Igama le-orthodox isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi kwaye ihlala inentsingiselo efanayo ngokubanzi: balandele umgaqo onikiweyo okanye isenzo ngokomgaqo onikiweyo, kwaye ke ngoko bathathwa 'bechanekile'.
Iseti yemigaqo elandelwa yi-orthodox, okanye uluhlu lweembono okanye iimbono ezithathwa njenge "zichanekileyo," zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-orthodox. Abantu abaninzi abazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni i-orthodox.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ngoothodoki?
Igama elithi orthodox livela kwisiGrike kwaye sisiphumo sokudibanisa amagama orthos-, kulungile, kwaye-doxa, uluvo. Ngaloo ndlela, umntu oqhelekileyo uba ngumntu ozibiza ngokuthi "uluvo oluchanekileyo."
Enyanisweni, ukusetyenziswa kwembali yokuqala kweli gama kwaba ngenkulungwane yesine AD, ngabaseki abane beCawa yamaGrike ukuya ukwahlula phakathi kwabo balandela iimfundiso eziphambili zamaKristu nabo bacebisa okanye banyanzelisa ezahlukahlukeneyo (“abaqhekeki”) Ukutolikwa kunye neenguqulelo zonqulo lobuKristu ("abaqhekeki").
Kanjalo, Oku akuthethi ukuba i-orthodox isithethantonye negama elithi "correct" okanye "good", kodwa lithetha "traditional".. Ngokomzekelo, ingcamango engokwesithethe iqala kwinto esele imiselwe, ihlonela oko kwakusele kumiselwe ngaphambili, inokuba nenguqulelo entsha, kodwa isoloko isenjenjalo ngokunxulumene noko kwakusamkelwa ngaphambili, ngaphandle kokuphambuka kwindlela yayo.
Kule nto iyahluka kwi uqhekeko, echasene ngqo: iyayikhaba into esekiweyo kwaye iphakamisa imbono entsha okanye indlela entsha. Eli gama lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezopolitiko, ezenkolo, kunye nezoqoqosho, icandelo lolwazi oluthi, ukuchaneka, ineembono ezininzi eziphikisanayo kunye neemfundiso ezininzi ezifuna inyaniso.
imfundiso yenkolo
Kwintsimi yonqulo, kuthiwa inkolelo kwezo nkolo okanye amasebe enkolo abambelela kwizithethe zakudala kwaye agatye iinguqulelo zale mihla okanye ukutolikwa kwakhona kweenkonzo., bekhetha ukunamathela kwizithethe zonqulo “zamandulo”.
Ngoko ke, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuthetha ngayo ubuYuda obuqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, ukubhekisa kwiindlela ezingqongqo nezingqongqo zenkolo nenkcubeko yamaYuda njengokubambelela kangangoko kuthumo lwamandulo, nokugatya iingenelo zobomi bale mihla.
Kwakhona kukhankanyiwe ubuKristu bobuorthodox. Nangona kule meko kubhekiselwa kwiCawa yamaKristu yaseMpuma, iCawa yobuOthodoki yamaKatolika, eyahlukileyo yobuKristu eyadityaniswa ngokucacileyo nobuKatolika baseNtshona ngexesha lokwahlulwa kwe-East-West yokwahlulwa kukaJulayi 16, 1054, isiganeko esatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo inkqubo yezobupolitika. landscape. , intlalo kunye nenkolo yobuKristu.
Eli bandla lizibona liyindlalifa engekaqhawuki kunqulo lukaYesu waseNazarete wamandulo, kunye 225 ukuba 300 million abalandeli ehlabathini, ingakumbi eMpuma Yurophu kunye nemimandla yangaphambili yoBukhosi baseByzantium, ngoko ke, kukho ngokulambisa 14 okanye 15 Orthodox. Enye yeecawa ezingalamkeliyo naliphi na elinye igunya lonqulo ngaphandle kwelalo.
imfundiso yezoqoqosho
Kwezoqoqosho, okwangoku, i-orthodoxy (eyaziwa nangokuthi "uqoqosho lwemveli"). iqondwa njengendlela yemveli yokufundisa uqoqosho, ephendula kwimimiselo ye-neoclassical ye-microeconomics kunye neengcebiso ze-macroeconomic zikaJohn Maynard Keynes (1883-1946), kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-neoclassical synthesis.
Yahlukile kuqoqosho oluqhekekayo, kuba ilandela indlela eyahlukileyo kwizibakala zezoqoqosho, kwindlela abawuqonda ngayo umbandela nakwintanda-bulumko esisiseko abayixhasayo. A) Ewe, i-orthodox economics iqonda ezoqoqosho njengenzululwazi echanekileyo enemithetho yayo inokuqondwa, ilinganiswe, kwaye yenziwe, ukubheja kwingqiqo yokuziphatha kwabantu ukuphumeza ukulingana (ingqiqo-umntu ngamnye-ibhalansi).
Kwelinye icala, uqoqosho lobuhedeni lubona uqoqosho njengenzululwazi yezentlalo abadlali bayo ababonisa ukuziphatha okuphathekayo kunye nokungacingelekiyo efanele ukuqondwa kwimbali (iziko-imbali-isakhiwo sentlalo).
UbuOthodoki kunye ne-heteroorthodox
Uqhekeko yinto engaqhelekanga, ngoko bubuxoki kwaye ayilunganga. Umqhekeki ngumntu ongavumelaniyo okanye ongavumelaniyo neemfundiso kunye neenkolelo zenkolo ethile, okanye ingcinga eyamkelwa ngokubanzi okanye nayiphi na imfundiso.
Ke xa usithi into ayiqhelekanga, uthetha into engalandeliyo nayiphi na imigaqo yesiNtu, into engaqhelekanga, yesiko, eyamkelekileyo, into egwenxa. Likwabhekisa kwinto engeyiyo yamandulo, engeyiyo eyemveli, okanye yamandulo. Ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga kunokuthetha ukuziphatha okungafundanga okanye izimo zengqondo, ukuziphatha okanye izenzo ngaphandle kokucinga kwangaphambili okanye ubulumko.
Yintoni ubuOthodoki kwinkalo yonqulo?
I-Orthodoxy, ngoko kuthetha, inxulumene nokulungileyo okanye inyaniso: yingakho ikhuselwa ngamalungu amaninzi oluntu. Izinto eziye zaphambuka kule migaqo ye-orthodox zaphawulwa njengezobuxoki, ezibhengezwe ngabambalwa.
Kwindawo yonqulo, iorthodoxy ibhekisela ekuhloneleni imfundiso ethile. Unokuthi iCawa yamaKatolika yobuOthodoki, icandelo lobuKristu elinabalandeli abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-225. Kweli qela kukho iCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya, ekhokelwa nguSolusapho waseMoscow. Rhoqo, umahluko phakathi kweecawa zobuOthodoki baseMpuma namaRoma Katolika awuqondwa kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, kule yokugqibela, yangaphambili ixhasa ezi ntsika zilandelayo:
- Akakholelwa kuMoya oyiNgcwele kaYise noNyana, kuphela okokuqala.
- Uyabukhanyela ubukho bento ebizwa ngokuba yintlambululo-miphefumlo.
- Eyokuqala icatshulwe ayiqondi okanye ayiqondi ukuba ibiya kuba yintoni intlangano okanye ibandla.
- Kwinkonzo yobuOthodoki, ukusetyenziswa kwalo naluphi na uhlobo lwesixhobo somculo akwamkelekanga. Ngokukodwa, kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela ngelizwi labathathi-nxaxheba.
- Musa ukubheja kuba kukho uPope onamandla phezu komntu wonke. Kwelakhe icala, iCawa yobuOthodoki ibeka bonke oobhishophu kwinqanaba elifanayo.
- Omnye umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaziko amabini ecawa kukuba kwiCawa yobuOthodoki amadoda atshatileyo angaodolwa, ngoxa eRoma walelwe ngokupheleleyo.
- Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yeengcwele ayivumelekanga ngokupheleleyo kwiCawa yobuOthodoki. Kwaye yimifanekiso ye-3D ekhatywayo. Ke endaweni yoko banokuba nemizobo okanye iimosaics, umzekelo.
Ngenxalenye yalo, i ubuYuda obuqhelekileyo unamathela ngokungqongqo kwiHalachah kwaye uchasa uhlaziyo olwahlukeneyo kunqulo lwakhe. Kungenxa yoko le nto ithathwa njengelona candelo lolondolozo lobuYuda. Ekugqibeleni, "UbuOthodoki" yincwadi ebhalwe nguGK Chesterton (1874-1936) eyapapashwa ngo-1908. Kulo msebenzi, umbhali ubonakalisa ubuKristu, ezama ukuchaza indlela nesizathu sokuba amakholwa eze elunqulweni.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ulufumene olu lwazi luluncedo, kwaye ukuba ubunokuthandabuza malunga nokuba yintoni iOthodoki, ndikufumanele yona.