phawu olulodwa. Ngaba unokucacisa iDante's Divine Comedy, imibono yakhe yesihogo ngaphandle kokubhenela kwinyani yomlingo? Ngaba asiyifumani into efanayo eFaust, kwincwadi ethi The Tempest, kuDon Quixote, kwiintlekele zamaGrike apho izulu nomhlaba zisoloko zisongelene?
Kwelakhe icala, uSeymour Menton uthi uGabriel García Márquez waphenjelelwa ngababhali boncwadi lwemveli lobuJuda abanjengoIsaac Bashevis Singer, uAndré Schwarz Bart kunye nababhali abathile bamaJuda abasuka eUnited States ukuba babhale umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa obunye iKhulu leminyaka yokuba wedwa.
Kwakhona owafumana iBhaso leNobel lasePeruvia kuLuncwadi, uMario Vargas Llosa uvakalise ukungavumelani kwakhe nokusetyenziswa kobunyani bomlingo. Kwingxelo ngexesha loMnyhadala woNcwadi waseBerlin, wachaza ukuba akuzange kulunge ukusebenzisa igama elithi ubunyani bomlingo ukuthetha ngeqela lababhali abavela eLatin America.
Ixesha elide (ibinzana elithi ubunyani bomlingo) lalisetyenziswa njengeleyibhile ukuquka zonke iincwadi zaseLatin America, loo nto yayingachanekanga…Ileyibhile yobunyani bomlingo ayisebenzi nokuba ibandakanye ababhali boncwadi oluyintelekelelo njengoJuan Rulfo, (uGabriel) García. Márquez , Julio Cortázar okanye (Jorge Luis) Borges, ngamnye unentsomi yakhe kunye nehlabathi lakhe»
"Kwakukho amaxesha apho kwakukho umkhwa olawulayo onjengokwenyani okanye kamva into ebizwa ngokuba yinyani yomlingo, ngoku akukho, baninzi ababhali abajongana nemixholo eyahluke kakhulu ngobuchule obahlukeneyo, oko kulungile, ngakumbi kwilizwekazi elinobuchwephesha. luphawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kukwahluka
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