Abantu abaninzi abanokukhubazeka okubonakalayo baye banesidingo sokuba neqabane elithembekileyo lokubakhokela kwindlela yabo yokwenza ngcono imisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla, ekufuneka ibe ngumkhokeli okanye inja ekhokelayo. Ngesi sizathu, kweli nqaku uya kufunda yonke into enxulumene nezona ntlobo zibalaseleyo zeZinja zeSikhokelo ezikhoyo kunye nokunye. Siyakumema ukuba uqhubeke ufunda.
Isikhokelo sezinja zeNja
Xa kuziwa kwiintlobo zeenja ezikhokelayo, abaninzi abantu bacinga kuphela enye, i-retriever. Oku kungenxa yokulula koqeqesho lwayo kunye nendlela yokuziphatha enobubele kakhulu kumnini wayo kunye nabanye. Okwangoku, iinzame zenziwe ukuqeqesha izinja zezinye iintlobo, kunye ne-mongrels kunye ne-strays, ukuze kulungiswe iingxaki ezimbini zentlalo ngaxeshanye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhetha izinja kwiindlwana kunye neendawo zokuhlala zezilwanyana kunye nokuqeqesha ukuba bancede abantu abaneentlobo zonke zokukhubazeka, kuquka neengqondo.
Golden Retriever
Luhlobo lwenja olwavela kutshanje kwaye lwavela e-United Kingdom malunga ne-1850. Nangona kunjalo, imixube eyenziwe ukufumana olu hlobo ayikaziwa. Ngenxa yeempawu zenja, ungabheja kukho ijene ye-bloodhound kunye ne-spaniel phakathi kwezinyanya zayo eziye zayenza iqabane lokuzingela eligqwesileyo kwisakhono sayo sokulandelela. Umyili wayo yayinguLord Tweedmouth, umzingeli okhutheleyo weentaka zamanzi. Umdla wakhe njengomzingeli wagqithiswa kuphela ngokuzinikela kwakhe kwizinja zokuzingela.
Kukho ezinye iiyantlukwano phakathi kwamalungu ale British guide dog breed, eqhelekileyo eYurophu nase-Australia, kunye nezo zohlobo lwaseMelika, kwaye ezi zintlukwano zibonakaliswa kwimigangatho yohlobo. Olu hlobo lunamathambo amakhulu, luncinci, lunentloko ye-angular, kwaye i-muzzle idla ngokuba lula. Izinja zomgca waseMelika zikholisa ukuba amehlo azo abekwe kude kunezinja zaseBritane kwaye zinokubonakala zinqumle kwaye zingunxantathu.
Inja yaseBritani inokuba nedyasi enemibala yegolide okanye ekhrimu. Ekuqaleni ukhilimu wawungengombala owamkelekileyo ngokwemigangatho yaseBrithani, kodwa phakathi kwenkulungwane yokugqibela iphethini yatshintshwa ukuze ibandakanye ukhilimu. Oku kukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwafunyaniswa kungachanekanga kwaye inkulungwane yokuqala ye-XNUMXth iYellow Retriever yayikhaphukhaphu ngombala kunokwamkelwa ngokwemigangatho. Izikimu zaseBritane zisetyenziswa kuwo onke amazwe ngaphandle kwe-United States neCanada.
Inzala yaseMelika ithande ukuzola kwaye inde kuneBritish. Ngokubanzi, inengubo eshinyeneyo kunye nengenamanzi, kwimithunzi eyahlukeneyo yegolide eqaqambileyo, inokugudiswa okanye i-wavy kancinci. Idyasi ngokuqhelekileyo imnyama ngaphandle kwaye ilula ngaphakathi. Inyathelo lakho kufuneka libe simahla, libe manzi, libe namandla kwaye lilungelelaniswe kakuhle. Kwelinye icala, baphulukana neenwele unyaka wonke kwaye ngakumbi xa amaxesha onyaka etshintsha. Kucetyiswa ukuba ahlambe iinwele zakhe ubuncinane kanye ngeveki ukususa zonke iinwele ezifileyo, okwenza ingubo yakhe ibe nomtsalane ngakumbi kwaye ibengezele.
Amadoda akhulileyo ahlala ubude be-56-61 cm kwaye anobunzima be-31-36 kg, amabhinqa angama-51-56 cm amancinci kwaye anobunzima be-27-31 kg. Umsila emadodeni uhluka phakathi kwe-45 kunye ne-50 cm, ngelixa kwabasetyhini ihluka phakathi kwe-40 kunye ne-45 cm. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunyamekela ukutya kwazo, kuba kudla ngokuba yindleko ukwenza ezi zinja zinciphise umzimba. Yinja enobudlelwane, enobuhlobo kwaye ethembekileyo, ayinabo ubundlongondlongo ebantwini nakwezinye izinja. Kodwa ukuba uyaqonda ukuba ubomi bakhe okanye intsapho yakhe busesichengeni, uya kuyikhusela xa kuyimfuneko.
La malungu odidi lwezinja ezikhokelayo angamaqabane alungileyo yaye ayabathanda abantwana. Kulula kakhulu ukuqeqesha, ngenxa yobukrelekrele babo kunye nokuzola kwabo badlala kakhulu kwaye xa uqeqesho luba ngumdlalo kulula kakhulu ukwenza oko. Bakrelekrele kakhulu, yiyo loo nto besoloko besetyenziswa njengenxalenye yohlobo lwezinja ezikhokelayo, izinja zokuhlangula, izinja zomtshina kunye nezinja zonyango lwentlalo kuba zineemvakalelo.
Umalusi waseJamani
Kwiminyaka engamakhulu amabini eyadlulayo olu hlobo lwavela eJamani, ngenxa yokuzala kwezinja ezazikwazi ukukhusela imihlambi yeegusha kwiingcuka. Ngokwembali, uMaximilian von Stephanitz uye wamkelwa njengoyise wolu hlobo, kwaye uHorand von Grafath, isilwanyana esinamandla esinophawu oluqinileyo kunye noboya obungwevu, yaba ngumzekelo wokuqala obhalisiweyo. Kamva, ngokudalwa koMbutho wabahlobo boMalusi waseJamani, ukukhethwa kwemizekelo eminqamlezo yayo yaphucula imbonakalo yomzimba kunye nengqondo yesilwanyana saqala.
Yinja eyomeleleyo ngokwasemzimbeni kodwa isamdala kakhulu, inomgaqo-siseko omde kwaye imihlathi yayo ibonakala ngokuvelisa amandla angaphezu kwama-200 kg. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zemibala kolu didi lwenja ekhokelayo, enjengomda omnyama nomdaka, obomvu nomnyama, kodwa idyasi yazo emnyama isabonakala, abaninzi abaye bayibiza ngokuba yidyasi emnyama. Ukuphakama ekubuneni malunga nesiqingatha semitha, ubunzima bungama-25-50 kg, ngaphezu koko, baphila iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10.
Ngokumalunga nempilo yezi zinja, kubalulekile ukuba zonke izitofu zazo zihlaziywe, kuba zizilwanyana ezihlala zine-distemper. Njengoko kuqhelekile kwizinja ezinkulu, olu hlobo luqhelekile kwi-hip dysplasia. Yinja yeqabane elilungileyo kakhulu elinabantu, ilungelelene kwaye kulula ukuyiqeqesha. Uqeqesho kunye nentlalontle kufuneka iqale ukusuka mzuzu injana ingena kuqala kusapho.
Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka bazilolonge ngokuqhubekayo kuba baluhlanga olusebenzayo. Ezi zinja zigqwesa kwimidlalo enceda ukuzigcina zisempilweni kwaye zilungelelene ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni. Kwelinye icala, yenye yezona ntlobo zenja zidumileyo, eziguquguqukayo nezinkulu ehlabathini, ezimi kakuhle njengomsebenzi ozelweyo, onothando nosapho, umgcini ogqwesileyo, uhlangulo lwesilwanyana, isigulana kunye nomkhuseli. Ukongezelela, kubonisa ukuba ngumzekelo obalaseleyo weenja ezikhokelayo, ngenxa yesibindi, ingqondo, ukulahla kunye nokunyaniseka.
Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyihlambe ngesepha engathathi hlangothi okanye ngeshampu, kwaye uqinisekise ukutya okufanelekileyo, uqinisekise ukuba ayityi kakhulu ngenxa yomngcipheko wokuba olu hlobo lunengxaki yesisu esinokuthi xa singanyangwanga kakuhle, sibangele urhudo olungapheliyo. Ukuxutyushwa kwemihla ngemihla kuyimfuneko ukukhusela iinwele ezifileyo ukuba zijinga kumalungu kunye nentamo yakhe, kwaye igcina idyasi yakhe ibengezela, isempilweni kwaye intle. Ukugqiba irejimeni yokhathalelo, kuyimfuneko ukuba umse kwi-vet ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka ukuze ahlolwe ngokubanzi.
Ipoodle
Yenye yeentlobo zeenja eziye zaluphawu lwenqanaba eliphezulu lentlalontle ukusuka kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nangona ngoku isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengenye yezinja ezikhokelayo. Ezaziwa ngedyasi egobileyo, ene-shaggy, kukho iindidi ezininzi, ezona zixhaphakileyo zinkulu, ziphakathi, kwaye zincinci. Kwiinkulungwane ezisixhenxe ezadlulayo yayiyindawo yokubuyisela amanzi kuba yayifumene ixhoba elalizingelwa ngaphambili elaliwele emanzini, njengamadada namadada.
Ngokuphathelele eyona nja inde, kukholelwa ukuba lolona didi luqale luvela kuzo ezinye, ngenxa yokuzalanisa ukuze kucuthwe ubukhulu. Ukuphakama ekubuneni kuyahluka ukusuka kwi-45 ukuya kwi-60 cm. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunokuqatshelwa ukuba balinganisa malunga ne-30 kg, ngelixa abo baphakathi ngobukhulu mhlawumbi bayaziwa kakhulu, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo lizolile. Ilinganisa ukusuka kwi-36 ukuya kwi-44 cm ekubuneni kwaye, njengabo bonke ubukhulu, kuphela imibala eqinileyo yamkelwa kwidyasi. Ukongeza, kukho i-dwarf enokulinganisa phakathi kwe-25 ukuya kwi-36 cm kwaye iyafana nephakathi kwinkangeleko yayo yomzimba.
Ngenxa yezizathu zempilo, amehlo kunye neendlebe kufuneka zicocwe rhoqo. Ukhathalelo lwedyasi lubalulekile kolu didi, ngoko ke kufuneka ihlanjwe ngeshampu yenja qho ngenyanga. Ukhathalelo lwayo kufuneka lucokiseke kakhulu, kuba lunokubhideka lula ngenxa yokugobile, uboya kunye nentsimbi eshinyeneyo. Kufuneka zihlanjwe rhoqo ngeveki, ukongeza, kufuneka kusetyenziswe isomisi seenwele kwaye akufanele nanini sibekwe emoyeni. Zizinja ezithi emva kokuba utshintsho oluphambili olusuka kwi-puppy ukuya kumntu omdala luphantse lulahlekelwe iinwele kwaye luyi-hypoallergenic.
Olu didi lwezinja zesikhokelo luphawulwa ngobukrelekrele, uthando kunye nokunyaniseka, ezi ziimpawu ezichaza ubuntu kunye nesimilo sezi zinja. Ngaphandle kwenkangeleko yakhe yasebukhosini, unecala elidlalayo, uyakonwabela ukunxibelelana nabanini bakhe, uhlala enobuhlobo kakhulu nabantu, kwaye uhlala ethanda ukukholisa. Dibanisa ubukrelekrele bakhe basentsomini kunye nobudlelwane bakhe kwaye umphumo ube yinja eqeqeshelwa kakhulu, ekufanele ukuba yinja ekhokelayo.
ILabrador Retriever
Phakathi kweentlobo zezinja zesikhokelo, ukhetho olufunyenwe sesi silwanyana saseBritani sixhaphake kakhulu. Nangona abaphandi abaninzi bebeka imvelaphi yayo eKhanada, kuba omnye wookhokho bayo ngokuthe ngqo yayiyiCanada, enye yezinyanya zayo ikwakholelwa ukuba yinja yaseCastro Laboreiro (isiPhuthukezi). Kodwa njengoko uhlobo lusasazeke kulo lonke elase-Great Britain, kuthathwa njengonina weLabrador Retriever kwaye ngoko ke ibhalisiwe kwizenzo zeCinological Federation.
Olu hlobo lwenja ekhokelayo lwafika eNgilani kwishumi leminyaka lesibini lenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Oomatiloshe kunye nabazingeli bawela le nja ethanda amanzi kunye nabaqokeleli besiNgesi bexesha. La maNgesi ayengazi ukuba le nja yexesha elizayo yayiza kuba lolona hlobo ludumileyo lokuzingela kunye neqabane emhlabeni. Ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, abalobi besiqithi saseNewfoundland basebenzisa uhlobo lwenja ukuze babancede kumsebenzi wabo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, eminye yale mizekelo iya kufumana indlela eya e-UK.
Kwelinye icala, ithathwa njengenzala yokuzingela ngenxa yethuku namandla ayo. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje esi silwanyana sithandwa kakhulu ngabantu kwimisebenzi engenanto yakwenza neyokuqala, umzekelo, ukuba yinxalenye yeenja zesikhokelo. Ukongezelela, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba inja enempilo kufuneka ibe nokutya okwaneleyo kwaye ihlale imile kwaye ingabi namandla, ukuphepha umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-hip dysplasia okanye ezinye iingxaki ezidibeneyo kunye nesifo sikashukela. Kwakhona, ubunzima obufanelekileyo kwezi zinja buphakathi kwama-36 nama-46 kg.
Olunye uphawu oluphawulekayo kukuba bayabathanda abantu kuba okukhona bechitha ixesha elininzi nabo, kokukhona baya konwaba ngakumbi. Ngokuhamba nemigca efanayo, zizinja zentsebenziswano, eziya kukuvumela ukuba ufumane izinto eziphoswe endlwini yakho. Bahlala benomonde kunye nabaninikazi abamangalisayo kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba le asiyonja yonogada. Basenokukhonkotha ukunika isilumkiso, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo abanakuze benze ndlongondlongo. Ukongeza, lolona didi lwenja lukrelekrele kwaye lunovelwano.
Kwakhona kulula ukuziqeqesha, ngoko umsebenzi wenja ekhokelayo uya kuba yindlela eyonwabisayo yokwabelana nayo. Kwelinye icala, olu hlobo lufuna umthambo omninzi, nto leyo egxininiswa ngakumbi kuba luthanda ukutya. Ngoko ke ukuqiniseka ukuba bafumana uqeqesho, umthambo, nenyameko yeyona nto iphambili kwinja eyonwabileyo, esempilweni, nenesimilo esihle. Yenye yezona zinto ziluncedo ebantwini kuba azizozilwanyana zasekhaya kuphela, kodwa kubantu abaninzi ibalulekile kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla njengenja yenkonzo.
Boxer
Ngolunye lweentlobo zezinja ezikhokelayo kunye nezinja ezisebenzayo, ezisuka eJamani kwaye zinemilinganiselo eqhelekileyo. Iimpawu zayo zomzimba ziquka intloko eqinile kunye nomlomo we-prognathic ezantsi, uxinzelelo lwemihlathi luhlala luyi-120 kg, lunompu kunye ne-mask emnyama ebonakalayo kwaye, ngokubanzi, umzimba oqinileyo. Inedyasi emfutshane, emenyezelayo kwaye egudileyo, emnyama ngombala kwaye kwezinye iimeko amabala amhlophe. Ukuphakama ekubuneni malunga ne-60 cm kunye nobunzima bayo obuyi-28 kilogram.
Ngenxa yobugorha bakhe, amandla kunye nobuchule bakhe, wakhethwa njengenja yamapolisa, esetyenziswa njengenye yeentlobo zeenja zesikhokelo, ngaphezu kokuba lilungu lesebe lomlilo ngenxa yokuvumba kwakhe okukhulu kunye nesibindi sakhe kwiintlekele ezinkulu. Yinja ethembekileyo, ekrelekrele kwaye ephaphileyo, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo enye yezona zinja zipheleleyo ezikhoyo. Uthambile kwaye unokunyaniseka okungenakuthelekiswa nanto kwintsapho yakhe, eya kukhusela kuso nasiphi na isisongelo asibonayo. Njengoko zikhula, ezi zinja zifuna umthambo ukuze zihlale zilungile kwaye zakhe izihlunu. Kwakunye nokutya okufanelekileyo.
Kunconyelwa ukuqeqeshwa kwasebuncinaneni, ekubeni ezi zilwanyana ngokuqhelekileyo zinobuntu obunamandla, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuziqeqesha xa sele zikhulile. Bathanda ukudlala kakhulu, ngoko ke abathandi ukuvalelwa, bakhetha ukuba ngaphandle, ngoko kufuneka uhambe nabo rhoqo kwaye wenze umthambo kunye nabo. Zikwazinja ezinesakhono esikhulu sokufunda kwaye ngoko ke zezinye zezinja ezicetyiswayo.
Ziqeqeshwa njani iindidi zezinja ezikhokelayo?
Eyona nto, umsebenzi wezi zinja "ukuba amehlo abo bangaboniyo", kwaye ngenxa yoko kufuneka baqeqeshe kanzima malunga neminyaka emibini. Izinja ezibukeleyo azizozilwanyana zasekhaya eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ziqeqeshelwe ukudlala indima ethile. Inkqubo iqala kwakudala ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwesilwanyana, iinjana ezihlambulukileyo zikhethwa kumaziko okuzala. Xa zineenyanga ezimbini ubudala yaye zingasancancisi, ziye zigonywe ngokufanelekileyo zize zikhutshelwe kumakhaya abantu abangenabani, apho zinyanyekelwa ziintsapho zamatsha-ntliziyo.
Ngeli xesha, abaphathi batyelela amakhaya rhoqo kwaye baqinisekise ukuba isilwanyana siphathwa kakuhle kwaye sinayo yonke into efunekayo. Lo mbutho ubabonelela ngokutya kunye nokhathalelo lwezilwanyana, okubandakanya ukunyathela inja ukuthintela utshintsho kwindlela eziphatha ngayo. Emva konyaka, sele bekwazi ukufunda imisebenzi yabo kwaye baqale uqeqesho, ngoko babuyela kwisiseko kwaye kufuneka baqhelane nokwabelana ngobomi babo nabanye abantu.
Usapho olukhuliswa ngumntu ongengowakho lunokucebisa ngophuhliso lwezilwanyana zakhe zangaphambili, umtyelele kwaye ufumanise ukuba uya kuzuza bani xa egqiba uqeqesho lwakhe. Inkqubo yoqeqesho ibanzi, malunga neminyaka emibini iqikelelwa kwaye nangona kunzima, ayimeli ukubandezeleka kwesilwanyana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunokuchazwa ukuba kwimeko apho inja inomdla kakhulu kwi-stimuli yokusingqongileyo njengengxolo, ezinye izinja okanye abantu, ayiyi kukhethwa njengenja yoncedo.
Iintlobo zezinja ezikhokelayo kufuneka zikwazi ukunceda umninizo ukuba anqumle iindlela zikawonke-wonke, asebenzise izithuthi, adlule eminyango, asebenzise izitebhisi, maxa onke aphephe nayiphi na into ebathintela ekuqhubeleni phambili endleleni. Umonde ubalulekile kubahlohli njengoko kusoloko kukho abathile abafuna ixesha elingakumbi lokufunda. Xa ufumanisa ukuba inja ikulungele ukuqalisa umsebenzi wokukhokela, inyathelo elilandelayo kukufumana umntu ofanelekileyo kuye. Ngubani oya kukhethwa ngokusekelwe kwisilwanyana, ngokuqwalasela ubungakanani, ubunzima, isantya sokuhamba, inyathelo, imisebenzi, phakathi kwezinye iinkalo.
Ukuba ulithandile eli nqaku kwiSikhokelo seeNja zokuzala kwaye ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neminye imixholo enomdla, ungajonga la makhonkco alandelayo: