Kubantu abathanda izilwanyana ezincinci, kubalulekile ukuba bazazi zonke ulwazi malunga nempuku, ngendlela yokuba kule post siza kukuxelela malunga nayo yonke into enxulumene nala magundwana amancinci, awaziwa ngokuba mouse ekhaya, eqhelekileyo okanye ekhaya.
Imbali yeNdalo yeMouse
Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo neyaziwa kakhulu yimpuku yasekhaya, eyesibini ngobukhulu i-viviparous kwiplanethi yethu yonke emva kwabantu. Nangona iindidi ngeendidi zeempuku zihlala kunye kumhlaba wamakhaya, zombini njengeendwendwe zabantu, njengezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nezinambuzane kwiilabhoratri, abanye bahlala emaphandleni.
Ekubeni bekwazi ukuqwenga izityalo okanye ukutya komntu, kuye kwaphuhliswa iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuhlasela ukuhlala kwazo ngokusisigxina, kwanokuqhelisela ukufuya izilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo, njengeekati, imfuza, iindidi ngeendidi zemongoose kunye neeferret.
Kwimeko yendalo zibanjwa zizilwanyana ezanyisayo ezahlukeneyo kunye neentaka, ezifana iiraptors zasebusuku kunye ne-diurnal enokuthi ibambe imini yonke, ukongeza kwiinyoka ezinkulu ezizingelayo, amaxoxo, amacikilishe kunye nezinye iimpuku ziyinxalenye yesoyikiso sabo esiqhubekayo.
Yonke le meko ithetha ukuba ubomi obulindelekileyo a mouse ingaphantsi kweenyanga ezintathu, nangona uhlala ekuthinjweni ubomi babo bunyuka ukuya kwiminyaka emibini. Indlu okanye impuku efuywayo inokuba liqabane elilungileyo njengesilwanyana sasekhaya, nangona umdla wokuqala ebantwini usekelwe kuncedo lwawo njengesilwanyana sovavanyo lwaselabhoratri.
Kulula ukubabonelela ngokutya, bathatha indawo encinci yokuhlala kwabo, baphindaphindeka ngokulula kwaye zizilwanyana ezanyisayo, ukuze kuhlalutyo oluninzi kunye nezifundo ezenziwa kunye nazo, ziya kunika njengeziphumo ezinye izifundo kunye nobungqina obufana kakhulu ezo zifunyenwe kuphando olwenziwe nabantu phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo.
I-rodent yasekhaya sesinye sezilwanyana eziphambili apho ulandelelwano lwemfuza yalo luqhutywe ngendlela egqibeleleyo, njengoko ikwayenye yanelungelo lokuba ngaphandle kweplanethi yomhlaba ehamba kwindawo yangaphandle, ukususela ngo-2006, iqela leempuku lalikuvavanyo lokuzama ukuba zijikeleze umhlaba, zizibeka esichengeni somxhuzulane ofana kakhulu nalowo wesijikelezi-langa iMars.
Iimpuku ziyakwazi ukubona umahluko phakathi kweetoni ezikhanyayo nezimnyama, kodwa azikwazi ukwahlula imibala. Ngombono wabo, kungqinwe ukuba indawo yabo kunye nayo yonke into abayibonayo ipeyintiwe okanye bayibona kwiimithunzi ezahlukeneyo zegrey.
Ukulandela imvelaphi yayo, i-genesis ye-incursion ehleliweyo ye "Mus Musculus" eyaziwa rhoqo ngegama mouse ezingwevu okanye ezifuywayo, waqala kuMbindi Mpuma, kwabhengezwa ngabasebenzi eyenziwe izazinzulu ezivela kumazwe aliqela ukuba bebonke 8, kupapasho lwenzululwazi yeeNgxelo zeNzululwazi.
Uphando luvavanye ngaphezulu kwama-800 eentsalela zamathambo ezincinci mouse, ezithe xa zizonke zavela kwiindawo zamandulo ezingama-43 kuMbindi Mpuma nakumzantsi-mpuma weZwekazi laseYurophu, kwilizwe lase-Iran naseGrisi, zonke zineminyaka ephakathi kwama-4.000 3.000 nama-XNUMX XNUMX eminyaka ubudala.
Ngolu hlaziyo lweegundane, izifundo ze-morphometric nazo zenziwa, eziye zanceda ukuqinisekisa ulwazi lwezofuzo kunye neenkcukacha ngeteknoloji ye-radiocarbon. Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ukuhlala ngokusisigxina kwempuku engwevu emntwini kususela kwimizuzu yokuqala yokuhlala ebantwini, emalunga ne-15.000 leminyaka ubudala.
Kuthiwa bekukho malunga nokulinda iminyaka engama-5.000 ukuze olu hlobo lwempuku luhlasele. izilwanyana zasendle zaseYurophu, ekubeni ukukhula kwayo kwilizwekazi laseYurophu kungqamana nokufika kweekati zokuqala zasekhaya. Esi sigqibo sifikelelwa ngamasalela okuqala awafunyanwa kwiindawo apho ngaphambi kwexesha lamandulo ayehlala eSipro, eGrisi naseMpuma Yurophu.
Kwakungelo xesha xa iimpuku zafika eYurophu, ukuba kwanikelwa inyathelo lokufuya inzala yeemazi, nangona kungacacanga ukuba kwakunjalo kanye ngelo xesha. Kangangokuba iikati zabaluleka kakhulu kwimimandla eyahlukahlukeneyo yaseYurophu ngelo xesha, ekubeni zaziqonda ukuba ezi yayizizo ezazinokuthintela ukuphangwa kokutya okwakulapho.
Kufuneka iqatshelwe ukuba ifayile ye- mouse grey luhlobo lwempuku yeqela leMuridae, elibandakanya elona nani likhulu leempuku ezikhoyo kwaye ziqhele ukubizwa ngokuba ziimpuku, apho igama lazo lihlala lisetyenziselwa iintlobo zodidi lwazo lwamanye amaqela, zithethwa ngendlela eqhelekileyo. ngelo gama.
Iimpawu zeMouse
Phakathi kweempawu ze mouse, sinokuthi ubude obumalunga nama-60 ukuya kuma-90 eemilimitha, kuphela kubantu abadala, kunye nomsila we-80 ukuya kwi-100 millimeters ubude, ngoko kuyacaca ukuba umsila wayo ude kakhulu kunomzimba wayo, nangona yonke into iya kuxhomekeka ubukhulu bomzimba. Ubuncinci obunobunzima bungama-15 grams, ngelixa ubuninzi bungama-33 grams.
Inompumlo omde kancinane kwakunye namadevu ayo, amehlo ayo mancinci, amnyama, neendlebe zingqukuva. I mouse Inokufumaneka kwii-shades ezahlukeneyo zegrey kunye ne-brown, apho yonke imibala ihlala ihluka ngokumalunga nale mibini.
Umbuzo oqhelekileyo obuzwa ngabaninzi ngulo Iphila ixesha elingakanani impuku?Ewe, inyani yeyokuba le mpuku incinci ayisosilwanyana esihlala ixesha elide, kuba inokuphila isithuba esimalunga neminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5.
IMouse Anatomy
I-trunk ye-rodents igqunywe ziinwele kwaye yahlulwe yaba ngamalungu amathathu, ayintloko, indawo apho umlomo wabo ukhoyo, kunye nezitho zabo zokuva (ivumba, ukubona, iindlebe). Okwesibini yi-trunk, apho ineziphelo ezi-4 ezihambelanayo kwaye ekugqibeleni ngumsila, obekwe kancinci kwi-anus yayo, ide ngakumbi kune-trunk kunye nentloko.
Intloko
Oku kwahlulwe kwi-trunk ngentamo, iimpumlo zangaphandle zivulekile kubuso be-ventral ye-snout yayo, nangona umda ophezulu, ngoko siya kuqwalasela ukuba amabhovu ayo anceda njengomzimba wokuchukumisa. Imbono yempuku yenziwe ngeenkophe, kwaye umlomo wayo uthintelwe yimilebe emibini.
Umboko
Eli lungu lomzimba walo lineziphene ezimbini kwicala lalo, ngelixa amabele kunye neendawo eziphuma ngazo umchamo, ukongezelela kwilindle, zibekwe kwisiseko sayo. Ummandla ongentla une quartet yeminwe emile kakuhle efikelela inzipho, kwaye inamanxeba amahlanu entendeni yesandla sayo, nangona umqolo ongezantsi uneenzwane ezintlanu ezakhiwe kakuhle ngokunjalo.
Umgquba wabo kulula ukuwubona, kuba ubude bufana neenkozo zerayisi, apho imilinganiselo yazo ihluka phakathi kweemilimitha ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6. Impuku iyimvelaphi yaseAsia, ngakumbi isuka eMpuma Asia, kwaye ukukhula kwayo kwihlabathi jikelele kwenzeke kwiindawo apho iinkozo zilinywa khona nalapho kugcinwa khona ukutya.
Bayakwazi kwaye bahlala kwiindawo ezinezityalo ezininzi, okanye apho izityalo zininzi, zenza amakhaya abo kwimiqolomba enzulu, nangona ngokuqhelekileyo banokufumana imigodi ngaphandle kweendawo ezinezityalo ezimbalwa. Kwiindawo ezingezizo ezisemaphandleni ziyakwazi ukuhlala kwiimfumba zamagqabi okanye kwiikholomu zokhuni, zivame ukuhlala kwiibhloko, kuba oko kuya kwanela ukuhlala kwabo.
Xa imozulu ibanda, baya kwiindawo zangaphakathi ukuya kukhangela amaqondo obushushu afudumeleyo, ngokuqhelekileyo benza imingxuma kwiindawo ezinemithombo yokutya ekufutshane, kwaye ukuze bafezekise umsebenzi wabo bahlala bephethe izinto ezinobungozi abanazo kwindawo apho baya kwakha khona. .
Ukutya kwempuku
Ukuba uzibuza umbuzo othi zitya ntoni iimpuku?, inyaniso kukuba oku kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwindawo abahlala kuyo, ekubeni inani elikhulu leentlobo zeMus zondla izityalo, zitya zonke iziqhamo okanye iinkozo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo. Oku kungenxa yokuba iimpuku ziyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa kakuhle kakhulu nalo naluphi na uhlobo lommandla wasezidolophini, kwaye zaziwa ngokutya nakuphi na ukutya okushiyekileyo ezinokufumana izandla zazo.
Xa ziseluvalelweni, ezi mpuku zinikwa ukutya okuneempawu ezithile, iipilisi zempuku, kodwa ziyakwazi ukutya iindidi ezininzi zokutya, nokuba zikhululekile ezilalini okanye zivalelwe.
Ubungakanani bokutya abakutyayo malunga ne-15 grams nge-100 grams yesisindo somzimba wabo imihla ngemihla, isixa samanzi abasisebenzisayo malunga ne-15 milliliters nge-100 grams yobunzima. Xa zisebenzisa ukutya kwenyama, ezi ikakhulu ziphuma kwinyama ebolileyo, kwezinye iimeko zibolile zezinye zamaqela azo eempuku.
Oku kutyiwa kwabantu kuxhaphake kakhulu ngamaxesha okunqongophala, okuthi kumatyeli aliqela kubangelwe zizibetho zeempuku xa zisitya ngamandla onke ukutya okunokuthi kufumaneke kubo kokusingqongileyo, kwaye kumaxesha amaninzi ibibonisa ukuba ezinye zezi iimpuku ezikwimeko enzima ukufumana ukutya kwazo, ziphele zisitya umsila.
Ukwabiwa kwempuku
El mouse Isasazwa kwiplanethi yonke kwaye ivela e-Asia, nangona kunjalo, ngoku inokufumaneka eYurophu, eMntla Afrika, eMelika nase-Oceania, kunye nase-Australia nakwezinye iziqithi. KwiiCanary Islands ibonwa kuzo zonke iziqithi kunye neziqithi, eSpain ifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo, kubandakanywa neziqithi ezimbini, iCeuta neMelilla.
Ukuziphatha kwempuku
Iimpuku kwimeko yazo yasendle zidla ngokuzala kuphela ngexesha lasehlotyeni, nangona kunjalo, ziseluvalelweni zizala rhoqo, ezi zilwanyana azihlukani nemingxuma yazo ixesha elide kwaye zihlala zisebenzisa indlela efanayo ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye. komnye, badla ngokusebenzisa imiphetho yezindlu ukuhamba, bashiya uphawu kunye negrisi yeenwele zabo kunye nomchamo.
Ukudlala impuku
Iigundane zinokukhula ngokwesondo xa ziphakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-7 yeeveki ubudala. Ukuzala kweempuku kwahlukile kwezo zihlala ekuthinjweni nakwizihlala ngaphandle, ukuze ezo zihlala ngaphakathi kwendlu zihlangane unyaka wonke, nangona ziphepha ebusika.
Aba benza imingxuma yabo ngephepha, uboya kunye nezinye izinto abazifumanayo, kwimingxuma eludongeni, imingxuma engaphantsi komhlaba kunye ne-voids. Kwelinye icala, iimpuku ezihlala ngaphandle zinexesha elifutshane lokuzala, nangona kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwindawo ezikuyo, zenza imingxuma yazo kwimibhobho ehambisa amanzi amdaka nakwiipaseji ezigrumbayo, emva koko zigqunywe ngengca okanye phantsi kwamatye.
