Kukho intlaninge yeenkolo ehlabathini kwaye nganye ineempawu ezahlukeneyo. Abantu abaninzi abazi yintoni i-islam kwaye zithini iimpawu zayo. UbuSilamsi lunqulo lothixo omnye olwavela kwiPeninsula yaseArabia ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX, xa umprofeti wama-Arabhu. UMuhammad waqala ukushumayela ukuthobela uthixo obiziweyo Allah.
Ukuba ufuna oko Islam, iimpawu zayo kunye nembali, apha senza intshayelelo emfutshane.
Ziziphi iimpawu zobuSilamsi
Inkolo yamaSilamsi yenye yezona nkolo zinkulu ehlabathini kunye nobuJuda nobuKrestu. Ngenxa yoko, igqalwa njengohlaziyo lwenkolelo yokuba kukho uThixo omnye, izulu nesihogo eyayisele ikho kwiinkonzo zangaphambili ezikholelwa kuThixo omnye.
Abo bangamaSilamsi babizwa ngokuba ngamaSilamsi, gama elo elithetha ukuthi "thobela intando ka-Allah". AmaSilamsi ngoku yinkolo yesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni emva kobuKristu. inomlinganiselo Abalandeli be-1.800 ezigidi, okanye malunga nama-25 ekhulwini kubemi behlabathi. Babumba uninzi lwabemi kumazwe angama-50. Phakathi kwabo, elona nani likhulu lamaSilamsi yi-Indonesia ekuMzantsi-mpuma Asia.
UbuSilamsi bohlulwe baba ngamasebe amabini aphambili: iSunni neShia. Kubantu bebonke abangamaSilamsi, malunga ne-87% ngamaSunni kwaye i-13% ngamaShia. Uninzi Shiites (68% ukuya 80%) bahlala kumazwe Asia ezifana Iran, Iraq, Bahrain kunye Azerbaijan.
Imvelaphi yamaSilamsi
Umseki wamaSilamsi, UMuhammad, wazalelwa kwisixeko sase IMecca kwiPeninsula yaseArabia ngonyaka 570 AD Xa wayekwishumi elivisayo wazinikela kurhwebo lweekharavani. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-40 ubudala, wayehlala yedwa kumqolomba ongaphandle kwesixeko. Ngokutsho kwembali, utyelelwa nguJibril (Ingelosi enkulu uGabriyeli), evakalisa ukuba unyulwe njengomprofeti wolu nqulo lutsha.. UMuhammad wabuyela eMecca waza waqalisa ukushumayela ngobuSilamsi.
Ngelo xesha, abemi baseMecca babenqula oothixo abaninzi kuba babenqula intaphane yoothixo, abamifanekiso yabo yayikwiKaaba esembindini wesixeko. Iinkonzo ezisebenzisa izithixo ezinqulwa eKaaba zasongelwa ziintshumayelo zikaMuhammad kwaye wagwetyelwa ukufa. Ukubalekela eso sigwebo, UMuhammad wabalekela kwisixeko saseMedina ngo-622. Olu lubhacwe, lwaziwa ngokuba Hijra, yaba sisiqalo sobalo-maxesha lwamaSilamsi. Oko kukuthi, AmaSilamsi aqala ukubala iminyaka ukusuka kule nyaniso.
EMedina, amandla nodumo lukaMuhammad lwakhula yaye ngokukhawuleza uninzi lwabemi lwalwamkela unqulo olutsha. Ngoncedo lwabo, uMuhammad wabuyela eMecca ngo-630, wahlala eMecca, waza wenza iKaaba indawo engcwele yamaSilamsi. Emva kokoyiswa kweMecca, ubuSilamsi baqalisa ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke uSingasiqithi weArabhiya, baba lumanyano lwezizwe ezahlukahlukeneyo zaseArabia.
Xa uMuhammad wafa ngo-632, i-caliph yaphumelela njengomlawuli wokomoya kunye nehlabathi kuwo onke amaSilamsi. Iikhalifa zokuqala yayingu-Abu Bakr, u-Umar, u-Uthman kunye no-Ali. Baye baququzelela ukusasazeka kwe-Islam IPalestina, iSiriya, iArmenia, iMesopotamiya yaseAsia, iPersi kunye noMntla Afrika.
Ngo-661, u-Muawiyah wentsapho yase-Umayyad wamsusa u-Ali waza waseka i-caliphate eSiriya. Phantsi kolawulo lwakhe, AmaSilamsi asasazeka eIndiya, kuMntla Afrika nakuSingasiqithi weIberia. Ukuhluthwa kwamagunya e-Umayyad kwaphawula inguqu kwimbali yamaSilamsi, njengoko amaShiites ayewabona njengabaphangi kwaye endaweni yoko aqaphela inzala ka-Ali njengeendlalifa ezifanelekileyo.
Injani i?
Las iimpawu eziphambili yeSilamsi yimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Es monotheistic nize ninqule uAllh kuphela.
- Incwadi yakhe engcwele IKoran. IKoran ithetha "cengceleza" kuba, kumaSilamsi, lilizwi elamiselwa nguThixo kuMprofeti. UMuhammad wazibalisela ezi zityhilelo kusapho lwakhe, izihlobo, nabafundi bakhe, abathi bahlanganisa amazwi katitshala wabo emva kokufa kwakhe, ngaloo ndlela bebumba iKur’an. Umyalezo oyintloko weQur'an kukuba abantu kufuneka bamkele u-Allah njengokuphela koThixo kwaye baphile ngokwemithetho yakhe. Kunyanzelekile ukuba wonke umSilamsi amkele igama ngalinye leKurani njengentsingiselo yokoqobo kaThixo kwaye alifunde kwasebuntwaneni. Ngokutsho kweKoran, onke amaSilamsi amele akholelwe kwikamva, uvuko lwabafileyo nobomi emva kokufa.
- Eyona ndawo ingcwele kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu indawo yokundwendwela yiKaaba kwisixeko saseMecca, eSaudi Arabia. Abazinikeleyo abavela kwihlabathi liphela baya apho ukuze bathandaze izihlandlo ezihlanu ngemini.
Ngaphandle kokuba yinkolo, ubuSilamsi bukwagqalwa njengendlela yobomi ekhokelela abalandeli balo eluxolweni nakulonwabo lwengqondo. - Indawo esetyenziselwa umthandazo kunye nonqulo yi-mosque, ethathwa njengendlu ka-Allah. Kwiimosque, ukubonakaliswa kobugcisa kuka-Allah noMuhammad akuvumelekanga kuba kukholelwa ukuba kukhokelela kunqulo-zithixo. Kuzo zonke ii-mosque, kufakwe imithombo yamanzi ukuze abanquli bazihlambulule ngamanzi ngaphambi kokungena kwiholo yokuthandaza.
- Amakholwa anokunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo noThixo ngaphandle kokufuna umthetheli. Oku kuthetha ukuba phakathi kwamaSilamsi akukho babingeleli, kodwa izikhokelo zomoya zibizwa Imagnethi, ezidla ngokuodolwa luluntu ngokwalo.
- Kukho amasebe amabini aphambili eSilamsi: iSunni okanye iShia, abakuqondayo ukuba semthethweni kwee-caliphs ezine zokuqala, kunye namaShiites, abaxhasi bomkhwenyana kaMuhammad, u-Ali, ekubeni watshata intombi yakhe uFatima. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi zimbini bubume bemagnethi. AmaShia akholelwa ukuba ezi nkokeli zomoya azinasiphoso kuzo zonke izinto, izenzo, imigaqo kunye neenkolelo. KwiSunni, kwelinye icala, i-imam inokuba nabani na oqhelene nezithethe zemithandazo yamaSilamsi. Omnye umahluko kukuba, ukongeza kwiKoran, AmaSunni nawo angabalandeli beSunna, eyingqokelela yeemfundiso, amazwi kunye neenkxaso zikaMuhammad.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lube luncedo kuwe, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi ungangena apha.