I-Octopus: Iimpawu, indawo yokuhlala, ukutya kunye nokunye

El Pulpo, i-octopod yaselwandle, ayinayo i-skeleton yangaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngenxa yokukhululeka kwayo, ithathwa njengeyona nto inobuchule kunye nobukrelekrele bezilwanyana ezingenamqolo. Eli nqaku libonisa umxholo opheleleyo kunye othakazelisayo wesi silwanyana ngokubonakala okungaqhelekanga, okukwazi ukufihla iimfihlo.

El Pulpo

El i-octopus, yi<em>invertebrate mollusk, oko kukuthi, ilungu lolwahlulo lwezilwanyana. Ayinamathambo angaphakathi nangaphandle, ikwanezinto ezingaqhelekanga zokuba umzimba wayo uthambile. Ngoko ke, ayinaso nasiphi na isigqubuthelo esiyikhuselayo kwingozi yamarhamncwa ayo. Ineentente ezisibhozo, yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-octopod.

Ubukrelekrele bakhe, ubukrelekrele kunye nobuchule bakhe bumbeka njengoyena buqili bohlobo lwakhe. Uphando lubonisa ukuba unenkumbulo ekhethekileyo. Kunye nokuba namandla okuchukumisayo okuphendula kukuphazamiseka okwenzeka ngexesha lokufuduswa kwakho. Obunye ubuchule bakhe obubalaseleyo kukuba nobuchule bokuxelisa, ukukopa okanye ukuphinda ihambo yezilwanyana.

Kodwa ngaphambi kwayo yonke le nto, kukho eyona nto imangalisayo, ebubuchule okanye ubuqhophololo bokonwabisa kunye nokoyisa oko bamele ukuba bazibonakalise njengabazingela. Kuba ekugqibeleni uyakwazi ukubaleka ebashiya bedidekile kwaye bekhohlisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, nanini na xa kunokwenzeka kuye, wamkela imbonakalo yezinto ezisingqongileyo kuba ungomnye wabo izilwanyana ezizifihlayo.

Ngento egqibeleleyo ukuziqhelanisa nokuguquguquka kwayo okunamandla, zombini iimilo kunye nemibala, ngaphandle kokushiya ukuthungwa ngasemva. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaxesha apho zonke ezi ziganeko zokukhohlisa zingachanekanga kwaye ubhenela kwelinye eliya kumsindisa ngokuqinisekileyo, elikukhupha i-inki yakhe, eshiya abahlaseli bakhe benombono ongacacanga.

Oku kubangela ukuba amarhamncwa azo ahlale phambi kwamanzi anamafu ngokupheleleyo apho amandla awo okunuka nawo ayancipha. Ukubonelela i-octopus ngomzuzu ofanelekileyo wokubalekela ngaphandle kokubonwa, emva kokuthatha amanzi kunye nokuwagxotha, okuyiyona ndlela yokuqhubela phambili ehamba ngayo.

Akukho nto ikuthintelayo ekuthatheni ulawulo

Ngokuziphatha kwayo, izibonelelo, ubuchule, ubuqhetseba, ububi kunye nokuba mnandi, kubonakala ngathi ewe, i-octopus iyinkosi yokuphila okanye ukuziphilisa. Akanikezeli, ukuphendula kwakhe kuyathandeka kwaye amaxesha amaninzi angenakulinganiswa, uyayazi indlela yokukhohlisa kwaye akayeki ukuphazamisa iinzame ezininzi zeentshaba zakhe.

Uhlolisiso luye lwabonisa ukuba amarhamncwa anjengookrebe aboyikekayo, ii<em>conger eel, amahlengesi, ii<em>groupers, kwaneeel, azibazi nokuba zikho. Ngenxa yokuba ingwane enobuchule bayo ibalasele kubugcisa bokufihla, ngelixa idada kwaye idada ecaleni kwayo ingabuboni ubukho bayo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, xa i-predator ithatha intente, ukuyibamba, ayinamsebenzi. Kuba nokuba ungayisusa, uya kukwazi ukuqhubeka uphila kuba iya kuzihlaziya ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngaphandle kokumela isizathu esibangela isithintelo okanye umonakalo kuphuhliso okanye ubukho bayo.

Ubukho babo kwiMythology okanye kwiNkcubeko

Okubangela umdla kukuba, iye yaba yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba iingwane benze inkangeleko yabo eyothusayo kumabali ahlukeneyo apho kukho ubukho boloyiko kunye noloyiko. Apho iboniswe njengoko injalo, njengezinye iinkcazo-ntetho apho baye basebenzisa ubuchule obubonisa intsomi.

Kukho imizekelo efana neKraken, evela kwintsomi yaseScandinavia, emele i-monster enkulu evela enzulwini eyafika phezulu ukuze ihlasele iinqanawa kwaye idle oomatiloshe. Enye ihambelana ne-Akkorokamui, i-monster yobukhulu obukhulu, inxalenye yembali ye-Ainos.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezi zilwanyana ze-octopod zitolikwa kudidi loshicilelo lwaseJapan olubhekiselele kwingcamango kunye nokunikezelwa kwesondo njengobugcisa, obubizwa ngokuba yiShunga.

I-Octopus taxonomy

Ngokolwazi olunikwe yisazi sezilwanyana saseNgesi, isazi ngebhayoloji yaselwandle kunye nelungu leRoyal Society (FRS), uWilliam Elford Leach, ngo-1818, i-taxonomy ye-octopus imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Igama lenzululwazi: Octopoda
• UBukumkani baseAnimalia
• UPhylum: Mollusca
• Iklasi: Cephalopoda
• Udidi oluphantsi: iColeoidea
• I-Superorder: Ii-Octopododiforms
• Umyalelo: Octopoda
• Iisuborders: Cirrina – Incirrina

Imvelaphi kunye noPhuhliso lwe-Evolution ye-Octopus

Iirekhodi zibonisa ukuba iklasi ye-invertebrates yolwandle iyingxenye ye-mollusk phylum. Zibizwa ngokuba zii-cephalopods, ziye zaphila malunga ne-500 yezigidi zeminyaka. Apho, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ookhokho be-octopods beza ukuzalisa iilwandle ngexesha lePaleozoic Era. Ngokukodwa kwixesha leCarconiferous, ixesha elijikelezayo malunga ne-300 yezigidi zeminyaka. Eyona steolith yamandulo (fossil bone) yeyePohlsepia, eyayikho kwi-296 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo.

Umntu, njengoko kufanele kuqondwe, ukuba uphononongo lwefosili yalo, ngaphezu koko, luntsonkothile kakhulu. Kuba yiloo nto i-octopus Sisilwanyana esithambileyo esingenamathambo. Ukongezelela, baye bahlala beneempawu zabo ezifanayo zeengalo ezisibhozo, iintliziyo ezintathu kunye neengqondo ezisithoba.

Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lunike ulwazi okanye ukufumanisa ukuba iingwane zisebenzisa inkqubo yendaleko engafanelekanga kwezinye izinto eziphilayo ezifundwayo. Ngale ndlela, kuyaziwa ukuba ukwahluka okunamandla kunye namandla okuba luncedo ekuqaleni kokudalwa kweemolekyuli kwenzeka kwiDNA. Emva koko udlulele kwi-RNA, apho iguqulwa ibe yinto ebizwa ngokuba, ukuguqulwa kweeprotheni.

Kodwa kuvele ukuba uphando lubonisa ukuba into efanayo ayenzeki kwi-octopus, okanye ubuncinane akunjalo. Ngenxa yokuba banezinto ezikhethekileyo zokuguqula iiproteni zabo ngaphandle kokuguqula iDNA. Apho abaphandi bayo banike igama kwinkqubo eyenziwa "ukuhlelwa kwe-RNA". Ukubalwa kwikhathalogu ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye kungaqhelekanga.

Indawo yokuhlala yeOctopus

Ezi Izilwanyana ezinetyhefu ahlala kuzo zonke iilwandlekazi zehlabathi, oko kukuthi, kuwo onke amanzi anetyuwa. Ukuba neyona ndawo ikhethwayo okanye eyona ndawo yokuzimela, iingqaqa zekorale. Nangona iyakwazi ukuhlala ngokugqibeleleyo emanzini abandayo, ezona zibalaseleyo xa zikhetha zifudumele. Ukuba kwimozulu yetropikhi kunye nemozulu epholileyo.

Zonke ezi zibonelelo ezinxulumene nokuziqhelanisa yinto eyenza kube lula ukubonwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala zaselwandle zesijikelezi-langa. Kubalulekile ukuyikhankanya loo nto iingwane ezigcinwe kumanzi abandayo zinento ekhethekileyo yokuphuhlisa imilinganiselo emikhulu. Ngokuphathelele abo bakhetha amanzi ashushu.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi "Common Octopus" zigcinwa kumachibi aphakathi kwamaza, akhiwe phakathi kwamatye aselunxwemeni lolwandle. I "Great Blue Octopus" ikhula kakhulu kwiingqaqa zekorale. I "Argonauts", ngenxalenye yabo emanzini e-pelagic okanye i-piélago. Lowo ngumqolo wamanzi olwandle ongekho ngaphezu kweshelufu yelizwekazi.

I "Abdopus Aculeatus" ihlala kwizihlalo ezibizwa ngokuba ziibhedi zengca yolwandle, ezihlala zizityalo, kufutshane kakhulu nonxweme. Ngokuphathelele abo bahlala kumanzi abandayo, kukho "i-Bathypolypus Arcticus", ehlala kwiindawo ezinzulu kakhulu zolwandle kunye nolwandle (i-1.000 yeemitha), ezibizwa ngokuba ngamathafa abyssal.

Kodwa le yodlulwa yi "Vulcanoctopus Hydrothermalis", indawo yayo yokuhlala ikufuphi ne-hydrothermal vents kubunzulu obumalunga ne-2.000 yeemitha. Kwelinye icala, i-suborder ye-cephalopod molluscs, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Cirrinos", ifumaneka kuwo onke amanzi anzulu.

Iimpawu zeOctopus

Phakathi ezifanelekileyo iimpawu ze-octopus kukho oku kulandelayo:

• Ziyi-odolo ye-omnivorous molluscs.
• Abanamathambo angaphakathi nangaphandle, ngoko ke bathambile.
• Zineentente ezisibhozo, nganye inemiqolo emibini yeencangathi ezincangathi ngokupheleleyo.
• Ifumaneka kuzo zonke iilwandlekazi zehlabathi.
• Ubungakanani bayo buyatshintsha ngokweentlobo kunye nokuba ifunyenwe emanzini ashushu okanye abandayo.
• Inezibini ezimbini zamadlala amathe, enye yazo inetyhefu.
• Entloko yakhe kukho ingqondo, iintliziyo ezintathu kunye namehlo amabini.
• Iintliziyo ezimbini zithwala igazi kwiigill, ngelixa enye ithwala igazi ukuya emzimbeni.
• Amehlo abo ayahlula yomibini imifanekiso nemibala.
• Bazizithulu ngokupheleleyo.
• Ulusu lwazo luneeseli ezivelisa umbala obala ekuthiwa zii<em>chromatophores kwidermis, nto leyo ebanika amandla okulinganisa, oko kukuthi, ukuguqula umbala wabo ngokufana nemekobume. Izifihla ngayo kwaye ayipheli ekubanjweni ngamarhamncwa ayo, phantse lonke ixesha.
• Iintente zayo ezisibhozo, nganye kuzo ixhotyiswe ngobuchopho, idibana neyona iphambili isentloko. Apho ngemvisiswano bayalathisa kwaye balawule iintshukumo kunye nezenzo.
• Igazi elisemzimbeni wakho linombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngenxa yemolekyuli ekhoyo ebizwa ngokuba yihemocyanin. Uxanduva lokuqhuba ukuthuthwa kweoksijini ngegazi.
• Ukuhamba kwayo kuqhutyelwa emva kokugxotha ngobudlova amanzi athatha nge-orifice ye-siphon yayo.
• Kwisambatho sayo kukho i-viscera, ngaphandle kwedlala elinoxanduva lokwenza i-inki.
• Baneentloni, kuba bakhetha ukufihlwa kwaye bahlala bengabonakali.
• Inkumbulo yayo kunye nomthamo wokuphendula uyamangalisa, udweliswa njengezona zikrelekrele kwizilwanyana ezingenamqolo.

Amacandelo e-Octopus

Malunga ne iindawo zengwane, kufuneka kumzimba wezi zilwanyana ze-octopod. Ibonelelwe ngale mimandla mithathu ilandelayo, eyohluliweyo kunye nengqalileyo, eyile:

• Mantle: Ingubo ye-octopus yenziwe ngawo onke amalungu ayo, eyazi ngoko ukuba iigill nazo zifakwe kuyo. Kuba oko kusekiweyo, leyo yenye ye izilwanyana eziphefumla ngeegill. Iphinde yenziwe ngamalungu okuzala, umgudu wokwetyisa kunye nengxowa yeinki.
• Izigulo: Zenziwe ngeentente ezisibhozo, nganye kuzo inikwe imiqolo emibini yeencangathi ezincangathi ngokupheleleyo ebambelela ngayo apho ithanda khona. Kwakunye nokuyivumela ukuba ibambe ixhoba layo phambi kokulitya. Iintente zinento ekhethekileyo yokubamba okanye ukucacisa ikhonkco nentloko, ingqondo, iintliziyo ezintathu, umlomo kunye namehlo.
• Intloko: Intloko ye-octopus imele eyona ndawo inamandla emzimbeni wayo. Ngaphakathi kuyo kukho ubuchopho neentliziyo ezintathu yaye ngaphandle ubona amehlo nomlomo, apho inomlomo oneempondo ezomeleleyo.

Amacandelo asasazwe kwiMimandla emithathu

Oku kuquka oku kulandelayo:

• Iintliziyo: Zintathu zizonke, ezibekwe ngaphakathi kwentloko yakho. Ababini kubo bathwala igazi kwiiseli zegazi, ngoxa enye ithwala igazi ukuya kuwo wonke umzimba.
• ingqondo: Ingwane ineengqondo ezisithoba, apho ezisibhozo zisasazwe, nganye ikwintente kunye neyokugqibela entloko. Ukuba iyona nto iphambili, yobukhulu obukhulu kwaye apho imiyalelo ivela ekuqaleni ukuba kamva, ngokuhambelana nesibhozo, ukulawula ukwenza izenzo zabo.
• Amehlo: Ezi zifumaneka entloko, zibe nophuhliso olubonakalayo oluvumela ukuba benze imifanekiso, kunye nokungafani okanye ukucalula imibala.

• Amadlala amathe: Aba babini, ekubeni ngokulandelelanayo, omnye wabo unetyhefu.
• umlomo oneempondo: Le ibekwe ekungeneni koko kungumngxuma womlomo wakhe, onamandla amangalisayo.
• iigill: Kwi-octopus, iigill ziyingxenye enzima yokubona, apho amanzi adlula khona, encedisa kwinkqubo yokuphefumula.
• Siphon: Le nxalenye yinto evumela i-octopus ukuba ikhuphe, ikhuphe, ifake i-fan okanye ilahle amanzi ayithathayo, ngaloo ndlela ikwazi ukuphumeza ukuhamba kwayo phambili.
• I-Viscera: Zibekwe kwindawo ye-dorsal yomzimba wayo, kufutshane nesiza apho i-inki ivelisa khona igcinwa okanye iqokelelwe.
• Ibhegi ye-inki: Le yinxalenye apho i-inki igcinwa khona.
• Ulusu: Ulusu lubhekisa kwisigqubuthelo esipheleleyo okanye isambatho esihlala kwaye sikhusele umzimba wakho, apho iiseli ze-pigmentation ezibizwa ngokuba ziichromatophores zifunyanwa. Ezibanika inzuzo yokuguqula umbala wabo ngokuwuqhelanisa nokusingqongileyo, bakwazi ukuzifihla kumarhamncwa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo eziyingozi.

I-Anatomy kunye nePhysiology yeOctopus

Ngokumalunga ne-anatomy kunye ne-physiology ye-octopus, oku kulandelayo kuqwalaselwa:

Tamaño

Eyona ntlobo inkulu erekhodiweyo kwi i-octopus Yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi "giant octopus" (Enteroctopus dofleini), apho i-specimen yamadoda idla ngokufikelela kubunzima beekhilogram ezili-15. Ukubhalisa ezinye iintente ezimalunga neemitha ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-5 ubude. Ubunyani bale octopod enobunzima beekhilogram ezingama-71 bubonakaliswe ngezenzo zezazinzulu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, unesihlalo esimangalisayo sesilwanyana esineentente eziimitha ezili-9 ubude kunye nobunzima obuziikhilogram ezingama-272. Ngokuchasene nale rekhodi yintlobo encinci kunazo zonke, eyi "Octopus wolfi", enomlinganiselo ovela kwi-2,5 centimeters kunye nobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-1 gram.

Imorphology yangaphandle

Ngokumalunga ne-morphology yayo yangaphandle, i i-octopus Inomzimba othambileyo, enentloko enkulu ekhule kakuhle. Amehlo abo makhulu, ahluke ngokupheleleyo, ayakwazi ukuchonga imifanekiso kunye nemibala. Obo buhle bubonelelwa kukuba amehlo abo ane-lens kunye ne-iris elawula ukungena kokukhanya. Ke ngoko ukubonwa kwabo kuphuhliswe kakhulu.

Iintente zayo ezisibhozo zinemiqolo emibini yeencangathi ezincangathi kumnye. Ngokufanayo, zidibana emazantsi entloko yakhe, apho umlomo wakhe uxhotyiswe ngophondo olunamandla kakhulu. Kwingubo yokwaleka kukho i-viscera, kunye nediphozithi ye-inki esetyenziswa njengokhuselo, ukubaleka kumarhamncwa.

Ine-siphon evumela ukuba ikhuphe amanzi ngamandla amakhulu kwaye ngaloo ndlela iqhube ukufuduka kwayo. Le siphon inento engaqhelekanga yokutshintsha isalathiso ngoko iya kunika i-angle yayo ngokubhekiselele apho ifuna ukuhamba khona. Kwisikhumba sayo kukho iiseli ze-pigmentation ezibizwa ngokuba ziichromatophores, ezizivumela ukuba ziqhelane nendawo ekuyo. Ukutshintsha umbala kunye nokuthungwa, okuyindlela exabisekileyo yokufihla iintshaba zayo.

Ukuphefumla

Ngokwe- iintlobo zokuphefumla kwezilwanyana, ingwane kufuneka iqhube okufanayo, ukuphefumla kwegill. Oku kuquka ukungenisa amanzi ngomngxuma we-mantle ngomngxuma. Emva koko iqhutyelwa kwiigillde de ekugqibeleni iphoswe ngaphandle, iyikhuphe nge-siphon.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iphefumla kuphela ngelixa iqubha, kuba xa "ihamba phantsi", ayifuni. Oku kuthetha ukuba bafezekisa kuphela ngokuthatha amanzi angena ngokuvuleka kwengubo, ecebileyo kwi-oksijini, de kube ukugqiba inkqubo. Ke ukuphefumla kwakho kudityaniswa kwaye kuhlengahlengiswe kwintshukumo.

Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba indlela apho umngxuma kwi-mantle ivula, njenge-siphon, isebenza njengama-valve. Xa ivula ukuze kungene amanzi, ivaleka kwangoko ithintele ukuba ingabuyi kwaye kulapho ikhokelela kwiigill. Xa, ngokuchaseneyo, iya kuphuma nge-siphon, ivula, amanzi aphuma kwaye avale ukukhusela ukungena kwamanzi kule ndawo.

Yonke le ndlela isenziwa yimisipha yengubo, apho iyancipha ngakumbi. Okukhulu kuya kuba yimpembelelo ethathwe kwindawo yokuphuma kwaye emva koko i-oksijini eninzi iya kufumaneka. Oko kuya kuvelisa intshukumo yomzimba wakho ukuya kwelinye icala.

Inkqubo yokujikeleza

I-octopus kuphela kwesilwanyana esineentliziyo ezintathu, apho kuchazwe ngasentla, iintliziyo ezimbini zinoxanduva lokuqhuba igazi kwiigill. Oku kungena ngaphandle kweoksijini kwaye xa iphuma inikwa ioksijini ngesenzo sentliziyo yesithathu ukuya kuwo wonke umzimba. Oku kubenza bazive bediniwe rhoqo xa bequbha, ngoko badla ngokubonwa behamba emazantsi olwandle.

Igazi lakhe lihlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye ngenxa ye-hemocyanin equlethwe kuyo, yintoni evumela ukuthuthwa kweoksijini, equka ubhedu. Okuchaseneyo kuyinyaniso kwi-hemoglobin, equka isinyithi. Ngokwenxalenye yayo, ngaphandle kwe<em>hemocyanin, bekungenakwenzeka ukuthutha ioksijini egazini kumaqondo aphantsi obushushu okanye xa isikelwe umda ekuyifumaneni.

Inkqubo yokwetyisa

Ngaphambi kokuphuhlisa indlela eyenziwa ngayo, kuyimfuneko ukucacisa ukuba i-radula iyilungu eliqulethe izihlunu ezinamandla ezenza kube lula ukuba ziqhube ngaphandle komlomo. Ukuba yindlela yokusebenza efana naleyo yento esetyenziselwa ukukhuhla.

Inkqubo yenkqubo yokugaya inesiqalo sayo kwi-mucus evelisa kwaye igxotha i-octopus ngamadlala akho amathe. Oku kumanzisa i-radula, okwenza kube lula ukudibanisa izahlulo eziza kuginywa. Ukulandela oku, kuza umgudu odlula kummizo ukuya esiswini apho amadlala okwetyisa aqulethwe esibindini abonakaliswa.

Ngeli xesha, ukuhanjiswa kobuninzi be-mucous apho ukutya okutyayo kufumaneka khona, okubizwa ngokuba yi-prostyle, kukhuselwe inani le-cilia. Apho obu bunzima bungena kwimibhobho yamadlala okugaya, kwaye emva koko ikhuphe inkunkuma emathunjini.

Ukukhupha

Amalungu akhuphayo ingwane enazo zizintso zohlobo lwe "tubular metanephridia", ebizwa ngokuba yi "Bojanus organ". Ezi zimbini ngokwenene, kwaye kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba kwi-metanephridia kukho, ngokuphindaphindiweyo, amacandelo amabini okanye ngaphezulu angaphakathi kwamanzi. I-metanephridium eqhelekileyo idibaniswa ngenye yeziphelo zayo kwi-pericardial cavity.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphumla kuqhotyoshelwe ngaphandle ngokusebenzisa "nephridiopore". Esisingxobo esingaboniyo esikhupha inkunkuma ngento ebizwa ngokuba yi "excretory pores", entywiliselwe kumngxuma wengubo.

Inkqubo yovalo

Ngokuphathelele inkqubo yakhe yemithambo-luvo, i i-octopus Ine-500 yezigidi ze-neurons. Esi sixa sinokuthelekiswa, umzekelo, kunye nalabo abakhoyo kwinja, eziyi-530 yezigidi ze-neurons. Kwakhona kunye nezo zifunyenwe kwikati, ezidibanisa ukuya kwi-250 yezigidi ze-neurons. Ngoko kukho ngokwaneleyo ngokwaneleyo i-octopus.

Apho, isibini kwisithathu sezi zifunyanwa ebuchotsheni, ngelixa inxalenye eseleyo isenza isiseko seentente ezisibhozo. Oku kuthetha ukuba intente nganye inophuhliso oluzimeleyo.

Iimvakalelo

Oku kunendlela ebalaseleyo yombono, ophuhliswe kakhulu, kangangokuba bayakwazi ukwahlula imifanekiso nemibala. Oku kungenxa ye-lens, apho inokuthi ilungelelanise ukungena kokukhanya nge-iris enayo. Ngenxa yokuba bezizithulu ngokupheleleyo, abakwazi kulisebenzisa ilizwi labo.

Kwiintente zayo, i-suckers isebenza ukuva yonke imvakalelo kwaye ibambelele, oko kukuthi, yenza imvakalelo yayo yokuchukumisa, kunye neyokungcamla. Kuba ngezi zinto, iyazi ukuba ukutya kukuthanda okanye hayi, ngokubona incasa yayo, enkosi kwii-chemoreceptors ezikuyo.

Isivamvo sayo sokujoja sisekupheleni kweentente zayo, ezizizivamvo ezithi ngazo zibambe onke amavumba. Kokubini ekutyeni kwayo nakwizilwanyana ezizingelayo, ngaloo ndlela ukwazi, ngokufumana intanda, ukuba ingaba ingazifihla na ngokuzisa intente kufutshane kwaye ithathe ivumba.

ingxowa ye-inki

Kulo Ukuhlelwa kwezilwanyana ngokwe-taxonomic, ngokukodwa kulowo owenziwe ekuqaleni kweli nqaku, ukukhankanywa kwenziwa kwi-suborder ye-octopus. Apho kuthiwa enye yezi zibini ziyenzayo yi "cirrinos", ke, yiyo kuphela engenanto yengxowa ye-inki. Ezaliswe yincindi eveliswa lidlala le-inki elifumaneka ngaphantsi kwedlala lokwetyisa.

Eli dlala le-inki liyafana nele-rectal, eliba lidlala le-inki emva kokuba lilungisiwe. Ngaloo ndlela, le ndawo apho i-inki igcinwe khona isondele kwi-siphon. Ngoko xa ephosa umjelo wamanzi ecaleni kwe-inki, uxubana ngendlela yokuba abe njengelifu elimngqongileyo. Esona sidali-bala saso sibizwa ngokuba yimelanin, nto leyo esenza sibe nombala omnyama.

Umjikelo woBomi weOctopus

Umjikelo wobomi be iingwane yenziwe ngokuzala kunye nexesha ekulindeleke ukuba liphile, apho kufuneka:

Ukuveliswa kwakhona

Ezi zilwanyana ze-octopod zinokuzala okupheleleyo ngokwesondo, apho indoda izisa ilungu layo lokuzala kwibhinqa. Eyona nto ibonwa njengentente yesithathu yasekunene. Oku kubizwa ngokwesayensi "hectocotylus". Ukukwazi ukugqobhoza imazi ngecloaca uninzi lwe spermatophores oluya kumchumisa.

Nje ukuba isenzo sigqityiwe, imazi iya emqolombeni wayo apho ibeka khona ukuya kuthi ga kumaqanda angama-150.000 (abonwa njengamaqela) eluphahleni lomqolomba. Emva kwexesha elijikelezayo malunga neentsuku ezingama-30, ziya kuqandusela kwaye amantshontsho azo azalwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo unina wengwane uya kufa yindlala kuba uyanyamezela de azibone ziqandusela ngaphandle kokusuka emqolombeni. Ibakhusela kuphela kwaye i-oxygen indalo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-octopus i-semelparous, oku kuthetha ukuba zenza kuphela isiganeko sokuzala ngexesha lokuphila kwabo.

Izinto ozilindile emhlabane

Olu hlobo lwezilwanyana zaselwandle ezingenamqolo zinobomi obufutshane obulindelekileyo. Oko ngokohlobo lusuka kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu. Apho inkunzi ikwaziyo ukuhlala kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuqhamisa imazi. Ngelixa imazi, emva kwesenzo sokwabelana ngesondo, isifa ngelo xesha incinci yayo izalwa. Okumalunga nenyanga kamva.

IOctopus, Predator kunye nexhoba

Kanye njengokuba i-octopus Sisilwanyana saselwandle esigqwesileyo, siselixhoba lezilwanyana ezinjengeeel, imoray eels kunye nookrebe. Ke ngoko, kufuneka asebenzise bonke ubukrelekrele bakhe, ubuchule kunye namaqhinga, ukuphuma ebusweni bezi ntshaba.

Nangona kunjalo, abanye baba kukutya kwabo, emva kokuba babe lirhamncwa. Ukuba ngobukrelekrele bayo obunokubakho kunye nobumnandi ibambe izilwanyana ezikhulu ezifana otters, dolphin okanye seal, de bazitye ngokupheleleyo.

Iimfuno zeOctopus

Phakathi kwezona zinto zibalaseleyo ezinomdla kukuba:

• Babona ivumba ngokusebenzisa izinzwa ezisekupheleni kweentente zabo.
• Zonke iintlobo zayo zinetyhefu.
• Baneentliziyo ezintathu.
• Iingqondo ezisithoba zilawula ubomi bakho kunye nezenzo zakho.
• Zi-oviparous kwaye imazi izalela malunga nama-150.000 amaqanda.
• Zinomlomo oneempondo.
• Yeyona ikrelekrele kwizilwanyana ezingenamqolo.
• Igazi lakhe libhulowu.
• Bangakwazi ukuhamba, kunye nokubamba nantoni na kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo bayaqubha.
• Ukuba bhetyebhetye kwabo kubavumela ukuba baye naphi na.

• Iintente zayo zinokuphinda zikhule.
• Bane-neurons emalunga ne-500 yezigidi.
• Bafumana kuphela isiganeko esinye sokuzala ngexesha lobomi babo kwaye ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba befile.
• Eyona nto uyikhuselayo kukuzifihla.
• Ungumxelisi omkhulu.
• Ihlala kuzo zonke iilwandle zehlabathi.

Ukutya kweOctopus

Phakathi kweempawu zayo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ezi octopods Izilwanyana ezinomdla, oko kukuthi, ukutya kwabo kusekelwe kwintlanzi, i-crustaceans (i-lobster, i-crabs, i-shrimp), i-molluscs (i-mussels, i-cockles, i-clams) kunye ne-seaweed.

Nangona kunjalo, banayo nendawo yokutya oko kwenzeka kubo xa bengayifumani loo nto bayifunayo. Indlela ezilidla ngayo ixhoba lazo kukulikrazula, ngamandla emihlathi yazo enamandla, ngokusebenzisa imilomo yazo enophondo. Apho ukuphumeza oku, ngaphambili wamshiya engakwazi ukuhamba ngokutofa ityhefu yakhe ngamathe akhe.

I-Octopus kwi-Gastronomic Art

I-Gastronomically, ithathwa njengento emnandi yokwenyani, egqibeleleyo kuphela kwabo banako ngokwenene ukuyipheka. Ngelixa kwabanye ukupheka kwayo kulula, kwabanye kuliphupha elibi. Kuba ukusuka komnye umzuzu ukuya komnye, inyama yayo iba lukhuni kwaye ithanda ukuhlafuna kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuyihlafuna.

Kucetyiswa ukuba icocwe phantsi kwempompo phambi kokuyipheka kwaye imbiza eza kusetyenziswa ibe nkulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba inyama yayo ityebileyo kwi-selenium, i-magnesium, isinyithi, i-potassium, i-phosphorus kunye ne-vitamin B. Kanye nale nto, inzuzo yokuba kukutya okuphantsi kweekhalori, okunesondlo kakhulu, okumnandi kwaye kufunwa ngabaninzi.