Igama Kremlin ivela rhoqo ezindabeni; iye yaxhaphaka ngakumbi ukususela oko iRashiya yaqalisa imfazwe yayo nxamnye neUkraine. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu banxulumanisa igama kunye nesihlalo samandla karhulumente waseRashiya. Ukucinga ukuba kufana neMoncloa eSpain kunye ne-White House e-US.
Nangona kunjalo, apha siza kukuxelela ntoni yikremlin, eyona ndawo inemifuziselo nemeleyo yesixeko saseMoscow.
Yintoni iKremlin?
Igama elithi Kremlin livela kwi isixeko esinqatyisiweyo echazayo. Kukho iKremlin yaseMoscow Iihektare ezingama-27 Umhlaba ojikelezwe yi 2500 mitha yeendonga ezidityanisiweyo Iinqaba ezingama-20 ubude beemitha ezingama-80. I-Kremlin imelwe ziindonga zayo ezibomvu kunye nemozulu ebomvu emile okwenkwenkwezi phezu kweenqaba zayo.
Kukho malunga Iikremlin ezingama-20 zasasazeka kulo lonke elaseRashiya. Nangona kunjalo, iMoscow Kremlin yeyona idumileyo kuzo zonke. Yingqokelela yeecathedrals, iibhotwe kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezakhiwa ngexesha leTsarist. Ngomnyaka we-1990, yadweliswa njengeSiza seLifa leMveli le-UNESCO. lowo useMoscow, ithathwa njengendawo yokusebenzela esemthethweni kamongameli, nangona ingelilo ikhaya lakhe lesiqhelo.
Imvelaphi yeKremlin
KwiMoscow yesicelo yavela kwinqaba yomthi eyalelwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX yiNkosana uYury Dolgoruky. AmaMongoli ayitshabalalisa le nqaba ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, aza amaTatar ayitshabalalisa kwenye inkulungwane. Nangona kwakungekho lula ukutshabalalisa, zombini zafezwa.
Inqaba emhlophe eneenqaba ezilithoba yayalelwa yiNkosana uDmitri Donskoi kwaye yakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwe-XNUMXth kunye ne-XNUMXth inkulungwane yokuqala. Iyinxalenye yeKremlin entsha esele isele yayakhiwe njengekhaya lenkosana kunye nentsapho yasebukhosini yaseMoscow. Ukongeza, amanye amacandelo amaninzi e-Kremlin entsha sele akhiwe ngeli xesha.
U-Ivan III walawula ngexesha le-XV-XVI leminyaka. Ngexesha lolawulo lwakhe ubungangamsha beKremlin baqala; yaqhubeka ikhula ngexesha lokulandelayo 200 iminyaka. njengeendaba iPalacio de Granovitaja, iTorre del Salvador kunye nodonga luvelele. Ngethuba lolawulo luka-Ivan, izakhiwo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zakhiwa kwi-Kremlin: i-Annunciation Cathedral, i-Assumption Cathedral kunye neCawa yoMsindisi. Ukongeza, uIvan wayalela ukuba kwakhiwe ezinye iicawa ezimbini: kwiCathedral yeArchangel uMikayeli nenye ezinikele kuBathathu Emnye oNgcwele. Ekugqibeleni, owangena ezihlangwini zikaIvan waqhubeka nokwakha Grand Kremlin Palace.
INguquko kaOktobha yowe-1917 yaba yinguqulelo enkulu kwiMoscow Kremlin. Esi siganeko sabangela ukuba iDemetrius kunye ne-Ascension monasteries zitshintshwe zizakhiwo zikarhulumente. Kwakhona, indawo iye yaqina kakhulu phantse zonke izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke zivaliwe ukuba iindwendwe.
Urhulumente waseRashiya wagqiba ekubeni abuyisele izakhiwo ezidilikayo kunye nokwakha Congress Palace, iziko lobomi bakhe bezopolitiko, ngo 1940 y 1960.
Yintoni yokutyelela?
Uhambo oluya eMoscow ngaphandle kokubona iKremlin lubonwa njengengaphelelanga ngabakhenkethi abaninzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba kunjalo enye yezona zinto zinomtsalane zibalulekileyo esixekweni, kunye nakulo lonke elaseRashiya. I-Kremlin yaseMoscow iqulethe izakhiwo zembali, iicawa kunye neemyuziyam. Njengomdla wokwazi, iicathedrals zisasazwa kwindawo enye yesikwere, le yintliziyo yeKremlin. Okulandelayo, siza kuchaza kancinci malunga nendawo nganye kwezi.
Imyuziyam yaseKremlin yeArmory
I-Kremlin Armory yenye yeemyuziyam ezilungileyo kakhulu kwihlabathi. Iqulethe ingqokelela enkulu yobuncwane obukhethekileyo, kubandakanya amaqanda eFabergé, iimpahla, izixhobo, izixhobo kunye nobucwebe.
Bell Tower kaIvan Omkhulu
Kwakukho inqaba yentsimbi kaIvan Omkhulu esona sakhiwo sikhulu eMoscow iminyaka engaphezu kwama-400. Iphakame kangangeemitha ezingama-80, malunga neemitha ezingama-262, ngaphezulu kweCathedral Square, ekwayindawo yecathedral enkulu yaseKremlin. I-Ivan's Bell Tower iqulethe imyuziyam apho unokuyibona yonke iMoscow kwimbono yayo yentaka.
ICathedral yeDormition
ICathedral of the Dormition ikwabizwa ngokuba yi ICathedral yoNyuko; yicawa enkulu yamatye enedomes zegolide kunye ne-iconography enemibala ngaphakathi. Icawa yakhiwe ngamatye amhlophe, kwaye ingaphakathi layo ligqunywe ngemizobo eseludongeni kunye needomes ezintlanu ngegolide. Njengomdla, le cathedral kulapho zonke iiTsars zithweswe isithsaba.
Ubhengezo lweCathhedral
Le cathedral yakhiwa phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX. Uyilo kunye nokuhonjiswa kwayo kutshintshile ukubonisa ukuthanda kwetsar nganye elandelelanayo. Ikwanazo needomes zegolide, ezaziziidomes ezintathu ekuqaleni, kwaye namhlanje zinayo iidome zegolide ezisithoba.
Ingelosi enkulu uMichael Cathedral
yakhiwe phakathi 1505 y 1508 ukuthatha indawo yenye itempile endala, iCathedral yeArchangel inomhombiso obukhali owenziwe ngeefrescoes ezintle ukusuka kwi-XNUMXth kunye ne-XNUMXth inkulungwane, kunye nemifanekiso eqaqambileyo kunye nezibane ezintle.
Kwakhona, ungafumana ezinye iindawo ezifana: i-Grand Kremlin Palace, i-State Kremlin Palace kunye neNdawo yokuHlala kaMongameli. Ezi zamva aziqhelekanga eyona nto iphambili kubakhenkethi.
Nangona iRed Square kunye neSt. Basil's Cathedral azifani neKremlin, abantu abaninzi bayayibhida. Nangona kunjalo, zahluke ngokupheleleyo, kwaye isenye indawo yaseMoscow onokuthi uyityelele. Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lube luncedo.