Kubangel’ umdla ukucinga ukuba abantu baye bahamba ixesha elininzi besiya enyangeni kunobunzulu bolwandle lwesi sijikelezi-langa sethu. Kusekuninzi ekufuneka kufunyenwe kwaye kuphandwe kwimisele yaselwandle engekaphononongwa kude kube namhlanje. Abanye babo badume ngakumbi kunabanye. Ngaba ungatsho ukuba yeyiphi eyona inzulu kuzo zonke? Ewe, siza kuthetha ngale nto kweli nqaku. ukuba ufuna ukwazi yintoni umsele wasemariana, Ndincoma ukuba uqhubeke ufunda.
Ngaphandle kokuchaza ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zayo, siya kukuxelela apho ikhoyo kwaye, eyona nto inomdla kakhulu, yintoni engasemva Kodwa ungakhathazeki, iimeko ezikhoyo ezininzi zeemitha ngaphantsi kwamanzi azikhuseli izilo ezikhulu zaselwandle, kodwa zibangela ezinye iintlobo zobomi ezingaqhelekanga.
Yintoni kwaye iphi iMariana Trench?
Umbhali: ALAN.JARED.MATIAS
Umthombo: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mariana_Trench.jpg
Masiqale ngokucacisa ukuba yintoni iMariana Trench. Ewe, ludakumba kulwandle olunobude obuziikhilomitha ezingama-2550 kunye nobubanzi beekhilomitha ezingama-69. Igqame ngendlela yayo enomdla kwisiqingatha senyanga kwaye ngokuba yeyona ndawo inzulu yeelwandle zesi sijikelezi-langa.
Ubunzulu obukhulu obufunyenwe kwi-Mariana Trench bufumaneka kwintlambo encinci esezantsi, emazantsi asezantsi, ebizwa ngokuba Umceli-mngeni Nzulu. Apho unokuhla ukuya kwi-11034 yeemitha. Ukufumana umbono: I Mount Everest, eyona ntaba iphakamileyo eMhlabeni, imalunga neemitha ezingama-8849. Oko kukuthi, ukuba bekunjalo ngelo xesha, umphezulu wayo ubuya kuba phantsi kwamanzi, malunga namawaka amabini eemitha kude.
Nangona kunjalo, I-Mariana Trench ayiyona ndawo ikufutshane kumbindi woMhlaba. Oku kungenxa yokuba iplanethi yethu ayisiyiyo ingqukuva egqibeleleyo njengoko siqhele ukucinga, kodwa inokwakheka kwespheroid oblate. Ukungqina oko, kufuneka sijonge kuphela i-radii yezibonda kunye ne-ikhweyitha. Iradiyasi imalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-25 ukuphakama kwi-ikhweyitha kunakwiipali. Ngenxa yoko, eminye imimandla ephantsi kolwandle yoLwandlekazi lweArctic ikufutshane kumbindi woMhlaba kuneChallenger Deep, ekuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba phantsi kweMariana Trench, onke amanzi angaphezulu kwawo afaka uxinzelelo olungekho ngaphezulu kwaye akukho ngaphantsi kwe-bar ye-1086. Ukufumana umbono: Lingaphezu kwewaka lezihlandlo Uxinzelelo lomoya ngesiqhelo. Ngenxa yolu xinzelelo, amanzi andisa ukuxinana kwawo nge-4,96% kwaye iqondo lobushushu lalapho liphakathi kweqondo elinye ukuya kwezine.
Ubicación
Ngoku siyazi ukuba yintoni iMariana Trench, makhe sixoxe apho sinokuyifumana khona. Njengoko sele sichazile ngasentla, Ifumaneka kwintshona yoLwandlekazi lwePasifiki malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-200 kwimpuma ye-Mariana Islands, kungoko igama lomsele. Ngokwezopolitiko, bangabase-United States.
Akufuneki ukuthetha, iMariana Trench igqalwa njengesikhumbuzo sesizwe saseUnited States ukususela ngo-2009. Abaphandi abahlukeneyo abavela kwiZiko le-Oceanography ye-Scripps baye baphonononga loo ndawo iminyaka. Apho bafumene imizekelo ye Xenophyophorea, ezizii-unicellular organisms ezifunyenwe kwaye ziphuhliswe kwi-10600 yeemitha ngaphantsi kwamanzi. Ukongezelela, idatha iqokelelwe ebonisa ukuba kukho ezinye iintlobo zobomi ezantsi, ngokukodwa ii-microorganisms. Ngaphandle koko, unokufumana iintlanzi ze-phosphorescent. Okulandelayo siza kuthetha kancinci malunga noko kukwezo nzulu.
Yintoni esezantsi kweMariana Trench?
Ukude kube kathathu umntu uye wakwazi ukufikelela phantse kumazantsi eMariana Trench. Okokuqala kwakungowe-1960, xa uAguste Piccard noDon Walsh bafikelela kubunzulu obuziimitha ezili-10911 2012 kwiChallenger Deep. Kwi-10908, umenzi wefilimu owaziwayo uJames Cameron waphantse walingana nabangaphambi kwakhe, wafikelela kwiimitha ezili-XNUMX.
Nangona kunjalo, irekhodi laphulwa nguVictor Vescovo, owafikelela kubunzulu beemitha ezili-10928. Wachaza ngokwakhe kudliwano-ndlebe ukuba kwakudanisa kakhulu ukuya ezantsi kakhulu kwaye ufumane ungcoliseko olungaka lomntu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngelo xesha sifumana iiplastiki esiziphosa elwandle. Nangona kunjalo, kuloo ndawo inzulu kwaye imnyama unokufumana ezinye izinto ezinomdla kakhulu.
Izidalwa eziphilayo kowona msele unzulu wolwandle kwiplanethi
Zimbalwa izidalwa eziphilayo ezinokuphila kwindawo eneemeko ezimandundu, njengakuChallenger’s Deep, kodwa zikho. Kwakungo-2011 xa kwafunyaniswa ukuba izidalwa ezifana nezipontshi zaselwandle kunye nezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle zihlala emazantsi eMariana Trench: I-xenophyophores.
Nangona kuyinyani ukuba zithwele ukufana okuthile kwezinye izinto eziphilayo, eneneni zii-microorganisms ezilungelelaniswe zaba zii-pseudostructures. Ithetha ntoni le nto? Ngokusisiseko luhlobo lwesakhiwo okanye imo ebonakala ilula xa uyijonga kuqala kodwa ijike ibenzima kakhulu. iixenophyophores bakhethekileyo ekuphileni nasekuphuhliseni kwiimeko ezinokubonakala zingenakwenzeka, ubuncinane kuthi. Ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yobungcali bazo obuphezulu, abanakuphila ngaphandle kwendawo abahlala kuyo, yiyo loo nto ingumsebenzi onzima kakhulu ukuzifunda ngokucokisekileyo.
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iilwandle ezinzulu, iMariana Trench ibonakala iphantse ukuba yintlango. Ekubeni kungekho matyelelo aqhelekileyo apho, kusenokwenzeka ukuba akukho mntu ukhe wadibana nezilwanyana zaselwandle kulo mmandla okwangoku. Ngokophando olwenziwe kwezinye imingxuma yaselwandle, kusenokwenzeka ukuba izilwanyana zaselwandle zikwahlala kule ndawo. Ezi zidla ngokuba nezicubu ze-gelatinous kwaye zincinci zibandakanya eziza kutshatyalaliswa okanye zinyibilike xa ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo aluyibo bomsele wabo waselwandle.
Kunokwenzeka ukuba bahlala kwi-Mariana Trench ezinye iintlobo ze-cephalopods, ezifana neskwidi ezinkulu, kunye nokunyusa ezinye izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo nezingaqhelekanga. Phakathi kwabo ngokuqinisekileyo uya kufumana i-hydra eqaqambileyo kunye nejellyfish, i-squid efunxayo, intlanzi yamazinyo kunye neemfama, iikomkomere zaselwandle ezigqithise kakhulu, njl.
Njengoko ubona, ezantsi kukho ihlabathi lonke eliza kufunyanwa. Njengoko iteknoloji nenzululwazi zihambela phambili, kufunyanwa iindlela ezintsha zokwenza olu phando luntsonkothileyo. Kodwa ukufumanisa yonke into egcinwe lulwandle olunzulu, siseneminyaka embalwa.