I-scarlet fever lusulelo olubangelwa yi iqela A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes), ibhaktiriya ekwaziyo ukuvelisa ityhefu (ityhefu) ebangela ukubonakala kwerhashalala eluswini olubomvu, apho isifo sithatha igama laso lokuqala.
El umqala obuhlungu Yeyona mbonakalo ixhaphakileyo yosulelo nge Streptococcus pyogenes. Kwimeko ye-scarlet fever, yi-syndrome yeklinikhi ebonakaliswe kubukho be-rash ehambelana nokusuleleka ngokwalo (okuthi kwiimeko ezininzi ngokuchanekileyo i-pharyngitis). Ngokuqhelekileyo, omnye kwabantwana abalishumi abaneqela le-A strep throat baya kuba ne-scarlet fever.
Uneminyaka emingaphi ungafumana iscarlet fever?
Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-5 kunye ne-15, kodwa sinokuchaphazela nabantu abadala. Ukuvela kwakhona kwesi sifo kunokwenzeka, kodwa akuqhelekanga ukwenzeka.
Ngokungafaniyo nerubella, irhashalala kunye nezinye izifo zerhashalala. i-scarlet fever yiyo yodwa ebangelwa yintsholongwane. Ixesha lokufukamela limalunga neentsuku ezi-2-5.
iimpawu zomkhuhlane obomvu
Iimpawu eziphambili ze-scarlet fever kubantwana nakubantu abadala:
- intlungu yomqala,
- ifiva,
- irhashalala ebomvu evakala njengephepha lesanti ukubamba,
- ulusu olubomvu phantsi kwamakhwapha, ingqiniba, kunye nemiphetho ye-groin;
- ukugquma kolwimi olumhlophe,
- intloko,
- iintlungu zemisipha,
- isicaphucaphu kunye/okanye ukugabha,
- intlungu zesisu,
- i-lymph nodes ezidumbile.
I-prognosis ilungile, kodwa kubalulekile ukunyanga isifo ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuphepha umngcipheko weengxaki ezinzulu.
Olu lwahlulo lulandelayo ngeentsuku lubonisa kwaye amaxesha anokwahluka kancinci ukusuka kwesinye isigulana ukuya kwesinye.
isigaba seprodromal
Usuku loku-1
I-scarlet fever iqala ngokukhawuleza ebonakala ngezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- umkhuhlane ophezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-39-40 °C (ubuncinci kubantwana abancinci),
- ukungcangcazela yingqele,
- intloko,
- isisu esibuhlungu,
- ukugabha,
- umqala obuhlungu ngobunzima bokuginya,
- ngamanye amaxesha iitoni ezimhlophe;
- i-lymph nodes ezidumbile entanyeni.
Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala nabo banokuba nokuxinana kweempumlo, ngelixa iintsana zihlala zicaphuka kwaye ziyancipha umdla wokutya.
isigaba sokuqhawuka
Usuku 2
Kwiiyure ezili-12 ukuya kwezingama-48 emva kokuqala komqala obuhlungu (ohlala unzima) kuvela irhashalala. Ubuso bonke bubonakala bubomvu obuqaqambileyo ngaphandle kwendawo ephakathi kwempumlo, umlomo, kunye nesilevu. Umkhuhlane ophezulu uyaqhubeka.
Usuku loku-3
Ulwimi luqale lugqunywe ngengubo emhlophe.
Ulwimi ngokwalo luvame ukuvutha, lunikeze i-strawberry eqaqambileyo okanye umbala obomvu we-raspberry.
Amabala abomvu aphakanyisiweyo (i-sandpaper-like to touch) ukusuka ebusweni nasentanyeni ukuya esifubeni nasekupheleni. Zibonakala ngokukodwa kwindawo yangaphakathi ye-elbow, kwi-inguinal folds, kunye nomgangatho wangaphakathi wamathanga.
Irhashalala ibangelwa yityhefu evelisa iibhaktheriya kwaye ayizizo zonke izigulane ezixhomekeke kuyo ngokulinganayo, kangangokuba kwintsapho kunokwenzeka ukuba unyana aphuhlise i-rash kunye nomzalwana kuphela ukuphuhlisa i-strep throat.
Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zescarlet fever kweli nqanaba zezi:
- i-lymph nodes zentamo
- isisu esibuhlungu,
- intloko,
- iitoni ezimhlophe,
- ukugabha
isigaba sokuthotywa
Usuku loku-6
I-rash iyancipha malunga neveki, ilandelwa yi-flaking isikhumba esinokuqhubeka kwiiveki ezimbalwa (ngokuqhelekileyo iintsuku eziyi-10-14); kweli nqanaba ukurhawuzelelwa kungavela.IRash
I-rash iqala malunga neentsuku ezi-1-2 emva kokuqala kweempawu eziqhelekileyo zosulelo (umqala, umkhuhlane, ukukhathala); irhashalala luphawu olukhethekileyo, kangangokuba abanye oogqirha bathetha a ugqabhuko-dubulo scarlatiform.
Ibonisa njengobomvu oqhelekileyo wesikhumba kunye nobukho beepapule ezincinci ezinika ukuvakalelwa kwe-sandpaper ekuthinteni; ukuba icinezelwe esikhumbeni iya kuthanda ukuba mhlophe (oku kunokubonwa ngokukodwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokubeka uxinzelelo olukhanyayo kunye nomzantsi weglasi ekhanyayo).
Kusenokubakho ukurhawuzelelwa, kodwa akukho ntlungu.
Ukwandiswa kwexesha
Idla ngokuqala esiqwini somzimba ize ivuleke ngokuthe ngcembe ibandakanye iziphelo (imilenze neengalo); iintende zezandla kunye neenyawo zeenyawo azibandakanyekanga, ngelixa ubuso bunokubonakala bugubha ezidleleni, kodwa kunye nempawu yehalo emhlophe emhlophe ejikeleze umlomo. Njengoko i-rash iqhubela phambili, ukuvuvukala kuya kubonakala ngakumbi kwi-skin folds (indawo ye-groin kunye ne-armpits).
Idla ngokuphela emva kweveki, ngenkqubo yokuphuma kancinci kancinci kwesikhumba (ukukhutshwa kwenwebu engaphezulu kwesikhumba) enokuthi iqhubeke iiveki ezininzi, iqale ebusweni ize isasazeke kuwo wonke umzimba.
Ekupheleni kwe-peeling, ulusu luya kuba nembonakalo efana nokukhanya kwelanga.
ukosuleleka kunye nokufukamela
I-scarlet fever yile kuphela isifo serhashalala esibangelwa yintsholongwane, endaweni yentsholongwane; ezi liqela elithile A strep, ibhaktheriya efanayo ebangela strep throat.
Ichaphazela amadoda kunye nabasetyhini kwipesenti efanayo, kunye neqela leminyaka elichaphazelekayo liphakathi kweminyaka emi-5-15.
La incubation i-scarlet fever idla ngokuhluka ukusuka kwiintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5, kodwa kunokubakho iimeko ezinzima kakhulu (iintsuku ezi-1-7).
transmission
Ibhaktheriya ejongene ne-scarlet fever ixhathisa kakhulu kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo (iqondo lobushushu, ukufuma,...) kwaye isasazwa ikakhulu emoyeni ngamathe, kodwa ikwaxhathisa ixesha elide kwizinto zemihla ngemihla ezifana nezitya, iincwadi kunye nezinto zokudlala zabantwana ezinentsholongwane.
Ngoko ke, iyakwazi ukusasazeka ngoqhagamshelwano ngokusebenzisa iimfihlo ezivela kwiphecana lokuphefumla, kodwa iimeko zosulelo ngokutya okusulelekileyo okanye usulelo lwesikhumba luye lwabikwa.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, isigulane sisasazeka ukusuka kwiintsuku ze-1-2 ngaphambi kokuqala kweempawu, Ukuba unyango olwaneleyo lwe-antibiotic lufakwe, isigulane asisayi kusuleleka (kwaye ngoko sinokubuyela esikolweni okanye emsebenzini) iiyure ezingama-24-48 emva kwedosi yokuqala; ngaphandle koko, ihlala yosulela iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu emva kokuqala kweempawu.
Amatyala abathwali be-asymptomatic
Kusenokubakho iimeko zabathwali abasempilweni, oko kukuthi, abantu abangabonisi zimpawu nangona bekwazi ukosulela abanye abantu.
Okokugqibela, sikhumbula umngcipheko wokudluliselwa ngokungathanga ngqo ngokwabelana ngeempahla, iitawuli, imidlalo ...
Kwimeko yesifo se-rash, iimpawu zesikhumba kunye nolwimi olubomvu ngenxa yokusabela emzimbeni kwi-toxin eveliswa yibhaktheriya. Ayizizo zonke iibhaktheriya ze-strep ezivelisa le toxin kwaye ayingabo bonke abantwana abanovelwano kuyo.. Abantwana ababini kwintsapho enye banokufumana usulelo lwe-strep, kodwa umntwana omnye (onovelwano kwi-toxin) unokuphuhlisa i-scarlet fever rash, ngelixa enye ingenako.
Ubude
Xa umkhuhlane uvela, ohlala iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5, kungenxa yosulelo lomqala olunyamalala phakathi kweentsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala unyango lwe-antibiotic.
Irhashalala yefiva ebomvu idla ngokuphela ngomhla wesithandathu emva kokuba umqala obuhlungu uqalile, kodwa ulusu olugqunywe yirhashalala lunokuqalisa ukugqabhuka. Oku kuxobula kunokuhlala ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-10.
Ngonyango lwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, usulelo ludla ngokuphela phakathi kweentsuku ezili-10, kodwa iitoni ezidumbileyo kunye namadlala anokuthatha iiveki ezimbalwa ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.
Abantwana abosulelekileyo kufuneka bahlale ekhaya bengayi esikolweni okanye kukhathalelo lwemini ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48 emva kwedosi yokuqala yesithinteli-ntsholongwane.
Imiba yengozi
Ngokumalunga ne-80% yeemeko ze-scarlet fever zenzeka kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-10, ngokukodwa kwiqela le-2-8 yobudala, nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane isifo nakweyiphi na iminyaka.
Ubiza nini ugqirha wabantwana
Sifanele sibize ugqirha xa umntwana omncinci ekhula ngokukhawuleza kwesikhumba, ngakumbi ukuba sihamba kunye
- ifiva,
- intlungu yomqala,
- okanye i-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo.
Nangona i-scarlet fever ngokwayo inekhosi ephilileyo, unyango lwe-antibiotic lubalulekile ukuphepha umngcipheko weengxaki ezinobungozi.
Iingxaki
Ukuba ufunyanwe kwangoko kwaye uphathwe ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, eso sifo sihlala sisombulula ngaphandle kweengxaki kwaye i-prognosis ihle kakhulu (iintsuku ezi-4-5).
I-scarlet fever, njengazo zonke izifo ezibangelwa yi-β-hemolytic streptococci, inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo:
- i-rheumatic fever, isifo sokuvuvukala esinokuchaphazela:
- intliziyo,
- amalungu,
- piel
- kunye nengqondo,
- isifo sezintso (ezifana nokudumba kwezintso okubizwa ngokuba yi-post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis),
- usulelo lwendlebe (otitis media),
- usulelo lwesikhumba (cellulitis),
- amathumba emqaleni,
- inyumoniya (usulelo lwemiphunga),
- isifo samathambo (ukuvuvukala kwamalungu).
Uninzi lwezi ngxaki zinokuthintelwa ngonyango ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
Ukukhulelwa kunye nomkhuhlane obomvu
i-scarlet fever ekukhulelweni hayi kubangela ukukhubazeka komntwana kunye nokusuleleka okunokwenzeka ngexesha lokubeleka, ngokudibana nekholoni ye-vaginal enokwenzeka, kugqitywe ukuba akunakwenzeka, ukuba akunakwenzeka.
Endaweni yoko, kukho umngcipheko wokusebenza kwangaphambi kwexesha, kwakhona kuphela ukuba usulelo luchaphazela umjelo wangasese.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngoko ke, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ugweme ukuvezwa ngokungeyomfuneko kwintsholongwane, kodwa akuyomfuneko ukuba uthuke xa usulelo okanye udibane nezigulane ezinomkhuhlane obomvu. Nangona kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uxelele ugqirha wesibeleko ukuba avavanye kunye naye i-swab yelungu lobufazi enokubakho kunye/okanye ukhuselo lwe-antibiotic.
Uxilongo
Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokubalulekileyo ngokuhlolwa kwezonyango, ngakumbi phambi kweempawu ze-rash, kwaye mhlawumbi emva kokuqinisekiswa nge-throat swab.
Ekugqibeleni, ugqirha unokuyalela iimvavanyo zegazi ezinxulumene ne-antistreptolysin (TAS) titer, eyanda ngokuqhubekayo kwiiveki ezi-2-3 ezizayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-TAS iya kuhlala ilungile emva koqhagamshelwano lokuqala kunye ne-strep, ngoko ke umphumo kufuneka uhlale utolikwa ngoncedo lwabantwana / ugqirha ukuze uhlukanise okwangoku ukusuka kwizifo ezidlulileyo kunye nezidlulileyo.
Unyango
Ukuba umntwana wakho unerhashalala kwaye ugqirha ukrokrela iscarlet fever, banokwenza a inkcubeko yomqala (i-smear engenabuhlungu yokuphuma komqala) ukujonga ukuba ibhaktheriya iyakhula na elabhoratri, okanye ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza ekliniki.
Emva kokuba usulelo luqinisekisiwe, ugqirha wakho wabantwana uya kukunika i-antibiotic. Ichiza elikhethwa kuqala lidla ngokuba yi-amoxicillin ene-clavulanic acid (umz. i-Augmentin®), kodwa umz. i-clarithromycin isenokusetyenziswa njengenye indlela.
Umkhuhlane uya kuphela kwiiyure ezingama-24. kwaye umntwana akasayi kuphinda asuleleke ngelo xesha, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nonyango kude kube sekupheleni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba usulelo lupheliswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela lungabangeli umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-rheumatism fever. Unyango lwe-antibiotics lunokunciphisa kancinci ixesha lezinye iimpawu.
Olunye ulungiso
Umntwana one-strep throat unokukufumanisa kubuhlungu ukutya, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba anikele ukutya okuthambileyo okanye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukutya okungamanzi. Kubandakanya iti epholileyo eshushu kunye neesuphu ezinomsoco, iziselo ezibandayo, i-shakes kunye ne-ayisikrimu. Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho usela iziselo ezininzi.
Ukusebenzisa isixhobo sokufumisa ukongeza ukufuma emoyeni kusenokunceda ukuthomalalisa umqala obuhlungu, ngoxa itawuli efudumeleyo nemanzi inokunceda ukuthomalalisa amadlala adumbileyo entanyeni yosana.
Ukuba irhashalala liyarhawuzelelwa, qiniseka ukuba iinzipho zomntwana wakho zichetyiwe ukuze ulusu lungakrweleke.
Thintelo
Akukho sitofu sokuthintela i-strep throat okanye i-scarlet fever kwaye akukho ndlela iqinisekileyo yokuthintela usulelo, ngoko xa umntwana egula ekhaya kuyacetyiswa. kuphephe ukwabelana ngezinto ezityiwayo kunye neeglasi ukuze utye kwaye usele, emva koko zihlambe kakuhle ngamanzi ashushu, anesepha.
Ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo nangokucokisekileyo kubalulekile.