Ngenisa eli nqaku linomdla apho ungafunda nathi loluphi ulwimi uYesu awalithetha nabafundi bakhe. Le yayiyindlela iNkosi yayinxibelelana ngayo nabafundi bayo xa yayishumayela ilizwi likaThixo emhlabeni.
UYesu wayethetha luphi ulwimi nabafundi bakhe?
UYesu ngexesha lobomi bakhe kunye nomsebenzi wakhe wasesidlangalaleni emhlabeni wayenxibelelana nabantu ebafundisa umyalezo woBukumkani bukaThixo ngemizekeliso. Apho unokufunda ngakumbi kule khonkco: Eyona ilungileyo imizekeliso kaYesu kunye nentsingiselo yayo yebhayibhile.
UYesu ngamabali athelekisayo, afuziselayo, abonakalisayo kwaye athembekileyo wafundisa abantu, ukuze bawuqonde umyalezo kaThixo. Kodwa uYesu wayenxibelelana njani nabafundi bakhe? okanye,Luluphi ulwimi uYesu awaluthetha nabafundi bakhe?
Ngeli xesha siza kwenza dissertation kwesi sihloko, siqala ngeelwimi ekunokwenzeka ukuba uYesu wazithetha wazazi kakuhle. Kananjalo nokuchonga loluphi ulwimi uYesu awalithetha nabafundi bakhe kunye nabanye abantu.
Njengendlela yokufumana ukuqonda okungcono kwesihloko, kamva kweli nqaku. Kuya kubakho uhlalutyo olufutshane ngemeko yezembali apho uYesu wahambela khona, ngakumbi ngokubhekisele kwindawo, ixesha, amasiko kunye nenkcubeko.
Zeziphi iilwimi awazithethayo uYesu?
Akukho mathandabuzo okuba uYesu wahamba emhlabeni, efundisa ilizwi likaYise uThixo kunye nomyalezo woBukumkani bakhe. Kuyaziwa kwakhona ukuba ngexesha lobomi bakhe basesidlangalaleni, uYesu wayehamba nabafundi bakhe abalishumi elinambini.
Nangona kunjalo, nanamhlanje kukho inkalo enye yobomi bukaYesu esalungiselela ingxoxo. Esi sihloko sithetha loluphi ulwimi uYesu awalithetha nabafundi bakhe kwaye ngokubanzi nabo bonke abantu ngelixa wayehleli emhlabeni.
Ukucacisa oku, abanye ababhali-mbali basikhanyisela ngeelwimi ezazinokuthethwa nguYesu. Okokuqala, ababhali-mbali abaninzi bayavuma ukuba ulwimi lwesiHebhere yayilulwimi olwaluthethwa ziinkokheli zamaJuda, izifundiswa kunye neengcali zomthetho kaMoses.
Okwesibini, bayavuma ukuba ulwimi lwemihla ngemihla oluthethwa nguYesu lwalululwimi lwesiAramiki. Nangona ngokuqinisekileyo uYesu wayelufundile ulwimi lwesiHebhere sookhokho bakhe.
Okwesithathu, ababhali-mbali bacinga ukuba uYesu wayengenakulindeleka ukuba athethe kakuhle isiLatini, kodwa kunoko ngolwimi lwesiGrike. Kwaye kukuba ngexesha likaYesu ummandla wasePalestina wawuyinkcubeko, apho ukongeza kwiilwimi zesiHeberu nesiAramiki, isiLatin nesiGrike kwakuthethwa ngazo.
IsiLatin yayilulwimi lwabantu baseRoma kuloo mmandla njengombuso olawulayo wezopolitiko. Kwinxalenye yayo, isiGrike, ngenxa yemisebenzi yorhwebo, yayilolunye lweelwimi ezazithethwa yimimandla yasePalestina.
Iilwimi ezazithethwa ngabafundi bakaYesu
Ngokubhekisele kubafundi bakaYesu, aba yayingamaYuda, phantse bonke babevela eGalili kwaye nangona abanye babo babekwazi ukufunda isiGrike. Nangona kunjalo, bonke babeza kunxibelelana ikakhulu ngesi-Aramu kwaye, ngaphezulu koko, babesazi ngokulinganayo isiHebhere njengomfundisi wabo uYesu.
Sele ndithethile, kunye nokuphendula umbuzo:Luluphi ulwimi uYesu awaluthetha nabafundi bakhe? Ngokuqinisekileyo, olu yayilulwimi lwesiAramiki njengolwimi lonxibelelwano lwemihla ngemihla phakathi kwabo, kodwa inokuba babenxibelelana ngolwimi lookhokho babo, ulwimi lwesiHebhere.
Kodwa, kukwakho uluvo lomfundisi-ntsapho wakwa-Israeli okanye urabi ocacisa ukuba uYesu kunokwenzeka ukuba wayethetha ngesiAramaic. Kwaye walwazi kakuhle nolwimi lwesiHebhere, kuba imibhalo engcwele yayibhalwe ikakhulu kolo lwimi, kwaye ezinye iinxalenye zazibhalwe ngesiAramaic.
Luluphi ulwimi uYesu awaluthetha nabafundi bakhe nabanye?
Lo mfundisi-ntsapho wakwa-Israyeli wongeza ukuba, ngexesha likaYesu, isiHebhere yayilulwimi olwaluthethwa phakathi kwabantu abakumgangatho ophantsi. Mhlawumbi ngolu lwazi kwaye esazi ukuba olu luhlobo lwabantu uYesu awayefika kubo, mhlawumbi wayethetha nabantu ngesiHebhere.
Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwababhali-mbali, abagxeki beBhayibhile kunye nezinye iimfundiso zenkolo; Bayavuma ukuba olona lwimi lusetyenziswayo nguYesu lolona lwesiAramiki.
Bonke aba baphandi baqinisekisa ukuba uYesu akazange asebenzise isiLatin xa ethetha. Bakholelwa ukuba ewe, nokuba uYesu wayesazi isiGrike ngokuchitha ixesha elininzi lobomi bakhe kwingingqi yaseGalili.
IGalili yayingummandla wokuhamba okukhulu kwezorhwebo kunye nokuhamba kwabangaphandle, uninzi lwamaGrike. Ulwimi lwesiGrike lwalululwimi olungaphaya kwemida yaseRoma, olwaluthethwa ngabaphathi balo, nakwizixeko zaseDekapoli apho inkcubeko yayiphambili khona yayingamaGrike.
Ngokwesiqhelo, isiLatin sasithethwa ngaphezu kwabo bonke ngoosopolitiki nakwezomkhosi kurhulumente waseRoma owawuphethe ngexesha likaYesu.
Ixesha xa uYesu wayehamba nabafundi bakhe
INkosi uYesu Krestu wazalwa ngexesha apho umhlaba wasePalestine wawuphantsi kolawulo lwezopolitiko kubukhosi baseRoma. IRoma yayisele iqokelele amandla alo kulo mmandla, emva koloyiso lwesixeko sase Yerusalem, kwiminyaka engama-64 phambi kokuzalwa kuka Yesu.
Jikelele uPompey Omkhulu wayeyinkokheli yamaRoma ukuphumelela ekubanjweni kweYerusalem. Yile ndlela, ngaloo maxesha, iRoma yayinika ngokucacileyo iinkolelo zamandla ayo oyisayo.
Ukoyisa ubukhosi bakhe obukhulu imimandla eyayijikeleze ummandla weMeditera, oko kukuthi, nakwintshona-mpuma- kwicala lasentshona: Ukusuka eSpain kuye eCarthage. IRoma nayo ikwazile ukoyisa kwaye iseke ubukhosi phezu kobukumkani baseGrisi, isenza ukuba ixesha lamagunya amaGrike amaGrike anyamalale.
Oko kwathiwa, kubalulekile ukubona indlela uThixo alikhetha ngokuchanekileyo eli xesha lokuba uNyana wakhe azalwe. Ixesha apho, indawo awayeza kuzalelwa kuyo uMesiya kumthunywa kaThixo, yavelisa iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo okanye impucuko eyahlukileyo kweyamaYuda.
Ngokuhambelana nezibhalo, lo mxholo wembali usivumela ukuba sisiqonde ngcono isicatshulwa sebhayibhile esivela kwiVangeli kaYohane. Ke yena uYesu, eza ehlabathini olwenziwayo ngaye, esenzela yena, kodwa ihlabathi alamazi.
UYohane 1: 11-14 (PDT): 11 Weza emhlabeni wakhe; kodwa abakhe abamamkelanga. 12 Ke kwabo bamamkelayo bakholwa kuye, ubanike igunya lokuba ngabantwana bakaThixo.13 Bangabantwana bakaThixo, kodwa abazalwanga ngokwasemzimbeni; ayinanto yakwenza nesenzo somntu okanye umnqweno wakhe. Ngaba abantwana bakhe kuba uThixo ufuna njalo. 14 ULizwi ke waba ngumntu, wahlala phakathi kwethu, ezele luthando nenyaniso. Sabubukela ubungangamsha bakhe awabunikwa nguNyana okuphela kwamzeleyo, uYise.
UYesu Kristu ke akazalwanga nangaliphi na ixesha okanye indawo. Kungenxa yokuba le meko yezembali isibeka kwixesha nendawo apho uThixo wayecwangcise kwisicwangciso sakhe esigqibeleleyo ukumisela abantu bakhe kwindalo iphela, ibandla likaYesu Krestu.
Abantu kwindalo iphela abaya kuba kukuzaliseka kwesithembiso sikaThixo ku-Abraham:
IGenesis 22:17 (NASB): Ngokuqinisekileyo ndiya kukusikelela ndikusikelele; Njengeenkwenkwezi zezulu, nanjengentlabathi eselunxwemeni lolwandle; imbewu yakho ilidle ilifa isango leentshaba zayo;
KumaGalatiya 3:16 (NASB): Ngoku kwenziwa izithembiso ku-Abraham nakwimbewu yakhe. Hayi ithi: «kwaye kwimbewu», Ngokubhekisa kuninzi, Sino kunokuba ku: "Kwaye wena inzala», Oko kukuthi, Kristu.
Iilwimi ngexesha likaYesu
Ngexesha likaYesu nakwiindawo awayehamba kuzo, iiligi zamaSemite eziqhelekileyo zamaYuda nawo athethwa ngawo. Unokufumana ezinye iinkcubeko ezithetha ezinye iilwimi ezinje ngesiLatini nesiGrike.
IsiAramiki:
Ulwimi lwesiAramiki lwalulolunye lweelwimi ezimbini zamaSemite ezazithethwa ngamaJuda ngexesha likaYesu. Olu lwimi lwesiAramiki lwalunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nolwimi lwesiHebhere; kwaye amaxesha amathathu aphambili anokuhlukaniswa nayo:
- Ixesha lakudala: IAramaic yakudala yayiphakathi kwenkulungwane yesithoba neyesine ngaphambi kwexesha lamaKristu.
- Ixesha eliphakathi: Olu lwimi lwesiAramiki lolwexesha eliphakathi kwenkulungwane yesithathu ngaphambi kwexesha lamaKristu, ukuya kuthi ga kumakhulu amabini eminyaka emva kukaKristu.
- Ixesha emva kwexesha: Esi Aramaic sifumaneka kwisithuba esiphakathi kwamakhulu amabini anethoba eminyaka emva kukaKristu.
Ulwimi lwesiAramiki ngexesha likaYesu yileloPhakathi. Kodwa ngeli xesha unokukwazi ukwahlula iindlela ezimbini zokuthetha.
I-Aramaic eyayithetha eGalili kunye nalowo wayethetha kwingingqi yeJudiya, eyayiyinkunzi yeYerusalem. IsiAramiki saseGalili, nolulwimi uYesu awalithetha nabafundi bakhe, kwakulula ukwahlula.
Kangangokuba amaJuda akummandla wakwaYuda ahlekisa ngentetho yamaGalili. Ebaqonda kwangoko ngokuthetha, umvangeli uMateyu ubhala athi:
UMateyu 26:73 (NASB): Kungekudala emva koko, abo babelapho beza kuPeter bathi: -Ngokwenyani nawe ungomnye wabo. Nakwindlela yokuthetha kwakho iyabonisa.
NgesiHebhereOlunye ulwimi lwamaSemite oluthethwa ikakhulu ziinkokheli zamaJuda kunye nabatoliki bomthetho.
IntlunguUkusukela ekwandeni kobukumkani bamaGrike, le nkcubeko, kunye nolwimi lwesiGrike, zakwazi ukungena kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kunye noluntu lwenkcubeko yamaYuda. Ngakumbi eGalili naseNazarete, isixeko sobuntwana nobutsha bukaYesu.
Apho abahlali bahlala khona baqhelene nolwimi lwesiGrike ngenxa yentengiselwano nolawulo lwelo xesha.
Indawo apho uYesu wayehamba khona nabafundi bakhe
UYesu wahamba nabafundi bakhe kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo nakwizixeko eza kwenza umsebenzi wakhe wasemhlabeni. Zonke ezi ndawo zazizezommandla wasePalestine, ebekwe kumjikelezo osempuma wolwandle lweMeditera.
Kwaye oko, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kwakuyinxalenye yoBukhosi obukhulu baseRoma. Ukuze ukwazi ukuzifumana ngcono ngale ndawo, ndincoma ukuba ungene kwaye ubone apha: The Imephu yasePalestine ngexesha likaYesu.
Kweli nqaku linomdla uhlalutyo lwommandla esele lwenziwe, olusenza ukuba siqonde ngakumbi ixabiso lomyalezo kunye nobukhulu beNkosi uYesu Krestu. Ngendlela efanayo, izinto ezinje ngombutho wezopolitiko, iimfundiso zenkolo, amaqela ezentlalo kunye nenxalenye yommandla wasePalestine ngala maxesha ayanyangwa.
Namhlanje zonke iindawo ahamba kuzo uYesu nabafundi bakhe zaziwa njengeLizwe eliNgcwele. Nangona kunjalo, lo mhlaba awunakanwa njengelizwe ngaphakathi kweZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-UN), uthathelwa ingqalelo kuphela njengendawo, i-Territory yasePalestine.
Okwangoku, i-Palestina Territory imi kwindawo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Middle East. Nangona uThixo wayenokuyikhetha iRoma njengendawo awazalelwa kuyo uNyana wakhe uYesu, nanjengoko yayisesona sixeko siphambili nesiphambili soBukhosi baseRoma banamhlanje belo xesha, kodwa akenzi njalo.
Endaweni yoko, uThixo uyalibhida ilizwe ngokukhetha indawo efihlakeleyo yoBukhosi baseRoma ukuba ibe yindawo apho uYesu wayeza kwenza khona ubomi bakhe kunye nomsebenzi woluntu.
Belen
Indawo eyanyulwa nguThixo ukuzalisekisa isiprofeto esavakaliswa ngabaprofeti, malunga nokuzalwa kukaMesiya, yayiyidolophu yaseBhetelehem:
UMika 5: 2 (NIV): Wena, Belen UEfrata, umncinci ukuba phakathi kweentsapho zakwaYuda; kodwa oya kuba yiNkosi uya kuphuma kuwe KwaSirayeli. Imvelaphi yayo ibuyela kwasekuqaleni, kwiintsuku zanaphakade.
UYosefu noMariya babehlala kwisixeko saseNazarete, kummandla waseGalili, kodwa kwafuneka bafudukele kwidolophu yaseBhetelehem, isixeko abazalelwa kuso kummandla wakwaYuda. Olu hambo lwenzeka ngoxa uMariya wayekhulelwe uYesu nangenxa yobalo lwabantu olwaluyalelwe nguMlawuli waseRoma ngelo xesha, uAgasto Kesare.
Onke amaJuda kwafuneka abhalise kwindawo yabo yokuzalwa kwaye bobabini uYosefu noMariya babevela eBhetelehem. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuzalwa kukaYesu, uYosefu noMariya bahamba nosana besiya eYerusalem.
Kuba zazisondela iintsuku zokubhiyozela umthendeleko wokuhlanjululwa kwamaJuda etempileni, kwafuneka bazicoce. Ukongeza, kwakufuneka bathobele noMthetho kaMoses, malunga nokunikelwa kwamazibulo kunye nokunikelwa kwedini kuThixo kwitempile yaseYerusalem. Emva koku uYosefu, uMariya nosana babuyela eNazarete yaseGalili:
ULuka 2: 39 (KJV 1960): Emva kokuba benze konke okuchazwe kumthetho weNkosi, babuyela eGalili, kwisixeko saseNazarete.
IGaliliya
IGalili yayiyindawo apho uninzi lobomi bukaYesu babusenzeka khona, inyani yokuba empuma yalo mmandla liChibi laseGenesarete, elibizwa ngokuba luLwandle lwaseGalili. Yanyanzela abemi abaninzi baseGalili ukuba baphuhle kummandla wonxweme olusentshona lweli chibi likhulu.
Ukuba kuloo ndawo yeyona ndawo intle yelizwe elinokulima nelineziqhamo eGalili, kunye nommandla wonke wasePalestine. Le mihlaba ichumayo yaseGalili yayilawulwa ngabanini-mhlaba abambalwa abakhulu, uninzi lwabo lusuka eYerusalem.
Umhlaba oseleyo waseGalili wawunabantu abambalwa abakumgangatho ophakathi, ababengabarhwebi namagcisa. Ngokumalunga nodidi oluhlwempuzekileyo okanye abantu abathobekileyo, babumba uninzi lwabantu baseGalili.
Ngokubanzi, abantu baseGalili babonwa njengabemi beminye imimandla yasePalestine, njengabantu abasebenza nzima, abantu abaphikisanayo nabavukeli kulawulo lwaseRoma. Ngokuchasene namaYuda akummandla wakwaYuda awayezinze kwaye amisela urhulumente oxubeneyo phakathi kweRoma nokumkani wakwaYuda, uHerode omkhulu.
EGalili umhlaba weentlanga
Uhambo olukhulu lwentengiso lwabaphambukeli abangabahedeni olwenzeka eGalili ngeChibi laseGenesarete. Wawenza lo mmandla waziwa njengommandla weeNtlanga okanye ubuhedeni, oko kukuthi, abantu abangengomaYuda:
UMateyu 4:15 (DHH): -Umhlaba wakwaZebhulon nowakwaNafetali, phesheya kweYordan kunxweme lolwandle: IGalili, apho bahlala khona abahedeni.
Yiyo loo nto abanye babafundi bakaYesu babevela kwisixeko saseBhethesayida, kunxweme olusempuma loLwandle lwaseGalili. Xa wayexelela uNathanayeli, naye owayeza kuba ngumfundi kamva, ngoYesu nalapho avela khona, waphendula ngale ndlela:
UJohn 1: 45-46 (NASB): 45 UFilipu waya kufuna uNathaniyeli wathi kuye: -Simfumene lowo uMoses wabhala ngaye ezincwadini zomthetho, nangabaprofeti ababhala ngaye. NguYesu, unyana kaYosefu, waseNazarete. 46 UNataniyeli wathi:Mhlawumbi into entle inokuvela eNazarete? UFelipe uphendule wathi: -Yiza ujonge.
ENazarete
INazarete, isixeko esikummandla waseGalili kumantla ePalestine, yayiyindawo apho uYesu wachitha ubuntwana bakhe kunye nolutsha kunye nabazali bakhe. Oko kukuthi, inxenye yobomi babucala beNkosi uYesu Krestu yayihlala kwesi sixeko saseNazarete.
Kwisixeko saseNazarete, ngexesha likaYesu, ubomi bemihla ngemihla kubantu abadala babedlula phakathi kwemisebenzi yasendle, umsebenzi wasekhaya kunye nezithethe zonqulo. Ngokuphathelele amakhwenkwe, amantombazana ahlala nabafazi abadala bosapho, befunda kubugcisa babo.
Ngelixa amakhwenkwe afunda imisebenzi eyenziwa ngabazali babo. Kodwa abazali babenoxanduva lokufundisa abantwana babo ngezibhalo ezingcwele, ngokubhekisele ekufundeni ngentloko ngeenkonzo zamaJuda ezazithandazwa kunqulo lukaThixo kwizindlu zesikhungu.
Kwizikolo zoorabhi, abantwana bafundiswa ngokwenkcubeko yamaJuda kwaye bafunda nokufunda imibhalo engcwele ngolwimi lwesiHebhere. Apho abantwana bafunda ngomlomo izicatshulwa zamaJuda ezinje nge: Torah, iTalmud, iMisna kunye neencwadi zabaprofeti.
Ngale ndlela amakhwenkwe namantombazana ayekulungele ukufezekisa uxanduva lwawo lwenkolo kubomi bosapho, ezindlwini zesikhungu nasetempileni ngexesha lohambo oluya eYerusalem. Ngokubhala, yafundiswa kuphela encinci kwaye ukhethe inani lamakhwenkwe.
Ngokubhekisele kulwimi olwaluthethwa eNazarete naseGalili ngokubanzi phakathi kwabahlali abangamaJuda, yayilulwimi lwesiAramiki. Kungenxa yokuba lulwimi lweenkobe apho onke amakhwenkwe okanye amantombazana angamaJuda akhuliswe khona, ngendlela efanayo, phakathi kwamaYuda abathengisa ngorhwebo lwabo konke kwenziwa ngolwimi lwesiAramiki.
Ukugqiba siyakumema ukuba uqhubeke nathi usazi ngakumbi ngeNkosi ngokufunda inqaku Ubunkokeli bukaYesuIimpawu, imirhumo kunye nokunye.
