Ehlabathini elikhulu lasemanzini kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ngoko ke kuyanika umdla ukwazi ukuba yintoni na iZilwanyana zaseLwandle eziZityayo kwiindawo zazo zendalo, kungoko sikumema ukuba ufunde eli nqaku apho sibonisa indlela ezisebenza ngayo iipatheni zazo ezahlukeneyo zokutyisa, ukusuka kwindawo yazo. uhlaza lwaselwandle ekutshabalaleni kwalo.
Zitya ntoni izilwanyana zaselwandle?
Ukuqonda ngcono ukuba zitya ntoni izilwanyana zaselwandle, makhe siqale ngokuqaqambisa ukubaluleka okukhulu abanazo ngaphakathi kwikhonkco lokutya ukuze kugcinwe le ecosystem yaselwandle, yiyo loo nto sicacisa ukutya kwazo zonke, njengabavelisi, abathengi okanye amarhamncwa. Kwilizwe laselwandle, konke kuqala ngabavelisi bezityalo, i-algae kunye ne-phytoplankton. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-algae, kuyaziwa ukuba zininzi, zikhula ngaphantsi kwamanzi kunye ne-photosynthesize njengezityalo zomhlaba, ezinye zineengcambu zazo kwiindawo ezingaphezulu, ngelixa ezinye zenzelwe ukudada.
Ngokwenxalenye yayo, iphytoplankton yi-unicellular photosynthetic microorganism esasazwe ngobuninzi elwandle kwaye yenza isiseko sobomi kulo manzi makhulu, kuba ngowona mthombo wokutya kwezinye izinto eziphilayo ezinkulu kunezi. I-ecosystem, ebizwa ngokuba yi-zooplankton, ehlelwa njengabathengi abaphambili abaginya into ephilayo kwaye ibandakanya ikrill kunye neentlobo zombungu wezilwanyana ezikhulu ezifana nentlanzi kunye nejellyfish.
Emva koko kukho ezo zekhonkco lesibini ezifana ne-shrimp, i-crustaceans kunye neentlanzi ezincinci (i-herring kunye ne-sardines), ezitya izilwanyana ezidliwayo. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ubudlelwane bezondlo buyagqitywa kuba abo beli qela baya kuba kukutya kwe-squid kunye neentlanzi ezinkulu ezifana ne-tuna, i-mackerel, i-cod kunye nabanye. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, kukho awona marhamncwa abalulekileyo, angangookrebe, amahlengethwa, amatywina, iintaka zolwandle, phakathi kwezinye, ezondla kubathengi bemfundo ephakamileyo.
Lo mjikelo uphinda-phinda njengoko ukutya okulahlwa ngamarhamncwa aphezulu kufikelela emazantsi olwandle, apho iikreyifishi nezinye ezihlala kulo bunzulu zitya kuzo. Okunye ukutya kophulwa ziibhaktheriya kuze kubuyiselwe kwiindawo ezingekho nzulu apho izityalo zinokusebenzisa izondlo zako. Ukuthathela ingqalelo yonke le ngcaciso, ngoku siza kucacisa ukuba zeziphi izilwanyana zaselwandle ezityayo, ngokubhekiselele kwindawo yokuhlala ngokwayo.
krill
Incinci yaselwandle icrustacean ehlala kwimihlambi kulwandle oluphezulu kwaye iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yekhonkco lokutya, apho kukho malunga neentlobo ze-90, zilinganisa phakathi kwe-8 ukuya kwi-70 mm, kwaye zitya uhlobo lwe-phytoplankton ebizwa ngokuba yi-diatoms. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza ezikukhuphayo kucingelwa ukuba kuya kuzinceda ukuba zihlangane ukuze ziqhayise. Ezi zilwanyana zincinane zona zisebenza njengokutya kweentlanzi, iintaka neminenga eginya iitoni ezi-2 ngexesha. Izikolo zezi khrastasiya zinoxinzelelo lwe-20 kg nge-cubic meter nganye; ezinye iintlobo zihlala zisondele kumphezulu kwaye ezinye zehla ukuya kuma-2000 m ubunzulu.
Ikhalari
Esi silwanyana saselwandle somyalelo we-decabrachia sondla kakhulu kwiintlanzi kunye nee-crustaceans. Ibamba ixhoba ngeentente zalo ezinde, ngoko nangoko ilishwabene ngetyhefu yalo. Olu hlobo luthatha ithuba lomzimba walo omile okwe-torpedo ukuba luhambe ngokukhawuleza kwimigama emifutshane, luyakwazi nokudibanisa nokusingqongileyo ngokutshintsha umbala kwaye lungabonakali kuwo omabini amaxhoba alo kunye namarhamncwa alo, ngaphezu kokuthatha ithuba lelifu elenzayo. kwi-inki ikhupha njengendlela yokukhusela kunye nokuphunyuka xa isongelwa.
Pulpo
Sisilwanyana saselwandle se-carnivorous order Cephalopods, ezifumaneka kumanzi apholileyo kunye nemozulu yetropikhi kwihlabathi jikelele, inokulinganisa ukuya kutsho kwimitha ubude, ihlala ifihlakele phakathi kwamatye kwaye iphuma ukuze itye kwi-crustaceans kunye ne-bivalve molluscs enjalo. njengeembatyisi, iimbaza, i-scallops kunye neeclams, phakathi kwezinye. Iingwane nazo zityiwa ziintlanzi ezininzi ezifana ne-moray eel. Xa behlaselwa, abanye bayakwazi ukuqhwesha ngenxa yokusabela ngamanzi abawakhuphayo, beshiya ngasemva ilifu elikhulu lombala, ukuze babhideke kwaye bashwabe amalungu eemvakalelo zerhamncwa.
I-Clownfish
Le ntlanzi isebenzisana nesinye isilwanyana saselwandle, i<em>anemone, i<em>polyp esebenza ngayo ukuze ifumane ukutya kwayo okuninzi. Xa ishiya iintente ezikhuselayo ze anemone iye kudada kwindawo ekufuphi noqaqa, imibala yayo eqaqambileyo itsala ingqalelo yezilwanyana ezizingelayo yaye itsaleleka kwiintente eziye zaba ngumgibe wokufa njengoko le polyp iqwenga umzingeli nomnini wayo. Esi sidalwa sasemanzini sondla kwi-reef crustaceans kunye ne-algae, sinokutya i-debris, kunye nokutya kwiintente ezifileyo ze-actin.
Stingray
Yenye yeentlanzi ezinkulu ehlabathini, ayinamathambo amathambo kwaye ihlala kumanzi ashushu. Ukutya kwabo okuphambili yiplankton, kodwa bakwatya izilwanyana ezincinci ezinje nge-shrimp kunye nentlanzi, kukhethwa iimullet. Iigill zabo zisebenza njengendlela yokucoca ukutya, ngexesha lokuphefumla amanzi angena emlonyeni athatyathwa yi-gill slits, apho iplankton kunye nokunye ukutya kugcinwa ukuba kamva kuphonswe esiswini.
Xa ibona iqela leentlanzi irhona kwixhoba layo iphinda le nkqubo, ihambela phambili kungakhathaliseki ukuba kukho ukutya okuninzi emacaleni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunokugxininiswa ukuba abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba isilwanyana esikhulile sinokutya ukuya kwi-60 yeekhilogram zokutya imihla ngemihla kwaye banakho ukukhumbula iindawo ezona zokutya ezijikeleze indawo yabo yokuhlala. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, abaxhatshazi bayo ngookrebe kunye neminenga.
IsiTiburon
I-Shark ngokungathandabuzekiyo yenye yezona ntlanzi zidumileyo ezinkulu elwandle naselwandle, izilwanyana ezitya inyama ezondla iintlanzi, i-squid, i-octopus, oononkala kunye nee-crustaceans, phakathi kwezinye iintlobo. Zibonakala ngobuchule bazo obubukhali bokusezela kwaye zibone amaxhoba azo ekumgama weekhilomitha, oko kuwenza abe ngabantu abakhulu nabatshabalalisayo. Ikrelekrele kakhulu xa ijongene nokutshintsha kobushushu kunye neentshukumo emanzini esinye isilwanyana. Xa ookrebe bebancinci kakhulu basengozini yokutyiwa zezinye iintlanzi ezinkulu okanye ingwane.
Ekuzalweni itya iplankton, iintlanzi ezincinci kunye neecrustaceans. Njengoko zikhula, isixa sokutya esikufunayo siyanda kwaye ziya kufuna amaxhoba amaninzi aselwandle anokutya kuwo. Kule nkqubo yokutya, indima yayo njengenye yezilwanyana ezinkulu zaselwandle kufuneka igxininiswe, kuba ukusinda kwayo kubaluleke kakhulu kwindawo yasemanzini. Ukongeza, kuba ibhalansi yonke ikhonkco lokutya ngokutya iintsalela zeminenga okanye ezinye izilwanyana emanzini kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukuthintela ukusasazeka kweebhaktheriya kunye nezinye izinto eziya kuba yingozi.
Umnenga
Zezona zilwanyana zanyisayo zikhulu ehlabathini kwaye zifuna ngaphezu kwetoni yokutya ngemini. Ukutya komnenga kuxhomekeke ekubeni unebaleen okanye amazinyo kunye ne-ecosystem ehlala kuyo. Ngale ndlela, iminenga ye-baleen ineepleyiti ezisebenza njengezihluzi emilonyeni yazo, evumela i-krill encinci kunye neplankton ukuba ingene, ngelixa iminenga enamazinyo iphila ngokuzingela ixhoba elikhulu, ukusuka kwi-halibut esezantsi ukuya kwi-salmon edada elwandle. ukutya rhoqo ihake, icod kunye neherring, phakathi kwezinye.
Ukutya ekuzalweni kweenkonyana ezibizwa ngokuba ngamathole kuqulethwe ubisi olukhutshwa ngamabhinqa ngendlela yejethi ngamabele anemilo yemingxuma emincinci. Ubisi luhlala luxinene kakhulu ngoko aluxutywanga emanzini, ngaphezu kokuba lutyebile kakhulu kumafutha, olubanceda ukuba baqalise ukuphuhliswa kakuhle kwamafutha omzimba ukulawula ubushushu babo kwaye kuya kubavumela ukuba bondliwe okwethutyana. Kuqikelelwa unyaka omnye de bafunde ukuzingela ukuze bazondle, ngokutsho kophando olwenziwe ngabaphandi ngokukhula kwemizimba yabo.
Enye inyani efanelekileyo yeyokuba eyona inkulu kwezi ntlobo zaselwandle ngumnenga oyiblue whale, otya malunga neetoni ezi-3 zekrill, unobunzima obumalunga neetoni ezili-100 kwaye ulinganisa malunga neemitha ezingama-30. Kwelinye icala, owona mnenga udumileyo ngumnenga obulalayo kwaye utya iintlanzi, i-shrimp, octopus, penguins, seals kunye neminye iminenga. Ngeli xesha, ukutya kwe-sperm whale kubandakanya ubukhulu becala iingwane ezinkulu, ookrebe, imitha kunye neentlanzi.
Ukuba uthanda eli nqaku malunga nokuba zidla ntoni izilwanyana zaselwandle kwaye ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nezinye izihloko ezinomdla, unokujonga ezi khonkco zilandelayo: