Iipropati ze-quercetin kwintlalontle yakho

I-Quercetin (3,3,4,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) yenye ye-metabolites yesibini ekhoyo ngokubanzi kwizityalo. I-quercetin ye-flavonoid yi-polyphenol yenziwe ngamakhonkco amathathu e-benzene kunye namaqela amahlanu e-hydroxyl.

I-Quercetin yaqala yodwa kwaye yamkelwa nguSzent-Gyorgyi ngonyaka we-1936. I-chemical formula ye-quercetin yi-C15H10O7. Isakhiwo sinombilini we-flavonic owenziwe ngamakhonkco amabini e-benzene kwaye idibaniswe yi-heterocyclic pyronic ring; yi aglycone

Le flavonoid iyaziwa ineempawu ze-antioxidant kwaye inomsebenzi wokukhusela ekugugeni. Nangona i-aglycone kwaye ayibandakanyi i-carbohydrates moieties, ifumaneka kwindalo kwi-free and conjugated state. Ngokomzekelo, ifumaneka ngendlela ye-glycoside ekutyeni. Emva kokungena, i-glycoside i-hydrolyzed ukukhulula i-aglycone, exutywe kunye ne-metabolized kwezinye iifom ze-glucuronidated, sulfated, kunye ne-methylated.

Iipropati iimpawu ze-physicochemical

Igama elithi "quercetum" ligama lesiLatini elithi quercetin ithetha ikhompawundi yombala omthubi. Le khompawundi yikristale ekrakra ikhompawundi. Kulula ukunyibilika kwi-lipid kunye notywala, ayinyibiliki emanzini abandayo, kwaye ayinyibiliki kakuhle emanzini ashushu.

Kwindalo iveliswa ikakhulu kwindlela ye-phenylpropanoid, ene-amino acid phenylalanine njenge-precursor yayo. Amanyathelo okuqala abandakanya ukuhlanganiswa kwe-cinnamic acid nge-phenylalanine. I-Phenylalanine ammonia lyase idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni impendulo. I-Quercetin inamandla okunikela ngeeathom zayo ze-hydrogen kwaye imise umsebenzi weentlobo ze-oksijini ezisebenzayo. Isebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo kunye neendlela zokubonisa i-intracellular ezijongene nomsebenzi we-antioxidant. Uninzi lwezifundo ze-vivo zibonisa ukuba i-quercetin inamandla okuthintela i-xanthine oxidase ngokunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-radical yasimahla kwaye ke ithathwa njenge-antioxidant enokubakho. Ngapha koko, iipolyphenols ezinje ngequercetin sele zisaziwa ngendima yazo khusela iseli kuxinzelelo lwe-oxidative.

Ukongeza, i-quercetin i-lipophilic kwindalo, ngoko inqumla ngokulula umqobo wegazi-ingqondo kwaye inomsebenzi we-neuroprotective. Idlala indima ekhuselayo kwi-neurodegeneration. Imolekyuli yaziwa ngokuthoba amanqanaba eswekile yegazi kwaye igcine ukusebenza kweeseli ze-β kwiimpuku zeswekile kunye neempuku. Ibonisa impembelelo entle kunyango kunye ukuthintela isifo seswekile. Izifundo ezininzi ze-in vitro kunye ne-vivo zibonise ukuba i-quercetin inakho umsebenzi wokulwa nomhlaza kwaye ingasetyenziswa njengechiza elithembekileyo kunyango lomhlaza. I-Quercetin inendima ebalulekileyo ekufuneka idlale njengemolekyuli echasayo.

Ungayifumana phi ekutyeni

Iintsapho zezityalo ziyathanda Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Passifloraceae kunye neRhamnaceae Zizityebi kumxholo we-quercetin. I-Quercetin ixhaphake kakhulu kwixabiso elikhulu kwiziqhamo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemifuno, kuquka ii-apula, amajikijolo, i-cherry, i-lettuce ebomvu, i-anyanisi, i-asparagus kunye nemiyinge emincinci kwi iipepile, ibroccoli, iiertyisi kunye neetumato. Ikwaziwa nokuba ikhona kwiziqhamo ze citrus, imbewu kunye namandongomane, kunye nediliya ebomvu. Itswele linesona sixa siphezulu sequercetin. I-Quercetin yaziwa ngokuba ikhona kwimifuno efana nedile, ezinye iindidi zeti, kunye newayini. Kwizityalo ikhona nakwi I-Gingko, i-American elderberry kunye ne-Hypericum. Ifomu ye-glycoside ye-quercetin ibandakanya i-hyperoside, i-rutin, kunye ne-isoquercetrin. I-Glycosidases inoxanduva lokuphula izibophelelo ze-glycosidic emva kokuthatha ngomlomo.

I-pharmacokinetics ye-quercetin

Emva kokungeniswa, i-quercetin inokudibanisa kunye neeprotheni ezinamathe ukwenza i-protein-quercetin e-soluble binary aggregates. Ekufikeleleni emathunjini amancinci, i-quercetin i-deglycosylated yi-lactate phlorizin hydrolase. I-Quercetin inokufunxwa kwiiseli ze-epithelial ngokusasazeka kuxhomekeke kwi-lipophilicity. Ngaphambi kokungena kwinkqubo yokujikeleza, ininzi ye-quercetin iguqulwa ibe yi-metabolites edibeneyo. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonisa ukuba i-intestinal microbiota ithatha inxaxheba ekuveliseni i-glycosidases kunye ne-enzymes eziguqula i-quercetin kwiimolekyuli ezifunxa ngokulula.

Phantse i-60% ukuya kwi-81% ye-quercetin ithunyelwa esibindi nge-epithelium, apho i-metabolized kwaye iguqulelwa kwifomu ye-bioavailable. Ininzi ye-quercetin kunye ne-metabolites yayo ikhutshwe ngamathumbu, kodwa ixabiso elincinci likhutshwe yizintso kumchamo. Ukususwa kwe-quercetin emzimbeni kukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye kukholelwa ukuba inesiqingatha sobomi obufutshane begazi.

Ngezantsi ndichaza iipropathi ezahlukeneyo zequercetin kunye nendlela yokusebenza kwayo:

Iipropati kunye neendlela zokusebenza

• iipropathi ezichasene nokuvuvukala: kwandisa ukubonakaliswa kweeseli ze-IFN-γ (nge-IFN sithetha i-interferon) kunye nokunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwe-cell positive ye-IL-4 (nge-IL sithetha i-interleukin);
• iipropathi ezichasene nomhlaza: yenza iindlela zangaphandle kunye nezangaphakathi ze-apoptosis, i-autophagy, kwaye ibambe umjikelo weseli;
• antioxidants: ilawula izinga le-GSH (i-GSH imele i-glutathione); inciphisa izinga le-MDA (i-MDA imele i-malondialdehyde, enye yeemveliso zokugqibela ze-polyunsaturated fatty peroxidation kwiiseli) kwaye iphakamisa umsebenzi we-SOD (SOD= superoxide dismutase). I-Quercetin yi-scavenger yamahhala;
• antihypertensive: kunciphisa ubunzima be-hypertension ngokunciphisa amanqanaba e-nitric oxide, i-TNF-α (i-TNF imele i-tumor necrosis factor), kunye ne-IL-6;
• elwa nesifo seswekile: I-Quercetin inciphisa ukuxinwa kwamanqanaba e-glucose yegazi, igcina umsebenzi we-islet cell, inani leeseli ze-β kwiigundane zesifo sikashukela.
• i-neurodegenerative: Inciphisa umonakalo we-neuronal oxidative kunye neuroinflammation kwaye ibonisa i-antidementia kunye nemiphumo ye-neuroprotective.

Iipropathi ze-Antioxidant

Ngenxa yeqela le-phenolic hydroxyl kunye nobukho be-double bond, i-quercetin inemisebenzi enokuthi ibe ne-antioxidant. Iimpawu ze-antioxidant ze-quercetin zidibene ukuthintela kunye nokunyangwa komhlaza kunye nesifo senhliziyo. Iqela le-hydroxyl kwisakhiwo se-quercetin lisebenza njenge-scavenger yamahhala. Iqela le-molecule ye-hydroxyl yenza i-radicals yamahhala ngokunikezela nge-hydrogen esebenzayo ngelixa ikhusela i-oxidation ye-unsaturated fatty acids.

Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo sekhemikhali, i-quercetin inamandla okukhupha iiradicals zasimahla ezibandakanya i-hydrogen peroxide, i-superoxide kunye ne-hydroxyl radicals. Iqela le-catechol elikhoyo kwindandatho ye-B kunye neqela le-OH elikhoyo kwindawo ye-3 yendandatho A igalelo kwipropati ye-antioxidant ye-quercetin.

I-Quercetin igcina ibhalansi ye-oxidative kwaye ngoko i-antioxidant enamandla. Ilawula inqanaba leGSH emzimbeni. Akukacaci ukuba i-quercetin ilungisa i-DNA okanye iyayikhusela kumonakalo we-oxidative. Impembelelo ye-antioxidant ye-quercetin-DNA ifunyenwe inkulu kune-quercetin yodwa.

Iipropati ezichasene nokuphazamiseka kwentliziyo

I-Quercetin yi-flavonoid eyaziwayo ukuba, xa ikhona kwi-circulation, iphucula impilo yemithambo kwaye xa ikhona kwi-conjugated form, iyanciphisa ukuvela kokuphazamiseka kwentliziyo. Quercetin kunye nezinye izinto eziphuma kuyo ukuthintela ukujiya kwegazi kunye nokunciphisa ukwenzeka kwemivimbo, ngaphezu kokuba nesenzo se-antioxidant kwaye ngoko sikhusela umzimba kwixinzelelo lwe-oxidative. Kuyaziwa ukuba kuphembelela ukuzinza kunye ne-fluidity ye-lipid bilayer kwaye ichaphazela umsebenzi we-ATP-exhomekeke kwi-protein transporter.

Ikwanazo neziphumo i-antihypertensives kunye ne-vasodilators ezinciphisa imithambo, ebonisa ukuhamba kakuhle. Unyango lwayo lulawula i-glucose yegazi kunye namanqanaba e-lipid ngexesha lokuzila ukutya, kunciphisa inani le-fat deposition kwisibindi, ukunciphisa ubunzima be-renal fibrosis, kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo ye-autophagy exhomekeke kwi-AMPK. Iigundane ezityebileyo xa zondliwa nge-quercetin zibangele ukwehla kobunzima kunye nokunciphisa inqanaba le-plasma triglyceride kunye nenqanaba le-cholesterol kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe iimeko zemetabolism. Iingxelo zibonisa ukuhlanganiswa kwakhona kwee-adipocytes ezimhlophe kwii-adipocytes ezimdaka.

Oku kunendlela yokukhusela kwi-osteoporosis, ukuphazamiseka kwemiphunga kunye nezifo ze-venous.

Isenzo esichasene nezifo ezizimelayo

I-Quercetin kuthiwa iyasebenza iziphumo ezinamandla ezichasayo, ngokuyininzi ngokuthintela ukuveliswa kwe-cytokine, ukunciphisa i-cyclooxygenase kunye ne-lipoxygenase expression, kunye nokugcinwa kwe-mast cell stability.

Umsebenzi ogqwesileyo we-antioxidant we-quercetin wenziwa ngokuyintloko ngeziphumo zawo kwi umsebenzi weglutathione, i-enzymes, kunye neentlobo ze-oksijeni ezisebenzayo (i-ROS) kunye nokulawula iindlela zokudlulisa umqondiso, ezifana ne-heme-related factor 1 / i-nuclear erythroid oxygenase 2 (Nrf2), i-protein kinase esebenzayo i-mitogen, i-toll-like receptor 4 / phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase kunye ne-adenosine monophosphate i-5'-activated protein kinase.

I-Quercetin inokunciphisa ixabiso eliphezulu lesinyithi, elivimbela i-lipid oxidation kunye nokucima i-ROS, inceda ukucinezela ukudumba nokuthintela izifo ezinxulumeneyo. Kalantari et al. ingxelo yokuba i-quercetin inciphise kakhulu umonakalo wesibindi kwiimpuku ngokucinezela i-radicals yasimahla kunye nokunyusa amanqanaba e-antioxidant enzymes, kubandakanya i-glutathione peroxidase, i-superoxide dismutase, kunye ne-catalase. Ekugqibeleni, i-quercetin iye yaxelwa ukuba ineempembelelo ze-neuroprotective kunye nomsebenzi we-antitumor.

Iipropati kwi-syndrome ye-metabolic

I-Metabolic syndrome (i-MetS) yinkimbinkimbi yezifo ezikhokelela ekufeni ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kweengxaki zentliziyo. I-Quercetin, njenge-flavonoid ebalulekileyo, inayo Iipropati ezahlukeneyo, ezinjengokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, i-antihyperlipidemia, i-antihyperglycemia, i-antioxidant, i-antiviral, i-anti-cancer, i-anti-inflammatory, i-antimicrobial, i-neuroprotective, kunye ne-cardioprotective.. Kweli nqaku lophononongo (LAPHA), amanqaku asekuqaleni aqokelelwa kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, kuquka i-Google Scholar, i-Medline, i-Scopus, kunye ne-Pubmed, ehambelana nomphumo we-quercetin ekuphuculeni iimpawu ze-MetS, kubandakanywa i-glucose ephakamileyo, i-hyperlipidemia, ukukhuluphala, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ngokusekelwe kule datha, i-quercetin inokuphinda idlale indima kunyango lweengxaki ze-metabolic ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezininzi, ezifana nokunyuka kwe-adiponectin, ukunciphisa i-leptin, umsebenzi we-antioxidant, ukunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-insulin, ukwanda kwinqanaba le-insulin kunye nokuvalwa kweziteshi ze-calcium.

Kufuneka ithathwe nini kwaye njani?

Uyithatha nini iQuercetin? kwiimeko ze:

• Hypoimmunity.
• Usulelo lwentsholongwane yentsholongwane yexesha elithile.
• Umkhuhlane
• Isinusitis.
• Iiradicals zasimahla.
• I-capillary ebuthathaka.

I-Synergistic Partnerships: Kutheni Kungcono

Isenzo esiluncedo sequercetin sinokwandiswa:

Iivithamini C kunye noD

Ukudibana kunye ne-vitamin C kubonakala ngathi yongeza i Quercetin bioavailability, ukuphazamisa ukungena, ukuphindaphinda kunye nomsebenzi we-enzymatic wentsholongwane kwaye ngexesha elifanayo lixhasa kunye nokuqinisa impendulo yokuzivikela. Ulawulo oludibeneyo lwe-Quercetin kunye ne-vitamin C sisicwangciso sovavanyo lokuthintela kunye nokunyangwa kweentsholongwane ezahlukeneyo zokuphefumula. I-Vitamin D iluncedo kakhulu kuthintelo kunye nonyango losulelo lwendlela yokuphefumla ephezulu, kunye nomkhuhlane wesintu.. Siyazi ukuba iyakwazi ukuxhasa amajoni omzimba kwaye ke iwenza asebenze ngakumbi ngokuchasene nentsholongwane. Ukongeza, kubonakala ngathi i-quercetin iyakwazi ukwenza i-receptor ye-vitamin D isebenze, yiyo loo nto idibanisa.

Zinc kunye ne-bromelain

I-Zinc inokudiliza ukuvuvukala kunye nokunciphisa ukudibanisa phakathi kwentsholongwane kunye ne-receptor yayo; kwakhona kunciphisa ukuphindaphinda kwentsholongwane. Kodwa kuyo, I-zinc idinga i-ionophores evumela ukungena okukhulu kwiiseli: i-quercetin yi-zinc ionophore.. Ke lo mbutho uvumela iZinc ukuba iphucule isenzo sayo se-antiviral. Uphononongo lukwabonisa ukuba i-quercetin incedisana ne-bromelain kuba yomeleza umsebenzi ochasayo ngokunyusa imveliso ye-prostaglandin. Zidibene, zisisixhobo esiyimfuneko sokuxhasa amajoni omzimba.