Kuninzi lwabantu benkolo akuyomfihlakalo ukuba iBhayibhile yamaKristu yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: iTestamente Endala kunye neTestamente eNtsha. Kokugqibela, izicatshulwa ezahlukeneyo zinokugqanyiswa, ezaziwa ngokuba ziivangeli. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba ligama elivakala liqhelekile kuthi elunqulweni, ayinguye wonke umntu ozaziyo kanye ukuba zithini na iivangeli.
Ukukukhupha ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo kwaye uyicacise kakuhle le ngcamango, siza kuchaza kweli nqaku ukuba zithini na ezi zibhalo zeBhayibhile, zingaphi, kunye noshwankathelo olufutshane lwaso ngasinye. Ke ukuba awukacaci malunga nokuba zithini na iindaba ezilungileyo, ndincoma ukuba uqhubeke ufunda.
Ziziphi iincwadi zevangeli esizifumana eBhayibhileni?
Igama elithi "iVangeli" livela kwisiLatini kwaye linokuguqulelwa ngokuthi "iindaba ezilungileyo". Imalunga nengxelo yobomi namazwi kaYesu waseNazarete. Ngamanye amazwi: Ziindaba ezilungileyo (okanye iindaba ezilungileyo) zokuzaliseka kwedinga uThixo awalenza kuIsake, uYakobi noAbraham. Kuyo wathembisa ukuba wayeya kuyikhulula inzala yakhe esonweni ngokufa kukaYesu Kristu, okuphela koNyana amzeleyo. Wayeza kufa ukuze acamagushele isono esichaphazela uluntu lonke, kodwa wayeza kuvuka emva kweentsuku ezintathu ukuze anike inguquko noxolelo kubo bonke abakholwayo kuye.
Ngoko ke, ukuze siphendule umbuzo wokuba ziyintoni na iincwadi zevangeli, sinokuthi ziyimibhalo eyabhalwa ngamaKristu okuqala. Aba baqokelela intshumayelo yantlandlolo yabafundi bonyana kaThixo, uYesu waseNazarete. Esona sigidimi singundoqo abasidluliselayo seso sihlobene nokufa kunye nokuvuka kukaYesu Kristu.
Zingaphi iivangeli?
ITestamente eNtsha yeBhayibhile iqulethe iincwadi zevangeli ezine, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziincwadi zevangeli eziphefumlelweyo. Ezi zigqalwa njengenxalenye yeSityhilelo, ngokwezovumo zobuKristu. Nangona ezinye iingcali ziphakamisa imihla yokuqala yokudalwa kwazo, uninzi lwazo lucinga ukuba iincwadi zevangeli ezine zabhalwa malunga ne-65 ukuya kwi-100 yeminyaka AD Nganye yazo iyaziwa ngegama lombhali wayo kwaye zivela ngolu hlobo:
- Mateo
- Marcos
- Lucas
- juan
Ngaphandle kweencwadi zevangeli eziphefumlelweyo, kukwakho neminye imibhalo, eyaziwa ngokuba iincwadi zevangeli ezingaphefumlelwanga. Ngokungafaniyo nabangaphambili, ezi azigqalwa yiCawa yamaKristu njengezithembekileyo okanye njengemibhalo ephefumlelwe nguThixo. Noko ke, amanye amaqela asuka kulwahlulo lobuKristu, olwalukho ebudeni beenkulungwane zokuqala zobukho babo, azigqala njengezibhalo. Enye yezona zinto zizingisayo koku yiGnostic, eyona nto iye yanegalelo kwezi ncwadi zevangeli zingaphefumlelwanga. Olunye uluntu lwamaKristu oluthatha ezi zibhalo njengezithembekileyo ludla ngokuba lugcina ubudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nesithethe samaJuda.
Isishwankathelo seevangeli ezingcwele
Ngoku siyazi ukuba ivangeli zithini na, makhe sibone ukuba zingantoni na. Kumele kutshiwo ukuba iincwadi zevangeli ezine eziphefumlelweyo zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini. Eyokuqala iya kuba ziincwadi zevangeli, ezibandakanya uMarko, uMateyu noLuka, ezigcina ukufana nokuzalana okuthile malunga nokubalisa kunye nomxholo. Kwelinye icala, iVangeli kaYohane, okanye iVangeli yesine, yahlulahlulwe ngokwahlukeneyo, ekubeni iye yaphawuleka kakhulu iyantlukwano ngokwemixholo nesimbo ngokunxulumene nezinye ezithathu. Makhe sizibone ngokweenkcukacha.
IVangeli likaMateyu
Ivangeli yokuqala yeTestamente eNtsha yileyo kaMateyu. Kwi, lo mpostile ubalisa ukuba uYesu waseNazarete uyagatywa njengoMesiya kaSirayeli aze ngenxa yoko abulawe. Emva koko, uYesu Kristu uvakalisa umgwebo kuSirayeli yaye uphela sele ekuphela kosindiso lwabantu abalungileyo nabathantamisayo.
Ngesi sibhalo, ungquzulwano kunye nemilo eyayikho phakathi koluntu lwevangeli kunye namanye amaYuda ibonakaliswe. Ukususela kwabo bamva, emva kokugatya uKristu, oko kubizwa ngokuba “buBukumkani bamazulu” kuthathiwe, okuye kwaba kobeCawa. Eyona njongo yeVangeli kaMateyu yayikukubonisa la maYuda ukuba uYesu Kristu wayenguMesiya ekwakukudala emlindile.
IVangeli likaMarko
Emva koko kuza iVangeli kaMarko. Ibalisa ngobomi, imimangaliso, amazwi, nolungiselelo lukaYesu Krestu. Ngokungafaniyo noMateyu, ochaza uYesu waseNazarete njengoMesiya. UMarko unika ukubaluleka ngakumbi kwinkalo yomkhonzi kaThixo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba yeyona vangeli imfutshane ye-canonical, kodwa nayo indala, ngokweengcali.
IVangeli kaLuka
Kwindawo yesithathu kukho incwadi yeVangeli kaLuka, eyona inde kwezona zibhalo zingcwele. Lo mbhalo ubalisa ngobomi bukaYesu, unikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekuzalweni kwakhe, kubulungiseleli basesidlangalaleni awabudalayo, ukufa kwakhe, ukuvuka kwakhe nokunyukela kwakhe ezulwini. Injongo kaLuka yayikukufikelela abantu abangayilandeliyo le nkcubeko, ababengaphandle kokholo, ukubabonisa ukuba sasiyintoni na isigidimi sosindiso. Ngoko ke, IVangeli kaLuka ngokucacileyo inenjongo yokwalusa. Injongo yalo mpostile kukubonisa uYesu Kristu njengoMsindisi, ebalaselisa ngaphezu kwayo yonke inceba yakhe.
IVangeli likaYohane
Okokugqibela, kusafuneka sithethe ngevangeli yesine: IVangeli kaYohane. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, esi sicatshulwa sahluke kancinane kwezinye, kwisimbo saso sokubalisa kunye nomxholo waso. Phakathi kwezona mpawu zibalulekileyo zolu bhalo uphawu lwayo lwenkonzo kunye nomfuziselo. Esi sibhalo sigxininisa ngokuyintloko kubulungiseleli basesidlangalaleni bukaYesu nakwimithendeleko yamaYuda elandelelanayo, kuquka uMthendeleko Wonikezelo, uMthendeleko weMinquba, nePasika. Ngokutsho kweengcali ezininzi kunye nabaphengululi beBhayibhile, iVangeli kaYohane inomntu ophawulekayo ongaqondakaliyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngalo lonke olu lwazi ndiye ndacacisa ukuba zeziphi iivangeli. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba sinokwazi ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi kwento abayiyo kwaye singenise iinjongo zabo, kungcono ukuba sizifundele ngokwethu ukuze siziqonde nzulu, nangaphandle kokuba ngamakholwa.