Iintlobo ngeentlobo zemithombo yendalo zinika isizwe ngasinye iimpawu ezizodwa kunye nezahlukeneyo, zinika ubuhle bendalo obungenakuthelekiswa nanto kuzo zonke iimbombo zomhlaba, ke ngoko, amanani asekwe kwiintlobo zezityalo, izilwanyana kunye neentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhoyo ngaphakathi kommandla ngamnye ukuseka iipropati megadiverse, inqaku elilandelayo sifunda malunga Yintoni ilizwe laseMegadiverse?
Yintoni iLizwe laseMegadiverse?
Umhlaba weplanethi wenziwe ngeemeko ezahlukeneyo zendalo ezifana ne-savannahs, imilambo, amachibi, amahlathi, amahlathi, ama-glaciers, iintlango, iintaba, iilwandle, imigxobhozo, phakathi kwabanye. Bamele iindawo ezintle zendalo, ezityebileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwiintyatyambo (imithi, izityalo, izihlahla) kunye nezilwanyana (iifelines, izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo, iintlanzi), kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ikona nganye yeplanethi yenziwe ngezinto ezenza ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukuba zikhule. indawo eyodwa neyahlukileyo kwenye
Iglowubhu yahlulahlulwe yangamazwekazi amahlanu kwaye ngalinye lenziwe liqela lamazwe aneemeko zendalo ezahlukeneyo, eqaqambisa kulo mzekelo ezo zizwe zibamba umlinganiselo ophezulu wezinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukeneyo kwisijikelezi-langa somhlaba, ezaziwa ngokuba ngamazwe ase-megadiverse. Bachongwa phakathi ku-1998 liZiko lokuJonga i-Environmental Conservation Monitoring Centre (CMCA).
Yayiyingcamango eyacetywa ngo-1988 yisazi ngendalo uRussell Mittermeier, umongameli weConservation International, owaziwa kakhulu ngezifundo zakhe kumazwe ahlukeneyo afana neMadagascar neBrazil. Kungoku nje ligama elisetyenziselwa ukwazisa abantu malunga nokukhuselwa kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ingakumbi kuloo mazwe apho kukho iindidi ngeendidi zeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezichaphazeleka kakhulu.
Ngokutsho kweUnited Nations Environment Programme, baye bakwazi ukufumanisa ukuba kukho amazwe ali-17 aneemegadiverse, la mazwe agubungela imimandla ekweleenjiko ekuMzantsi-mpuma Asia nakuMbindi Merika. Bamele kuphela i-10% yomhlaba wonke kodwa ezi zizwe zilikhaya kwi-70% yezinto eziphilayo ezisemhlabeni. Zikwabandakanya ngaphezu kwesibini kwisithathu sazo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana ezinomqolo (kungabandakanywa iintlanzi) kunye nesithathu kwikota yeentlobo zezityalo eziphezulu.
INkqubo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yokusiNgqongileyo (i-UNEP) yaseka iZiko lokuJonga iWorld Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), elijongene nokumisela amazwe akwimegadiverse, ali-17 xa ewonke:
- Ostreliya
- Brasil
- iTshayina
- Kholambiya
- Ekhuwado
- EUnited States
- Philippines
- Indiya
- Indoneshiya
- Madagaska
- Malasia
- Mekhsikho
- Papua New Guinea
- EPeru
- Republic of Democratic Republic of Congo
- EMzantsi Afrika
- Venezuela
Embindini wonyaka wama-2002, kwasekwa intlanganiso eMexico yawona mazwe aphambili agqalwa njenge-megadiverse, kule ntlanganiso kuchukunyiswe imiba ethile, efana neCancun Declaration kunye neGroup of Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries yasekwa, onke. oku ngenjongo yokwenza iindlela zokubonisana ezisebenzisanayo, eyona nto iphambili inomdla kulondolozo lweyantlukwano yebhayoloji.
Ukongeza ekuvumeleni intatho-nxaxheba enobulungisa nelungeleleneyo yazo zonke izibonelelo ezifunyanwa njengemithombo yofuzo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, amanye amazwe afakwe kweli Qela, afana neMalaysia, Philippines, Iran kunye neGuatemala.
Iimpawu zeMegadiverse Countries
Onke amazwe ehlabathi aneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo zezityalo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana, ngenxa yoku iZiko lokuJonga iWorld Conservation Monitoring Centre limisele iseti yeempawu eziyimfuneko ukuze ukwazi ukuqwalasela ilizwe njengemegadiverse:
Ubume bejografi
Uninzi lwazo lukwimimandla yeetropiki, ummandla otyebileyo ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo zezilwanyana.
iintlobo ezihlala zikho
Amazwe aseMegadiverse kufuneka aqulunqwe ngobuncinci bezityalo ezingama-5000 ezihlala zikho, ezi zihambelana nezo zathi zavela kuloo ndawo kwaye zifumaneka ngokwemvelo kulo mmandla.
ezahlukeneyo ze-ikhosistim
Babalasele ngokuba nenani elibalulekileyo lezinto eziphilayo nendawo eziphila kuyo kwiindawo zabo zejografi ezinje ngeentaba, amahlathi, iintshinyela kwaye ubukhulu becala ezo zeentlobo zaselwandle ezifana neengqaqa kunye neelwandle. Ukunika indawo yayo ukwahluka kokusingqongileyo, imihlaba kunye nemozulu.
Ukubekwa wedwa
Le mimandla eyahlulwe ziziqithi kunye nomhlaba welizwekazi ovumela uphuhliso olulodwa lwezityalo kunye nezilwanyana kwiindawo zazo zokuhlala.
Tamaño
Isithuba sejografi sibaluleke kakhulu kule meko, apho ubukhulu becala buba bukhulu, kokukhona kukho ukuhlukahlukana kwemekobume kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo zezidalwa.
imbali yendaleko
Amanye amazwe yimimandla yembali yendaleko, adibana kwiindawo ezimbini zebhayoloji, ebangela intsebenziswano yezilwanyana ezifanelekileyo kunye neentyatyambo emhlabeni.
isiko
Ivumela ukufuywa kwezityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezinegalelo kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Iinjongo zaMazwe aseMegadiverse
Inkcazo ye-Megadiverse inxulumene ne-biodiversity kunye nobuninzi obukhulu bezinto ezityebisa ummandla othile weplanethi yomhlaba, ngenxa yesi sibhengezo saseCancun kunye neQela lamazwe aseMegadiverse aNgqongileyo anenjongo ephambili:
- Iyantlukwano yebhayoloji kwiiforam
Yiba nesikhundla esinxulumene nebhayoloji yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana kwiindibano zamazwe ngamazwe ebezibanjwe.
- Khuthaza ulondolozo lweentlobo ngeentlobo zezidalwa kumazwe emvelaphi
Ukuphuhlisa iiprojekthi ezikhuthaza uphando kwi-inventri yemithombo, ukutyala imali kwiiteknoloji ezingapheliyo ukuxhasa ulondolozo kunye nokwenza imisebenzi yoqoqosho oluzinzileyo.
- Khuthaza ulondolozo
Yiba nenjongo ephambili yempahla, iinkonzo kunye neenzuzo ezinxulumene nokugcinwa kobutyebi bendalo, ukufuna inzuzo ezinzileyo yeyantlukwano ezinzileyo yophuhliso lwezizwe.
- Imijelo yokutshintshiselana ngolwazi kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwemithetho
Ukubeka emgangathweni umthetho wesizwe wawo onke amazwe angamalungu ukukhuthaza ukukhuselwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, ukufikelela kwimithombo yofuzo kunye noncedo lwezinto eziphuma kuzo.
- Ukulawula imithetho yolondolozo
Ukuseka isethi yemigaqo evuselela inyathelo lokulondoloza zonke izibonelelo zebhayoloji kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo ngokuzinzileyo.
- Iintshukumo zamazwe ngamazwe
Ukukhuthaza ukuthatha inyathelo kunye namazwe angabamelwane njengenyathelo labucala kunye nawo onke amaqela anomdla, ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano kunye nokuzuza okufanayo, kunye noxanduva lwazo zonke iinkunzi zendalo ngaphakathi kwelizwe ukuze kugcinwe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo.
- Umlo ngokuchasene nolwabiwo olungekho mthethweni
Yiba nolawulo lwemisebenzi engekho mthethweni yazo zonke izibonelelo zebhayoloji, ngolawulo olululo lolwazi malunga nezenzo ezingalunganga, ukwazisa kumaziko emfundo kunye namaziko abucala yonke into eyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iindlela ezilawula izixhobo zofuzo.
Amazwe aseMegadiverse
Kukho amaqumrhu ahlukeneyo ajongene nokugcina ulawulo lwemithombo yebhayoloji yamazwe e-megadiverse, kulo mzekelo iZiko leZizwe eziManyeneyo leWorld Conservation Monitoring Centre ligqamile, injongo yawo kukuhlela amazwe ngokwesalathiso sebhayoloji ekhoyo ngoku, ngokulandela iseti yeeparamitha. enxulumene neyantlukwano yebhayoloji kunye nomahluko kwiintlobo zelizwe ngalinye, ngezantsi siya kuzazi iimpawu eziphambili zento nganye yazo:
- Ostreliya
Inomthamo omkhulu wezilwanyana ezisemhlabeni kunye nezaselwandle, ukongeza ekubeni sisizwe esikwimo yesiqithi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo ezikhoyo kulo mmandla, umzekelo, iikhangaroo, iiplatypus, i-emus, phakathi kwezinye.
- Brasil
Idume kakhulu ngokuba nehlathi leAmazon kuMazantsi eMelika, ineentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana, malunga nezigidi ezi-4 zizonke.
- iTshayina
Imele isizwe esinesalathiso esikhulu sabantu, ngaphandle koku inikezela ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo eziphila emhlabeni kunye nasemanzini ezilondolozwe ngamaqumrhu karhulumente.
- Kholambiya
Ithathwa njengelizwe elinelona nani liphezulu leentlobo zezilwanyana kwi-square meter, ibe sisizwe esine-19% yezilwanyana kwiplanethi yomhlaba.
- Ekhuwado
Inezinga eliphezulu lezityalo nezilwanyana kwilizwe layo, kodwa ibalasele ngokuba sisizwe esiphumeze imithetho emininzi yolondolozo lwemithombo yalo yebhayoloji.
- EUnited States
Lelinye lawona mazwe makhulu emhlabeni, ke ngoko ibalasele kuluhlu lwayo lwendalo kunye nemimandla ekhethekileyo nekhethekileyo, efana nolwandle olunetyuwa lwaseCalifornia okanye iGrand Canyon yaseColorado.
- Philippines
Lelinye ilizwe elinamazinga aphezulu eentlobo ngeentlobo ngenxa yohlobo lomphezulu onalo, umzekelo lineziqithi ezingaphezu kwama-700 apho amahlathi neentlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana zaselwandle zigqama.
- Indiya
Ubonakala ngokuzama ukusebenzisa imithetho efunekayo ukuze kugcinwe ubuncwane bawo, nangona eminye ebalulekileyo iye yalahleka. Ke ngoko, kukho malunga nama-500 eendawo zokugcina izilwanyana kunye ne-13 yeentlobo zezilwanyana.
- Indoneshiya
Lilizwe elinomxholo ophezulu wezityalo ezihlala zikho kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana, oko kukuthi, kuphela kwesi sizwe. Kuphela kudlulwa yi-Australia kolu hlobo lwesalathiso.
- Madagaska
Yaziwa kakhulu ngokuba nesiqingatha seentlobo zelovane kwiplanethi yonke, nangona isisiqithi, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezihlala zikho kwisizwe sayo.
- Malasia
Imele isizwe esinezinga eliphezulu lezityalo kunye nezilwanyana, ngenxa yale nto inezinga eliphezulu lokugawulwa kwemithi, ezibeka emngciphekweni iintlobo ze-endemic ezifana ne-Bornean orangutan.
- Mekhsikho
Ngomnye wemimandla egcinwe kakhulu, ngenxa yobuninzi bezinto eziphilayo kunye neendawo ezihlala kuzo kwaye iyingqayizivele kulo mmandla, ngaphezu kokuba ne-10% yazo zonke iintlobo zehlabathi.
- Papua New Guinea
Okwangoku ithathwa njengelinye lawona mazwe aphambili e-megadiverse, oku kubalelwa ekubeni lelinye lawona angaphononongwa kancinci, ngenxa yoko inolondolozo oluphezulu lwezityalo nezilwanyana.
- EPeru
Lelinye lamazwe anenxalenye yamahlathi ashinyeneyo aseAmazon, ngoko ineentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kulo lonke uhlanga.
- Republic of Democratic Republic of Congo
Ngaphandle kwenkolelo edumileyo, iCongo imela elinye lamahlathi amakhulu emhlabeni, lithathwa njengelesibini emva kwehlathi laseAmazon.
- EMzantsi Afrika
Lilizwe eliphawulwa ngemimandla yamaphepha aneentlobo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezinjengeengonyama, iimvubu, iingcuka, iindlulamthi, amahlosi, phakathi kwezinye. Ikwabalasele ngokuba ne-10% yeentlobo zezityalo kwiplanethi.
- Venezuela
Iphawulwe ngokuba lilizwe elineendawo ezininzi zendalo, ukusuka elunxwemeni, ezintabeni, kwii-savannahs, kwiintlango, emahlathini, kumathafa, phakathi kwabanye. Ukongeza ekubeni ne-15% yeentaka kwiplanethi yonke.
Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo, sikushiyela abanye abaya kuba nomdla kuwe ngokuqinisekileyo:
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