Ibona ntoni indoda eyimfama? Lo mbuzo ngokwawo uyadida kuba indoda eyimfama ingaboni. Nangona kunjalo, ngumbuzo olungileyo kuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokungaboni kwaye ngamnye kubo unamava ahlukeneyo "okubona" ahambelana nawo.
Iimfama ngokuyinxenye zibona into, kungoko umbuzo, kwaye iimfama ngokupheleleyo, zibona ntoni? Ngovuyo siphendula ngaphandle kokuthandabuza ngokuthi "mnyama okanye mnyama". Nangona kunjalo le yimpazamo, ekubeni yimpendulo esekelwe kumava abonakalayo abandakanya ukubona imibala, kuquka nomnyama. Ngoko ke impendulo ayikho lula. Ndimangalisiwe? hlala nathi ukuze wazi nyani into ebonwa yimfama.
Yintoni ubumfama?
Esi sesona siqalo siphambili phambi kokuba singene ekuphenduleni umbuzo ontsokothileyo wokuba yintoni ebonwa yimfama? Okokuqala kuya kuba yimfuneko ukucacisa oko kuthethwa bubumfama.
Kwiyeza akukho ngcaciso evunyelweneyo yale ngcamango, ngoko uDkt Rubén Pascual, i-ophthalmologist, isixelela, akukho ngcaciso ecacileyo necacileyo yokungaboni. Kwinqanaba lomthetho, sifumana ingxaki efanayo, kwaye ilizwe ngalinye liseka inkcazo yomthetho eyahlukileyo yokungaboni. Ewe, ingcamango eqhelekileyo yamkelwa ukubhekisela kubumfama yaye oko kukuthi, ngokutsho kukaGqr. Rubén Pascual: "Umntu uthathwa ngokuba 'yimfama' xa ebandezeleka kakhulu okanye ilahleko epheleleyo yombono ongenakulungiswa ngeelensi eziqhelekileyo okanye zokudibanisa."
Ngokwale pathology, sinokufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokungaboni: ubumfama obupheleleyo, ubumfama obungaphelelanga, ukususela ekuzalweni nasemva kokuzalwa. Ngamnye wabo unxulumene "namava abonakalayo" ahlukeneyo, ngoko ngaphaya kobumnyama okanye ubumnyama obupheleleyo, amava okubonwa kweemfama abanzi ngokumangalisayo: ukusuka kwi-absolute nto ukuya kukukhanya kokukhanya, imvelaphi enemibala kunye neemilo ngokungathi liphupha le-surreal.
Ibona ntoni indoda eyimfama? Amava amaninzi ahlukeneyo oluvo
Sithe kwasekuqaleni lo ngumbuzo opheleleyo kunoko kubonakala kunzima ukuwuphendula. Ngokuqhelekileyo siqinisekisa ukuba umntu ongaboniyo "akaboni nto", "ubona umnyama", okanye "ubona yonke into emnyama". Kodwa yintoni "akukho nto"? "akukho nto" ngokulula "akukho nto", ingqikelelo enzima ukuyidibanisa ngenxa yokuthamba kunye nokungabikho kwamava ngabantu ababonayo obo bunto obuyimfama kuphela. Ukuba umfundi uyaqonda, siphendula lo mbuzo ngokusuka kumava ethu okubonwayo, into ebona umnyama okanye umnyama xa sivala amehlo ethu, silibale ukuba umntu oyimfama akanalo ulwazi lombono kwaye ngoko ke akanawo amava amnyama okanye amnyama ngenxa yokuba akaboni nje. imibala, ekubeni engaboni. Kubonakala kucace kakhulu kodwa njengoko siqwalasela kolu hlalutyo, akunjalo.
Ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zobumfama ezikhoyo, ukuchazwa kobumfama kuyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ibe banzi kakhulu, ukuba iimbono zokubonwa kweemfama ezona zihlukeneyo ngaxeshanye zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezifana nobukhulu bobumfama (ibonke okanye inxenye), unobangela obangela oko nokuba ubumfama bubonakala ngaphambi okanye emva kokuzalwa.
Ngoko ke siza kuchaza ibona ntoni imfama kuxhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile lobumfama.
Amava abonwayo ngokohlobo lobumfama
Ubuninzi bezinto ezibonwayo ezinokufunyanwa ngabantu abaziimfama bungaqhelekanga njengoko bumangalisa. Siyibona ngezantsi.
ubumfama obuthile
Ubumfama obungaphelelanga sisiphene esibonakalayo esikwiqondo elibalulekileyo apho umntu asahlala khona ugcina isakhono sokubonakodwa nemida emininzi. Kuphela iyakwahlula izibane, izithunzi, mhlawumbi iimilo kunye nentshukumo yezinto. Umda kumbono uya kuxhomekeka kwi-pathology ethile. Kwelinye icala, iimfama ngokupheleleyo aziboni nto konke konke, nkqu nokukhanya.
Ekubeni kuphela abangaboniyo ngokuyinxenye bagcina isakhono esithile sokubona, kwezi meko siyakufumana inkitha epheleleyo yamava okubonwayo ngokuxhomekeke kwi-pathology esisiseko. Siyichaza ngezantsi:
- Umbono ogqwethekileyo: imifanekiso eqikelelwayo yehlabathi ayikho kugqaliselo, ngaphandle kwengcaciso ecacileyo yemida ebumba izinto, yonke into ibonwa njengenkungu. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ukungasebenzi kwi-lenticular system yeso (njenge-cornea okanye i-lens): ezi ziimeko ze-cataracts, i-corneal dystrophy, njl.
- scotoma: kwezi meko umbono uyancipha okanye urhoxisiwe kwindawo ethile yentsimi yombono (indawo eyimfama), ngelixa yonke inkalo yembonakalo ihleli. Indawo eyimfama inokufumaneka kwingingqi ye-peripheral okanye kwindawo ephakathi. Kukho ii-pathologies ezininzi ezinokubangela esi sifo, phakathi kwazo ezi: i-glaucoma, i-retinopathy yesifo seswekile, i-pigmentary retinopathy, ukwenzakala kwengqondo, ukwenzakala kwe-nerve optic, ukuvaleka komthambo ophakathi obonelela nge-retina, njl.
- izikhanyiso nobumnyama: Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu zokungaboni kakuhle, iimilo kunye nemibala azihlukaniswa, kuphela ukukhanya kunye nobumnyama, ukuze abantu ubuncinane yahlula phakathi kwemini nobusuku.
Ubumfama ukususela ekuzalweni vs ubumfama emva kokuzalwa
Amava abonakalayo abantu abangaboniyo abanokuba nawo ahluke kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni bazalwa bengaboni okanye bawufumene kamva ngenxa yesifo esithile okanye ingozi. Siza kujongana nemeko nganye kule migca ilandelayo.
ubumfama emva kokuzalwa
Ubumfama emva kokuzalwa bunokubangelwa yi-pathologies efana nesifo sikashukela, i-glaucoma, njl. okanye ngengozi embi eye yashiya umntu eyimfama. Izizathu zahlukile njengoko kubangelwa ukukwazi ukubona, ngoko ke amava abonwayo aboniswa ngumntu abonakaliswa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, apho umntu engakwazi ukubona ngokupheleleyo, kukho into ebalulekileyo: kwaye yile nto. ingqondo yakhe "iyabona" kwaye ayiboni kuphela, kodwa igcina inkumbulo awayibonayo.
Mhlawumbi ilungu elifumana i-stimuli-eliliso kunye nezihlomelo zalo kule meko-liye lasebenza kodwa i-cortex ebonakalayo ayinayo kwaye ayinayo i-hippocampus (egcina imemori yamava abonakalayo), ngoko ke. i-cortex ebonakalayo iyaqhubeka nokukhupha imifanekiso ebonwa ngumntu "nangona ingekho ngokwenene. Kwaye ukongeza, le mifanekiso inokudityaniswa nenkumbulo evuselela imvakalelo. Masithi umntu ugcina “ihlabathi lakhe elibonakalayo” nangona engasayiboni.
I-cortex ebonakalayo esebenzayo ibangela ukuba umntu abone ukukhanya kokukhanya okanye iimvelaphi ezinemibala. Kwezinye iimeko, kwelinye icala, i abamnyama rhoqo okanye a ubumnyama obupheleleyo.
Unokufumana kwakhona into ebizwa ngokuba yi-phenomenon ye iiphosphenes, oku kumitha kokukhanya okuncinane okwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo okanye emva kokuhlikihla amehlo akho ngamandla.
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo esizifumanayo imibono ebonakalayo apho imifanekiso kunye nemibala inokuvela khona. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba uCharles bonnet syndrome.
Ukuqonda ngcono amava abonakalayo umntu ohamba eyimfama, akukho nto ibetha ubungqina obuthe ngqo kwaye yimeko kaDamon Rose: intatheli ye-BBC eyaphulukana nombono wayo njengomntwana kwaye ibhala kwi inqaku eliphakathi apho amava akhe akhethekileyo abonwayo asebenza khona:
“Okwangoku ndinemvelaphi emnyama emnyama, kunye ne-turquoise luminescence ngaphambili naphakathi. Ngokwenyani, isandula ukutshintshelwa kumbala oluhlaza… ngoku ibhlowu eqaqambileyo kunye neentyatyambo ezityheli, kwaye kukho i-orenji esongelayo yokuza ngaphambili kwaye igqume yonke into. Eminye intsimi yam yombono ithathwa kunye neemilo zejometri ezityunjiweyo, i-scribbles, kunye namafu endingenathemba ukuwachaza, kwaye kungekhona ngaphambi kokuba atshintshe kwakhona. Ngeyure yonke into iya kwahluka. Ndiyazi ukuba le nto iza kuvakala ingaqhelekanga ivela kumntu oyimfama, kodwa xa abantu bendibuza into endiyikhumbulayo kakhulu malunga nokungaboni, impendulo yam ihlala: ubumnyama. "
UDamon Rose, intatheli yeBBC.
ubumfama kwasekuzalweni
Oku mhlawumbi yeyona meko inzima ukuyiqonda, nangona ekuqaleni ibonakala ilula kwaye icacile. Sivame ukucinga ukuba aba bantu babona yonke into ngokusisigxina emnyama okanye emnyama, kodwa leyo yimpendulo esiyinika ngokungazi kumava ethu okubonwayo.
Abo kuthi babonayo bayakwazi ukuxabisa imibala emnyama neminye kuba sibona ukukhanya. Ke umntu oyimfama kwasekuzalweni kwakhe, engazange akubone ukukhanya okanye wanamava mbala, akaboni mnyama okanye abone ubumnyama. Ubona nje "akukho nto" kwaye akukho nto "akukho nto." Oku kuntsonkotha kwetyala, yintoni na?Kunzima kuthi ukulinganisa kuba kwihlabathi lethu elibonakalayo kuhlala kukho izinto, imibala, amava abonakalayo kwaye asazi ukuba yintoni na loo void okanye akukho nto.
Abantu abangazange babone nto ngoko, Ababoni imvelaphi emnyama okanye iiphosphenes kwaye abanakufumana umbono wokubonwayo.. Masicinge ukuba ingqondo yakho "inenkqubo eyimfama" engenanto yakwenza nenkqubo yabantu ababonayo abavelisa kwaye bagcine amava abonakalayo.
UTommy Edison, iyoutuber owazalwa eyimfama, uthetha kakuhle ngale "nto":
"Kubo bonke ubomi bam abantu bebendibuza. Basoloko befuna ukwazi: “Ubona ntoni? Kuya kufuneka ubone into, kufuneka ubone into! ” Hayi, andiboni nto. Abantu ababonayo bahlala besithi: «. Ewe, hayi, kufuneka ubone ukwazi ukuba yintoni emnyama, akunjalo? Ngoko andiboni mnyama. Akukho nto nje. andinawo umbala wayo."
Tommy Edison, YouTuber.