I-Cinema, imidlalo yevidiyo kunye nochungechunge lukwazile ukuvakalisa iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, nokuba zezangoku okanye ezindala. Enye yazo esele ikhula iminyaka ethile yiNordic. Yaye akumangalisi, kuba indlela yabo yokuphila neenkolelo zabo zonqulo zinika umdla omkhulu. Kodwa ngaba uyazi ukuba yintoni iViking? Ukuba akunjalo, ndincoma ukuba ujonge eli nqaku.
Asiyi kuchaza kuphela ukuba yintoni iViking, kodwa siya kuphawula ababengabona badumileyo ngokwembali yaye zaziyintoni iinkolelo zabo zonqulo. Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe!
Yintoni iViking kwaye yenza ntoni?
Xa sithetha ngeeVikings, sibhekisela kumajoni angamaNorse awayekhe agqogqa. Babehlala kwiidolophu ezisuka eScandinavia kwaye bagqama ngaphezu kwabo bonke ngokuba ngabaqhubi beenqanawa abakhethekileyo kunye nohlaselo olwahlukeneyo kunye nokuphanga ababekwenza eYurophu. Noko ke, yayingeyiyo yonke into eyayiziimfazwe nokuphanga. IiVikings zazikwangabalobi nabalimi, phezu kwayo nje imozulu embi emakhayeni abo.
Ngokuphathelele umfazi weViking, wadlala indima ephawulekayo njengenenekazi lendlu. Uxanduva lwakhe lwalunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo noqoqosho lwabucala yaye babewuqonda umsebenzi ongakumbi xa amanye amalungu entsapho, anjengootata noonyana, beshiya ikhaya besiya kwenza amaphulo, awayenokuthabatha iiveki okanye iinyanga. Ngombulelo koku kuthatyathwa koxanduva, abafazi beViking babehlonitshwa kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, babejongene nokuqhubeka nezithethe entsatsheni nasekukhuseleni imbeko yendlu yabo.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Abasetyhini baseViking babenenqanaba elikhulu lenkululeko xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkcubeko kunye noluntu lwangoku. Babenamathuba ahlukeneyo xa kufikwa ekuzibandakanyeni noluntu kwaye oku bekungaxhomekekanga kwisini sabo, kodwa kudidi lwabo lwentlalo kunye nomnombo wabo. Ngoko ke, kwakungeyonto ingaqhelekanga ukuba ibhinqa liye emfazweni kunye namadoda, okanye ngokomzekelo, liphumeze indima ethile yezobupolitika. Abasetyhini baseNordic banokwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwaye kwakungekho ukulungiswa kokuthotyelwa kwabo ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwenzeka emva kokuba uluntu lweViking ludlulele kubuKristu.
Yiyiphi eyona Viking idumileyo?
Ngoku siyazi ukuba yintoni iViking, makhe sithethe ngayo eyona iphawulekayo. Kuze kube namhlanje, mhlawumbi owaziwa kakhulu nguRagnar Lodbrok. Oku kungenxa yodumo lwayo lwehlabathi lonke kuthotho olubizwa ngokuba yi "Vikings", ephefumlelwe libali lale ntsomi yaseNorse. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iiVikings eziye zagqama kuyo yonke imbali, ezifana nezi zilandelayo:
- U-Erik oBomvu: Ikwabizwa ngokuba ngu-Erik Thorvaldsson, le Viking yazalelwa eNorway yangoku malunga nonyaka wama-950, kwaye yagqama ekulawuleni iGreenland.
- Leif Erikson: Ungunyana kaErik oBomvu. Ngokutsho kwamabali, le Viking yafika eMelika ngaphambi kokuba uChristopher Columbus afike. Ke ngoko, ayinakuphoswa phakathi kwezona Vikings zidumileyo kwimbali.
- Ragnar Lodbrock: Bobabini uRagnar Lodbrok kunye nabo bonke oonyana bakhe bangabantu abaziwayo bembali ngenani loloyiso kunye nohlaselo abalwenzileyo eYurophu. Wayengumdlali oyintloko wochungechunge oluthi "Vikings" owakhokela umkhosi omkhulu wabahedeni owakwazi ukulawula inxalenye ebalulekileyo yaseNgilani.
- UCanute Omkhulu: Lo nguKumkani waseDenmark. Eyona nto imangalisayo yakhe kukulawula ukoyisa yonke indawo esempuma yeNgilani.
UHarald Haardrade
Phakathi kwezona Vikings zidumileyo kufuneka sigxininise uHarald Haardrade, owaziwa ngokuba nguHarald the Merciless, kuba kucingwa ukuba wayengukumkani wokugqibela weViking owayekho. Ngoxa wayeselula kakhulu, wabalekela eConstantinople. Apho wayeyinxalenye ye "Varega Guard", eyona nto yayingumlindi wobuqu wabalawuli baseByzantine.
Ngenxa yobutyebi uHarald Haardrade awabuqwebela eConstantinople, wakwazi ukwabelana ngobukumkani baseNorway nomtshana wakhe, owayebizwa ngokuba nguMagnus I Olungileyo, emnika isiqingatha sezinto zakhe. Noko ke, kungekudala emva koko, umtshana wakhe wafa phantsi kweemeko ezingaqhelekanga. Lo nto, UHarald the Merciless wakwazi ukuba nguye yedwa umlawuli waseNorway.
Emva kokuva ukuba uWilliam the Bastard, nowathi kamva waziwa njengoMnqobi, wayefuna ukuthatha iNgilani, uHarald wayila umthi ukuze abonise ukuba unelungelo lokuba ngukumkani waseNgilani. Ngenxa yoko, wathelela umntakwabo uKumkani uHarold II waseNgilani, ogama linguTostig, ukuze bahlanganise umkhosi baze baloyise elo lizwe. Behlela emantla baza basinga kwisixeko saseYork. UKumkani uHarold II wahamba nomkhosi wakhe ekhangela iiVikings ezihlaselayo kunye Wabulala ukumkani wokugqibela weViking kwidabi laseStamford Bridge. ngokukodwa nge-25 kaSeptemba wonyaka we-1066.
Ziziphi iinkolelo zonqulo awayenazo iiViking?
Njengoko uninzi lwenu sele lusazi, iiVikings zazikade zikho ngaphambili abahedeni nabakholelwa kuthixo omkhulu; nto leyo ethetha ukuba ayekholelwa koothixo abaninzi. Ezi zithixo zazimela amandla endalo nezinye izinto ezininzi. Phakathi kwaziwa kakhulu ngu-Odin, unyana wakhe uThor kunye noFreya omhle. Nangona kunjalo, ukholo lwakhe lwatshintsha ekuhambeni kwexesha njengoko ubuKristu baseScandinavia buye babambelela.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko abantu abaninzi bakukholelwayo, iiVikings zazingengobahedeni bonke ngaphambi kokuba ziguqukele kubuKristu. inkolo yamaKrestu. Uninzi lwabo lwalusele luguqukile ngokuqhubekayo. Oku kwakunokwenzeka ebudeni bokuhlasela kwawo kwamanye amazwe okanye ngeemonki ezingabavangeli basemazweni. Inani leeViking ezingamaKristu lalisanda, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba ubuKristu buthabathel’ indawo ubuhedeni ngokuthe ngcembe. Noko ke, iinkolelo zamandulo zaqhubeka zikho de kwayinkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwimbali yeeViking lwenzeka xa ookumkani babo baguqukayo kwaye bamisela ukholo lobuKristu kubantu baseNorse.
Ebudeni beminyaka yeenguqulelo zonqulo, ukholo lwamaNorse oothixo abaninzi lwaphenjelelwa bubuKristu. Uninzi lwemithombo esinike ulwazi esinalo namhlanje malunga neeVikings ibhalwe ngamaKristu. Ngoko ke akumangalisi ukuba inani elikhulu leentsomi kunye neenkcazo kunoko ihambelana nembono yobuKristu malunga neentsomi zamaNorse.
Kucacile ukuba imbali yeeVikings yaphawula iYurophu kakhulu kumaxesha amandulo. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba izinto ezininzi ezinxulumene nendlela yabo yokuphila kunye nenkcubeko ziye zafunyanwa, izinto ezininzi ziya kuhlala ziyimfihlakalo.