Ngaba unomdla wokufunda ngeenkwenkwezi? Ngaba sele uyazi ukuba sesiphi isixhobo esifunekayo ukuze ube ngumlandeli wenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi? Ewe, udinga iteleskopu, kodwa kufuneka ufumane ulwazi malunga yeyiphi iteleskopu ekufuneka uyithenge ukuze amava akho abe ngawona alungileyo kwaye kule bhlog siza kukunceda ngaloo nto.
Ukuqalisa Iziseko
Ukusebenza kwe iteleskopu yokuqalisa inxulumene nobubanzi okanye ukuvulwa kwayo, kwaye olo lwazi lusekwe kwiimilimitha. Leyo yeyona nto iphambili ekufuneka ijongwe kuyo nayiphi na iteleskopu. Ukongeza, kuya kufuneka ube neengcinga ezithile ze-optics kunye nendlela yokuyihlanganisa. Iteleskopu inokwenziwa ngeelensi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-refractor, okanye inokwenziwa ngezipili, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-reflector.
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba yonke into esiyichazile ngaphambili iya kuvelisa imibuzo emininzi kuneempendulo, kodwa apha siza kucacisa yonke loo miba inxulumene nolwazi kunye nokuphathwa kweteleskopu. Ngoko unokuqalisa ukujonga isibhakabhaka njengengcali.
Kwenziwa isincomo sokuba iteleskopu yokuqala ekufuneka ithengwe ibe luhlobo lwesibonisi, esiphakathi kwe-100mm kunye ne-200mm ububanzi, kodwa ukuba izakuba yiteleskopu ephindaphindayo, sicebisa ukuba uthenge ephakathi kwe-60mm kunye ne-90mm.
Xa uyokuthenga iteleskopu yakho, kufuneka ubuze ukuba isisixhobo samehlo sifakiwe na, kuba ukuba akunjalo, kucetyiswa ukuba uthenge enye phakathi kwe-25mm kunye ne-40mm kwaye ukuba awunaye umntu onolwazi malunga nalo mba. uza kuyisebenzisa, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthenge imephu okanye isikhokelo sesibhakabhaka ebusuku.
Yintoni omawuyazi ngaphambi kokuthenga iteleskopu
Ukuba sele uyazi, ngendlela elula yokwalathisa umbono wakho esibhakabhakeni, mhlawumbi ngoncedo lweplanisphere, okanye ngesikhokelo esiya ezulwini okanye usebenzisa isoftware yolwazi, ulungiselelo lwezinye. Iinkwenkwezi okanye amakroza, lixesha lokuba uqale ukusebenzisa a iteleskopu yeenkwenkwezi.
Akunakuchazwa ukuba kukho a eyona telescope yeenkwenkwezi enye leyo. Konke kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho kunye nokuba luhlobo luni lwezidalwa zasezulwini ofuna ukuzijonga. Mhlawumbi umntu uya kucinga ukuba uhlobo oluthile lwe iteleskopu yeenkwenkwezi ungcono kunomnye kwaye omnye umlandeli unokucinga ngenye indlela, kodwa ukuba linqanaba lokuqala lokujonga iinkwenkwezi, kungcono ukuba wazi kakuhle ngeyona miba ibalaseleyo.
Kodwa ukuba awukawazi nawuphi na umzobo okanye inkwenkwezi ukusuka kwigumbi lokulala ebusuku, isixhobo sokubona asiyi kuba luncedo kakhulu. Ukuba injongo yakho kukunika iteleskopu, kusoloko kucetyiswa ukuba uyinike kunye nemephu yezulu okanye imephu yehlabathi. Kukho neenkqubo zekhompyuter kunye nezicelo ezinokuthengwa kwizixhobo eziphathwayo apho izinto zasezulwini zinokufunyanwa.
Iteleskopu okanye iiBinoculars
Unokuqala ngezinye iibhayinotyhulasi ezilula, njengoko zisisixhobo esihle kakhulu ukuqala ngazo, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphonononge isibhakabhaka ebusuku kunye nazo ngaphambi kokuba uye kuthenga iteleskopu.
Iibinotyhulas eziqhelekileyo nezifanelekileyo zi-7x50, oku kuthetha ukuba zilingana no-7x magnification kunye ne-50mm ububanzi kwiinjongo, okanye kwakhona i-10 × 50, oko kukuthi, i-10x yokukhulisa kunye ne-50mm ububanzi kwiinjongo. Olunye ulwandiso kunye needayamitha nazo zinokusebenza, kuya kufuneka ujonge eyakho kwaye ubone ukuba yeyiphi na indawo onayo kwaye ukuba iyahambelana nemilinganiselo esiyicetyisiweyo, kodwa ukuba ukwandiswa kwakho kunye nobubanzi beenjongo ziphezulu, kungcono kakhulu.
Amava anokuphuculwa ukuba une-tripod yekhamera yokubeka i-binoculars. Kwiivenkile ezikhethekileyo abazithengisayo, kunye ne-adapter efunekayo ukuze kubekwe i-binoculars.
Ukuba sele unazo ezi zixhobo, ngoko uya kukwazi ukonwabela amava afana kakhulu noko uya kukufumana xa ujonga iteleskopu encinci, iya kulungela ukujonga isathelayithi zeJupiter, iOrion Nebula, iAndromeda Galaxy kunye inani elikhulu lemizimba yasezulwini.
khangela izinto esibhakabhakeni
Omnye umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu oya kukwazi ukuwenza ngezi zixhobo kukufunda ukujonga izinto esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, kwaye kuya kukunika ukuziqhelanisa ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa iteleskopu kwixesha elizayo.
Nje ukuba uvavanye ezi zixhobo, kwaye wenze isigqibo sokuthenga iteleskopu, kuya kuba kuhle ukuba ungaqala uziqhelanise nenye, kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, uziqhelanise ngeendlela ezininzi. Buza abahlobo bakho kunye nabantu obaziyo ukuba banayo kwaye ubacele ukuba bayiboleke. Lo msebenzi uya kuba luncedo xa ukhetha yeyiphi iteleskopu onokuyithenga ukuze ubone iiplanethi, Iya kukwazisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo kunye nobungakanani beteleskopu oziva ukhululekile kuyo.
Ukuba wenza uphando kwi-intanethi, unokuba nethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo lokufumana iqela leengcali ngeenkwenkwezi kufutshane nalapho uhlala khona eziququzelela uhambo lokujonga Ukudubula Iinkwenkwezi kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ungajoyina ezinye zazo kwaye uthathe ithuba leteleskopu kunye namava abahlobo bakho abatsha, okuya kukunceda wenze isigqibo malunga yintoni teleskopu ukuthenga Siqinisekile ukuba baya kukulungela kakhulu ukukunceda.
Indlela yokukhetha ukuba yeyiphi iteleskopu onokuyithenga?
Kakade ke, into yokuqala ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ziindleko. Kodwa iteleskopu esebenza ngokundilisekileyo ayibizi kakhulu. Okunokwenzeka, ukuqala, a iteleskopu yabaqalayo ixabisa malunga ne-100 yeedola. Kodwa ukuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho luphakathi kwama-200 kunye nama-300 eedola, siyakuqinisekisa ukuba uyakufumana iteleskopu, nokuba yeyohlobo lwe-refractor okanye isibonisi, eya kuba nomngxuma owaneleyo nowaneleyo nokumgangatho ophezulu.
Iindleko ziyakunxulunyaniswa nohlobo lwentaba okanye i-tripod oyiphetheyo, kunye nohlobo lwe-optics onayo. Omnye umba ekufuneka uthathelwe ingqalelo kukuba iindleko zihluke kakhulu, kuxhomekeke ekusekweni apho uya kuthenga khona.
Ke sicebisa ukuba ujikeleze kwaye ujonge kakhulu okanye, ngcono noko, khangela ukuba kukho abathengisi kwindawo yakho, kuba amaxabiso angcono afumaneka kubathengisi nakwiivenkile ezigxile kwizixhobo kunye nezixhobo. iiteleskopu ngeenkwenkwezi. Nangona sihlala sinomthombo wokuzithenga kwi-intanethi kunye nokufumana isipho esilungileyo, ngenxa yesi sizathu sincoma ukuba uhlolisise onke amathuba okwazi. yintoni teleskopu ukuthenga
Iintlobo ze-optics kunye nokunyuka ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi iteleskopu onokuyithenga
Xa usenza isigqibo ngeteleskopu onokuthi uyithenge, kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo imibuzo emibini ebalulekileyo: uhlobo lwe-optics kunye nodidi lwentaba, kwaye ngenxa yoko siza kukunika uncedo lwethu.
Iintlobo ze-optics
Njengoko besichazile ngaphambili, kukho iindidi ezimbini, i-refractor kunye ne-reflector.
iteleskopu ehlaziyayo
Kufuneka sazi ukuba uluhlu oluluncedo lweteleskopu lunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nobukhulu bayo okanye indawo yokuvula. Ukuba yiteleskopu yomntu oqalayo, enye yohlobo lwe-refractor, ephakathi kwe-60mm kunye ne-90mm, okanye isibonisi esiphakathi kwe-100mm kunye ne-200mm.
Iimpawu, izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo kwiTelescope yeRefractor
- Iiteleskopu eziRefract zakhiwe ngeelensi kuphela.
- Ifuna phantse akukho sondlo.
- Kulula ukuyisebenzisa njengobubanzi bokubona.
- Ilunge kakhulu ukujonga izinto zeSolar System.
- Zincinci okanye zivuleke phakathi.
- Ukuba sifuna amandla aphakathi, ityhubhu ingaba nkulu kwaye ingabonakali.
Ukubonakalisa iteleskopu
Ubuchwephesha beeteleskopu zohlobo lwe-reflector, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziiteleskopu zohlobo lweNewton, zisekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kwezipili ezigobileyo.
Iimpawu, izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zeTelescope eReflector
- Ukuvuleka okungaphezulu, kwaye ngenxa yeso sizathu amandla amaninzi, ngexabiso elifikelelekayo. Iya kukunika izinto ezininzi ezinokwenzeka zokujonga.
- Ilungele ukujonga zombini iSolar System kunye nezinto ezityhafileyo ezifana ne-nebulae kunye neminyele.
- Ukwazi ubuchule obufanelekileyo, unokwakha ngokwakho, ngaphandle mhlawumbi kuya kufuneka uthenge isibuko se-parabolic.
- I-tube ivuliwe, ayinayo i-lens eyivalayo, ngenxa yeso sizathu isibuko, esibekwe phantsi kombhobho, sidinga ukugcinwa, oku kulo mzekelo kuqulethwe ukuyithumela kwi-aluminize ngamaxesha ambalwa, kuxhomekeke ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuphathwa kwayo.
- Ukuma okufuneka kuthathwe ukuba kuqwalaselwe ngamanye amaxesha kunokusenza singonwabi, kuba i-eyepiece ingaphambili kwaye indawo yayo ingaba phantsi kakhulu okanye iphezulu kakhulu.
iteleskopu yecatadioptric
Ezi zikhethekileyo, luhlobo lwe iteleskopu yobuchwephesha, ngenxa yokuba iiteleskopu ze-catadioptric zakhiwe kumxube weelensi kunye nezibuko, zinokufumaneka kunye namagama ohlobo lweSchmidt-Cassegrain, Maksutov, kunye nabanye.
Iimpawu, izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zeCatadioptric Telescope
- Ifuna phantse akukho sondlo.
- Ukuvulwa kwabo kunokuba phakathi okanye kukhulu kunye ne-tube emfutshane kunye ne-compact, ngoko kulula ukuyiphatha kunye nokuthutha.
- Ukhululekile ukufakwa kunye nokuqwalaselwa.
- Iindleko eziphezulu.
iintlobo zentaba
Isibakala sokuba iteleskopu inezixhobo zokukhanya ezilungileyo ayinamsebenzi ukuba ayinayo indawo yokunyuka eyomeleleyo. Le yinto yesibini ekufuneka siyithathele ingqalelo xa sikhetha yintoni teleskopu ukuthenga Ukuba intaba ayizinzanga, iyangcangcazela, okanye ayisivumeli ukuba senze iintshukumo ezichanekileyo, iya kuthintela ngokupheleleyo ukujonga kwethu, siya kuziva sikhungathekile sizama ukuqondisa umbono wethu kwinto ethile ngaphandle kokukwazi ukwenza njalo.
Iindidi zokuxhoma kweteleskopu ezidla ngokusetyenziswa yi-azimuth, i-equatorial, kunye nekhompyuter:
Intaba yeAltazimuth
Intaba yealtazimuth yeyona iza kukuvumela ukuba wenze ngokuthe ngqo ukuthambeka phezulu-phantsi nasekhohlo.
Iimpawu, izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo kwiNtaba yeAltazimuth
- Ilula, ithatha indawo encinci. Uqoqosho ngakumbi.
- Ukubonisana, kukho uhlobo lweDobson, olufana nebhokisi elilula elibekwe phantsi.
- Ukulandelwa kweenkwenkwezi kufuneka kwenziwe ngesandla.
I-equatorial mount telescope
Intaba ye-ikhweyitha yeyona isetyenziswa ngokubeka i-axis enxusene ne-axis yokujikeleza koMhlaba.
Iimpawu, izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo kwintaba ye-ikhweyitha
- Ivumela ukulandelela inkwenkwezi, ukuchasana nokuhamba okujikelezayo koMhlaba, ngendlela elula yokuguqula ivili.
- Kukho izinyusi ezikwaziyo ukwenza oku kujikeleziswa ngokuzenzekelayo ngenjini.
- Ibiza kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inkulu.
- Ifuna ukufundiswa kwangaphambili kokuphathwa kwayo kunye nokudibanisa, kodwa kulula ukuyifunda.
IKhompyutha eMounted Telescope
Olu hlobo lwentaba luxhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokukhangela yekhompyutheni, yenziwe ngamacandelo e-elektroniki okwenza kube lula ukukhangela izidalwa zasezulwini, phakathi kwazo i-GOTO, i-Autostar, kunye nabanye abaninzi.
Iimpawu, izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zokunyuka kwekhompyuter
- Khangela kwaye ulandele izinto eziza kujongwa.
- Ixabiso liphezulu, nangona zifikeleleka ngakumbi.
- Iqela kufuneka liziqhelanise neqela phambi kokuba liqalise iseshoni yokubeka iliso.
- Yenza ubunzima obongezelelweyo kwabo basaqalayo ngokujonga ngeenkwenkwezi njengoko kunokubathintela ekuzifundeleni ngokwabo.
Kuthekani ukuba yiteleskopu yomntwana?
Ngamanye amaxesha, ngabantwana abacela iteleskopu njengesipho. Kubalulekile ukukhuthaza olu hlobo lwesayensi yokuzonwabisa kubo, ngoko ke ithuba akufanele liphoswe. Ingcebiso yethu kukuba ungamniki iteleskopu enexabiso eliphantsi, kuba uya kudana kwaye adane.
Kufanelekile ukumthengela iteleskopu yokuqala yokujonga ehlangabezana neemfuno ebesikhe sazikhankanya ngaphambili, ukumbandakanya kwinkqubo yokuthenga, ukuze afunde ukubaluleka kwamanyathelo kunye nezinto eziyenzayo, ukuze sikhuthaze. emntwaneni ukuthanda ukufunda ngeenkwenkwezi, kwaye, nokuba akayi kuba sisazi ngeenkwenkwezi esikrelekrele kwixesha elizayo, kuyo nayiphi na imeko siya kube simnika into yokuzonwabisa enomdla kakhulu eya kwenza ukucinga kwakhe kwandiswe kwezinye iindawo zesayensi.
Lubaluleke kangakanani ukwanda? xa sithatha isigqibo sokuthenga iteleskopu?
Ukukhuliswa akunantsingiselo ngokwenene, nangona intengiso kwibhokisi isitsho, kuba ayihambelani neteleskopu ngokwayo, kodwa kwisiqwenga esongezelelweyo esiyiso.
Into eqhelekileyo kukukwazi ukubala kwimizobo yamehlo emibini okanye emithathu yokwandiswa okwahlukileyo, kuba umzimba ngamnye wegumbi lesibhakabhaka udinga ukukhuliswa okuthile ukuze ukwazi ukujongwa kakuhle. Ngoko ke, ngamanye amaxesha kuya kuba ngcono ukusebenzisa ezininzi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuya kuba ngcono ukusebenzisa ezimbalwa.
Ukwandiswa kufuneka kuhambelane nodidi lweteleskopu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuvuleka kabini kwiimilimitha kuthathwa njengomlinganiselo wokwandisa. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwiteleskopu eyi-60mm, umda wokukhulisa li-120. Kodwa zonke ezo zikhululo zinokusetyenziswa kuphela ngendlela ebonakalayo kumathuba awodwa, njengokujonga inyanga, iimeko zeatmosfera.
Ingxaki kukuba, amaxesha amaninzi, ukuba kubekwe ulwandiso olungaphezulu, akukho nto inokubonwa, kuba yonke into iya kuba mfiliba kakhulu kwaye neenkcukacha zomzimba wesibhakabhaka esiwujongileyo ziya kulahleka. Ke ukuba imeko yeteleskopu ibhengeza ukuba inobubanzi obuyi-60mm, kodwa nge-425x yokukhulisa, siyakucebisa ukuba ungayithengi.
Inokuthi ichazwe ukuba kuyacetyiswa ukuba i-eyepiece ibe nokuphakama okuphantsi, okusiqinisekisayo ukuba inika indawo enkulu yokujonga, njengokuba kunjalo namehlo avela kwi-25mm ukuya kwi-40mm. Into eqhelekileyo kukuba azifakwanga kwiteleskopu, kwaye kufuneka sizifumane ngokwahlukeneyo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo sikucebisa ukuba uthenge, kunye nezilumkiso esizenzileyo ngaphambili, kuba ngaphandle kwe-eyepiece ungafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba i-telescope yakho ibonakala imbi okanye kunzima kakhulu ukuba ufumane izinto esibhakabhakeni.
Ukufumana okungakumbi ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi iteleskopu onokuyithenga
Mhlawumbi olu lwazi aluyimfuneko kangako ekuqaleni, kodwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko sibonisa ukuba olunye uphawu olunokuthi lube nefuthe yintoni teleskopu ukuthenga bubude bojoliso, obunxulunyaniswa nobungakanani okanye ubude bombhobho, kunye nomlinganiselo wojoliso, obhekiselele ekubeni mangaphi amaxesha amakhulu obude bojoliso ngokunxulumene nendawo yokuvula.
Umzekelo woku inokuba ukuba i-aperture yi-60mm, kwaye ubude befocal yi-600mm, nto leyo ephinda-phindwe ka-10 i-aperture, ngoko umlinganiselo wefocal iya kuba yi-10. Kwimeko yeteleskopu ingabonakaliswa ngolu hlobo: f/10.
Ukuba umlinganiselo wojoliso umncinci, yithi ngaphantsi kwe-6, iteleskopu iya kuqaqamba, ilungele ukujonga izinto ezibuthathaka ezifana ne-nebula okanye iminyele. Ukuba lide, elithathwa ngaphezu kwe-8, uya kuba nomlinganiselo obalaseleyo wokujonga iiplanethi zesixokelelwano selanga, njengeenyanga, iisathelayithi kunye neeplanethi. Umlinganiselo wojoliso ophakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-10 uya kuboniswa ukuba ukwazi ukujonga phantse yonke into. Nantoni na engaphandle koluhlu lomlinganiselo ayikhuthazwa, ubuncinane kwiteleskopu yokuqala.
Ubude bokujongwa buya kubonisa ubungakanani bokwandiswa kwe-eyepiece enokunikezela. Ukwenza oku udinga nje ukwahlula ubude obugxininise beteleskopu ngobude obugxininise beso sixhobo samehlo, esidla ngokuba linani eliprintwa kwisixhobo samehlo ngeemilimitha. Umzekelo wolu balo lulandelayo: ubude be-telescope focal = 1000 mm, kunye ne-25 mm eyepiece, ukwahlula i-1000 / 25 kuya kunika inani le-40x yokukhulisa.
Enye ingcebiso ukuze ukhethe ukuba yeyiphi iteleskopu oza kuyithenga
Nanini na xa ufuna ukuthenga iteleskopu okanye nasiphi na esinye isixhobo seenkwenkwezi, kucetyiswa ukuba uye kwindlu ekhethekileyo. Apho ngokuqinisekileyo uya kufumana umgangatho, iindidi kunye namaxabiso angcono.
Emva kokuba ugqibe ukuba yeyiphi iteleskopu oza kuyithenga...
Ukuba sele uyithengile, qhubeka uyikhuphe ngononophelo olugqithisileyo kwaye ulandele imiyalelo ekwibhokisi ukuze uyihlanganise. Emva kokuba uxhobile, fumana imephu yesibhakabhaka okanye uncedo lwabanye abahlobo abawaziyo lo mbandela kwaye baqalise ukufumana izidalwa zasezulwini. Ukuba ufumene iqela lokujonga kufutshane nendawo ohlala kuyo, siyakucebisa ukuba uzibandakanye nabo, de ube uziqhelanisa ngokwaneleyo ukuze ukwazi ukuzenzela ngokwakho.
Kufuneka sikulumkise kwakhona ukuba ukujonga ngeteleskopu akufani nokubona iifoto, ngoko ke izidalwa zasezulwini odibana nazo aziyi kubonwa ngobungakanani obukhulu okanye ngombala, kwaye, nangayiphi na imeko, ayiqhelekanga ukuba ungayibona. izinto kwithuba lokuqala. Kuthatha ukuziqhelanisa ukuqeqesha amehlo akho kwaye uwaqhelanise nalo msebenzi. Musa ukuphelelwa lithemba ukuba kukuthatha iinyanga ezimbalwa ukuyenza.
Obunye ubuchule bokubona omawufunde bubandakanya ukufumana indawo emnyama, ukuzikhusela kwingqele nakwixesha lasehlotyeni, ukuba nesibane esibomvu esiluncedo ukujonga iimephu ukuze umbono wakho unganxiliswa kukukhanya okumhlophe, ungaze ubeke iteleskopu yakho kwi-asphalt okanye umphezulu. ezikhupha ubushushu okanye kwiindawo apho umoya oshushu wenzeka khona.