Un Isalathisi seLaser yeenkwenkwezi Sisixhobo esisebenzayo kakhulu kwizazi ngeenkwenkwezi kunye neenkwenkwezi, kodwa ukuyithenga kunokuba sisigqibo esinzima kakhulu ukuba awuyazi ingcaciso, izilumkiso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo okuchanekileyo, ke sikufundisa konke oko kunye nokunye apha.
Yintoni na kwaye yintoni umsebenzi wayo?
Isalathiso selaser sinokuba nokusetyenziswa okuninzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi nakwezinye iinkcazo-ntetho, kodwa kwi-Astronomy ngokusisiseko sisebenza ukukhomba esibhakabhakeni, sinokunceda ukubonisa umzobo othile okanye ikroza esifuna ukubonisa abanye. Ukuba luncedo kwesalathiso ekuphondweni kweenkwenkwezi kunokuba ngumbono omhle kakhulu, ukukwazi ukubona indlela umtha wokukhanya obonakala ngayo ebumnyameni basebusuku kunokusinika ingcamango yokuba ukukhanya kusichukumisa ngokwenene isibhakabhaka.
Zininzi iintlobo zezikhombisi zelaser, ezokuqala ezaye zenziwa zinamandla egesi kwaye emva kokuba ezo zeza ezinye ukuze ziphucule ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokwenza lula umbono weliso lomntu, zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuphononongwa kweenkwenkwezi luhlobo lwe-diode, oluqinisekisa ukuba yangoku yamandla inokuhamba kwicala elinye kuphela kwaye ayivumelekanga ukuba ijike, nokusebenzisa ilensi ukwenza ngcono iprojekthi ukukhanya.
Umsebenzi othile we-laser pointer unokuthelekiswa nokukhanya kwebhalbhu yokukhanya, ekubeni ibhalbhu yokukhanya inokuphosa ukukhanya okungaphezulu kune-laser encinci, nangona kunjalo ukukhanya kusasazeka kulo lonke igumbi, elikhawulela umda walo.
Singathatha isibane njengomnye umzekelo, oku kunokuthathelwa ingqalelo indawo ephakathi phakathi kwazo zombini njengoko inogxininiso oluchanekileyo kunolo lwebhalbhu yesibane, kodwa ekubeni umsebenzi wayo ikukukhanyisa kwaye hayi ukukhomba, uqikelelo luncinci kakhulu kunebhalbhu yesibane. eyelaser kwaye inoluhlu oluncinci, kunye nokukhanya akunabala kwaye kunokubhideka ngokulula.
Indlela yokukhetha a Isalathisi seLaser yeenkwenkwezi?
Zininzi iintlobo zezikhombisi zelaser, uluhlu lufutshane xa lusetyenziswa ngakumbi kwizifundo zeenkwenkwezi, kodwa nangona kunjalo iseyikhathalogu ebanzi kakhulu kwaye xa ukhetha enye, iinkcukacha ezininzi kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo. Ukuqala, kufuneka simisele ukusetyenziswa okuthe ngqo esiza kukunika, ekubeni a Isalathisi seLaser yeenkwenkwezi inokuza ngeenkcazo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwinjongo.
Kukho ezinye ezinokudityaniswa kwi-a Telescopio ukuququzelela uqwalaselo lwezinye iinkwenkwezi, ngelixa kukho ezinye ezixhaphake kakhulu kule ndawo, ezingafaniyo neyokuqala zincinci kwaye ziyilelwe ukuba zikhuphe ukukhanya ixesha elifutshane, kucetyiswa ukuba ungazigcini ixesha elide. ngaphezu kwemizuzwana engama-30 kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukwazi ukwandisa ixesha lemveliso.
Potencia
Omnye umba obaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka siwuthathele ingqalelo ngamandla elaser, uninzi lukholelwa ukuba amandla esalathisi selaser enza ukuba ukukhanya kwawo kubonakale ngakumbi, nangona kunjalo amandla acetyiswayo kwi-astronomy asuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-200 milliwatts (mW) ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo yobuchwephesha kwaye ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-5mw ukuba yeyokuzonwabisa okanye imisebenzi yokuzonwabisa / yokhenketho.
Ubukhulu obuphezulu kakhulu bunokwenza kube nzima ukujonga, kuba ukukhanya kuya kukhazimla kangangokuba umbono kuya kufuneka uqhelane nawo kwaye ezinye iinkwenkwezi ziya kujongeka zingabonakali, ukongeza kwinto yokuba amandla angakumbi amaxabiso nawo ayanda. I Izalathisi zeLaser yeAstronomical ngokuqhelekileyo iklasi ye-2 okanye i-3B, kufuneka siqaphele xa siyithenga kwaye siqinisekise ukuba imveliso inamandla akhuselekileyo kwaye sinokuyiphatha.
Kukho into yokuba kwamanye amazwe amandla ale mveliso aqinisekisiwe kwaye ukuthengiswa nokuhanjiswa kwawo akuvumelekanga, ukongeza kwinto yokuba kukho imithetho elawula ukusetyenziswa kwayo, oku kuba sisiphumo seziganeko ezininzi apho umsebenzi waboleka iinjongo ezimbi. Kufuneka sigxininise ukuba ukuphatha kakubi esi sixhobo kunokuba yingozi kakhulu.
umbala
Kwelinye icala sinombala, i I-electromagnetic spectrum Yintoni ekhutshwa yilaser pointer kufuneka ibonakale emehlweni abantu, kwaye iphawuleka kangakanani kuxhomekeke kumbala, endaweni yamandla, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, yinto abantu abaninzi abakholelwa kuyo.
Owona mbala ucetyiswayo wesalathiso se-laser uluhlaza, nangona kwasekuqaleni wawuveliswe ngobomvu ngenxa yexabiso lawo eliphantsi kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaphunyezwa imibala emininzi efana neorenji, imfusa okanye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Le mibala inokubonwa ibonakaliswe kuluhlu oluthelekisayo luvumela ukuba sazi ukuba yeyiphi imbonakalo yethu ebukhali ngakumbi, ngokusekelwe kule nto, kwakunokwenzeka ukugqiba ukuba kulula kakhulu ukuqonda umbala oluhlaza, ngokukodwa kwindawo emnyama, enjalo. njengoko iyingubo yasebusuku, kuyo yonke le nto singongeza ukuba uhlaza ngumbala ongeyongozi kakhulu kwibala leliso xa kuthelekiswa nabanye.
Udidi
Kukho ulwahlulo lokumisela amandla eLaser Pointer avunyelwe kwezinye izizwe kwaye kuxhomekeke kummandla okuwo, kufuneka ujonge ukuba amandla emveliso ofuna ukuyithenga asemthethweni.
- Iklasi yoku-1: Babhekwa njengekhuselekile kuyo nayiphi na imeko apho ukusetyenziswa kwabo kuchanekile ngokufanelekileyo kwaye banokuqhagamshelana ngokuthe ngqo ngamehlo (nokuba basebenzise isixhobo esonyusa ukugxila kwabo), ngaphandle kokuchaphazela kakhulu umbono.
- I-Class 1M: Zibhekwa njengekhuselekile nje kuphela xa zisetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo, ekufuneka zichazwe ngumenzi, nangona kunjalo zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu kwinkqubo ye-ocular ukuba isixhobo esonyusa ugxininiso lusetyenziswa.
- Udidi 1C: Zenziwa ukuze ukudibana kwazo namehlo kukhuseleke, kodwa imitha eziyivelisayo inokuba yingozi eluswini.
- Iklasi ye-2: Amandla ayo yi-1mW, izibonakaliso ezibonakalayo zibonelela ngokukhuselwa okwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba ukudibanisa neso kungabi yingozi, nokuba izixhobo ezandisa ugxininiso zisetyenziswa.
- Iklasi ye-2M: Njengoko kwiklasi yesibini, i-reflexes ebonakalayo ikhusela nawuphi na umonakalo, kodwa ngale klasi, ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezandisa ugxininiso lwakho kunokulimaza kwamehlo akho.
- I-Class 3R: Amandla ayo yi-5mW okanye ngaphezulu, ukukhanya okukhuphayo kuyingozi kwiso.
- Udidi lwe-3B: Amandla abo aphakathi kwe-5mW kunye ne-500mW, i-beam yokukhanya abayikhuphayo iyingozi kakhulu (ngaphezu kweklasi ye-3R), kodwa ukuba ukukhanya kubetha umphezulu ongekho tyaba, ukubonakaliswa kwayo kukhuselekile. Imilinganiselo yokusetyenziswa kwayo iyancipha ngakumbi kuneklasi ye-3R kwaye ineemeko ezininzi zokuvelisa.
- Udidi lwesi-4: Amandla abo makhulu kunama-500mW, ayingozi kakhulu kwaye ukudibana kwawo ngokuthe ngqo, ngokungathanga ngqo okanye kokubonakalisa imbonakalo kunokuba yingozi kakhulu kulusu kunye namehlo kwaye kunokubangela imililo.
Izixhobo
Ezinye izikhombisi zelaser zisebenza ngeebhetri ezilahlwayo okanye ezinokutshajwa kwaye kukho ezinye zale mihla eziphinda zitshajwe ngentambo ye-USB, oku kuya kuhlala kubandakanyiwe kwimiyalelo kwaye kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwibrendi okanye imodeli oyifunayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngaphandle kokuba isetyenziselwa ukuzonwabisa, yinto ethambileyo ekufuneka ikhathalelwe ngokufanelekileyo, kubandakanywa nombane wokutshaja, konke oku ukuphepha ukubangela umonakalo kwimveliso.
Kukho izikhombisi ezinokhetho lokutshintsha ubungakanani bomqadi okhoyo, oku kuxhomekeke kwindlela esingcoliseke ngayo indawo esiyisebenzisayo, kukho ezinye ezinezixhobo kwaye zisebenza ukubonisa iimilo ezikunceda ukugubungela indawo enkulu. .
Imozulu kunye ne-atmosphere
Kuya kufuneka ucinge ukuba ukubonwa kwesibane sokukhanya kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kungcoliseko lokukhanya, ungcoliseko lomoya kunye nemozulu yommandla wakho, ke kufuneka kuqala ube nendawo ehlala ipholile kwaye isibhakabhaka sasebusuku sinokubonwa ngeso lenyama.
Izalathisi zidla ngokuphulukana nokusebenza xa zisetyenziswa kwiindawo apho amaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu, ngoko ke kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba imveliso iyakwazi ukumelana nengqele kwaye isawenza umsebenzi wayo.
Kucetyiswa ukuzisebenzisa xa kumnyama kakhulu kwaye isibhakabhaka sonke sikhanyiswa kuphela Iinkwenkwezi Sincoma ukuba udibane nomntu osebenza naye emsebenzini okanye into oyithandayo malunga nemodeli kunye nebhrendi oyifumeneyo kwaye uyazi ukuba izalisekisa umsebenzi owufunayo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuba umtha wokukhanya awuchukumisi nakweyiphi na inkwenkwezi, awudluli nokudlula kwi-atmosfera, nto leyo enokuthetha umqobo kwizazi ngeenkwenkwezi ezinkulu zanamhlanje kuba ithintela into enokuba luphononongo olunzulu ngakumbi. yonke imizimba ekhoyo kwindawo enkulu, kude ngaphaya kweplanethi yethu encinci.
Ukungalungi okuncinci okuveliswa ngumaleko obanzi wegesi kukuba xa kujongwe ilensi ibangela isiphumo somfiliba kwaye yenza ukuba iinkwenkwezi zibukeke zimfiliba kakhulu okanye zinika umbono wokuba zihamba ngokukhawuleza nangokuqhubekayo, isenzo esingekhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhubela phambili okukhulu kunye nokufumanisa kuye kwavumela ukuphuculwa okubalulekileyo ukunciphisa impembelelo eveliswa yi-atmosfera ekuqwalaseleni indawo ukusuka emhlabeni.
Ukusebenzisa i-Astronomical Laser Pointer
Sele siyichazile into yokuqala ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo xa uthenga isikhombisi selaser kusetyenziso oza kukunika lona, kuba kwi-astronomy ungayisebenzisa kwimisebenzi emininzi, njengokukhomba ngokufutshane indawo ethile yesibhakabhaka, oku kuya kusebenza. kwiihambo, imisebenzi yolonwabo, ukhenketho okanye ukuba unomdla wokukhangela indawo kunye nabahlobo ababelana ngencasa efanayo.
Okanye kwimisebenzi eyonwabisa ngakumbi kunye nenkampani engcono, ungayisebenzisa ukuchitha ixesha elisemgangathweni kunye nosapho lwakho, ngakumbi nabancinci endlwini abaya kuthanda ukonwabela umbono obonakalayo ohamba nesalathisi selaser okanye baya kuchukunyiswa ukukwazi ukukubonisa iinkwenkwezi zabo abazithandayo.
Kwelinye icala, kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kwindawo yokusebenza ukuba wenza umsebenzi ongakholelekiyo wesazi ngeenkwenkwezi okanye into efanayo, kwaye inokuba luncedo kakhulu kuphando osebenzisa isibhakabhaka njengento yokufunda. Kwezinye zezi meko kunye kunye nezinye izixhobo, inokuququzelela ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yokufumana indawo iiplanethi zesixokelelwano selanga, amakroza okanye ezinye izidalwa zasezulwini.
Singafumana kwakhona Izalathisi zeLaser yeAstronomical ngobukhulu obukhulu, isetyenziswa zizikhululo eziphethe indawo kunye nokubeka iliso kwisathelayithi, zisebenzisa i-laser enkulu exhotyiswe nezinye izixhobo, phakathi kwazo iteleskopu yokujonga kunye nomamkeli ofumana ukukhanya okubetha isathelayithi kunye. ibuyisela kwisikhululo apho izibalo zenziwa kwaye umgama phakathi kwesiseko sesixhobo ulinganiswa, ukuze ukwazi ukufuduka okwenzileyo.
Ukongeza kwezo sele zikhankanyiwe, i-laser ye-astronomical ineminye imisebenzi emininzi, efana nokubeka iliso kwezinye izinto ezisesithubeni, ukubala amaxesha ngamaxesha umthamo womhlaba nazo zonke izithintelo kunye notshintsho kwisakhiwo esihlala sitshintsha, ukulinganisa umgama. ukusuka eMhlabeni ukuya eNyangeni (ehamba minyaka le), kunye nomgama oya kwezinye iiPlanethi ngokunjalo.
ImiGaqo yoMgangatho weLaser yeAstronomical
Awona manyathelo othintelo asisiseko ngawo sele sele sikhankanyile ngaphambili, afana nokungajongi mntu emehlweni njengoko oku kunokubangela ukwenzakala kwinhlamvu yeliso, kwimeko embi kakhulu inokumshiya eyimfama. Musa ukukhomba nasiphi na isibuko, iglasi okanye ifestile njengoko umfanekiso unokubuyela kuwe okanye kwicala lomnye umntu.
Iinqwelo-moya, i-helicopter okanye nayiphi na indlela yokuhamba emhlabeni akufanele ibhekiswe okanye iqondiswe, njengoko umphumo ngaphakathi kwesithuthi okanye i-cabin ingabangela ukukhanya kwaye ibe noxanduva lwengozi enkulu, ngaphezu kwento yokuba kwimimandla emininzi oku kuqwalaselwa. Ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho lisongela ukhuseleko ezindleleni. Akufunekanga isetyenziswe kwindawo yokukhangela indawo phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imeko, konke ukwenzela ukuthintela oku kukhankanywe ngasentla.
Le mveliso ayiyona into yokudlala, kodwa xa isetyenziswe yintsana, kufuneka ibe phantsi kolawulo lwabazali babo okanye umntu omdala onoxanduva owaziyo amanyathelo ahlakaniphile okusingatha esi sixhobo. Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba imveliso iqinisekisiwe liziko lokhuseleko lesizwe kwaye isixhobo sixhotyiswe ngokupheleleyo kunye nazo zonke izincedisi kunye namaxwebhu aso ahambelanayo.
Siyazi ukuba mininzi imithetho, imigaqo kunye nemiqolomba ngokubhekisele kwezi zikhombisi ze-laser kwaye ekugqibeleni sifuna nje into enokukhomba into esiyibonayo esibhakabhakeni, into esifuna ukuba abanye bayibone kwaye babe nexesha elimnandi kwiqela. .
Noko ke, yonke le miyalelo nezilumkiso zezokuba loo mathuba angajiki abe yingozi embi enokubangela umonakalo osisigxina kumntu esimthandayo okanye kuthi ngokwethu. Kungenxa yoko le nto sikucela ukuba uqaphele kakhulu kwaye uthintele xa uthengela le mveliso kwaye ukusetyenziswa okunikwe kuyo kube yinto enzima ehlengahlengisiweyo kwimisebenzi yayo.