Fumanisa Kutheni iiDinosaurs Ziphela?

IiDinosaurs zizilwanyana umntu angazange azibone ngobuqu, ukutshatyalaliswa kwazo kuqale emva kweminyaka emininzi, kwaneminyaka apho ukuvela komntu kungazange kwenzeke. kwakutheni ukuze iidinosaur ziphele, akuqinisekanga emntwini njengezinye iingcamango ezininzi. Siyakumema ukuba uqhubeke ufunda ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngezi ngcamango.

ixesha le-mesozoic

Eli xesha libizwa ngokuba lixesha leedinosaurs, lenzeka kwiminyaka engamakhulu amabini anamashumi amathandathu anesithathu eyadlulayo kwaye yahlulahlulwe yangamaxesha amathathu:

• Ukuthintela
• IJurassic
• Triassic

Ixesha leJurassic lelo liphawulwe apho iidinosaur zazikhona. Kwinkqubo nganye yeli xesha, kwavela ingxaki kwaye ekupheleni kwayo nganye bahamba kwinkqubo yokuphela.

Iidinosaurs

Yayizezona zirhubuluzi zinkulu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ezirekhodiweyo ehlabathini, Izilwanyana zasendle ezazikho kwesi sijikelezi-langa neentlobo ngeentlobo, zasemanzini, ezibhabhayo, ezisemhlabeni, ezitya inyama nezitya utyani, ezi zilwanyana zingaqhelekanga zazingaziwa ngabantu, ekubeni zazikho kwizigidi ezininzi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, kude kudala ngaphambi kwendaleko yabantu.

Ubungakanani babo buye baphononongwa ngeefossils ezisafunyanwa kwimivubukulo ye-archaeological namhlanje, nangona kunjalo, kwiimuvi unokubona izilwanyana ezikhulu zoyikwa ngenxa yokukwazi ukuqwenga inyama kunye nayo yonke into esendleleni yazo.

Ngokwe-taxonomy yezilwanyana, zonke iintaka ezikhoyo ngoku kwiplanethi zivela ngokuthe ngqo kwinzala yeedinosaurs, ingcaciso yale nto kukuba ezi zilwanyana azizange ziphele ngokupheleleyo, ezinye zahlala emhlabeni kwaye zavela kwindalo entsha. ihlabathi, ngokuqinisekileyo ezo zingazange zitshabalale yayingezozilwanyana ezidla inyama.

Kufuneka sigxininise ukuba akwaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba zingaphi iindidi zeedinosaur ezikhoyo kuba kwiimuvi sibona kuphela ezona ziqhelekileyo.

Iithiyori zokuphela kweedayinaso

Okwangoku, isayensi ayikasifumani isizathu sokuba iidinosaurs zaphela, ixesha lihlala lididekile, oku kungenxa yokuba iingcamango zabo zisekelwe kwiifosili, amathambo angcwatywa kwiimitha ezininzi ngaphantsi komhlaba wonke. Inzululwazi ithatha ukuba iidinosaur zazikhona kwelinye lawona maxesha amangalisayo emhlabeni, oku kungenxa yokuba ubukhulu bazo zonke izilwanyana zabo babunomtsalane, bubungqina bezi dinosaur.

Uphononongo oluye lwenziwa emathanjeni abo, lubonisa ukuba iidayinaso zahamba emhlabeni kwiminyaka ezigidi ezingamashumi amathandathu anesihlanu eyadlulayo, umntu wayengekho ngeli xesha, abantu ababizwa ngokuba yi-cavemen babonakala behamba emhlabeni kwelinye lamaxesha amathathu e-mesozoic. era, ixesha cretaceous.

Ke kunokuthiwa iidinosaurs zazikho eMhlabeni kwaye zaphela, kanye njengoko zibonile kwiimuvi, i-meteorite eyonakalisayo iwela emhlabeni, ibangela ukuba zonke iintaba-mlilo zisebenze, zinika indlela yokufa kwazo zonke iidayinaso zomhlaba , ezinye zilawulwa. ukuze sisinde, izizathu azicacanga, kodwa iidayinaso eziphaphazelayo kunye nezasemanzini xa i-meteorite yawa yakwazi ukusindiswa kunye nezinye ezisemhlabeni.

Iithiyori zokuba kutheni iidinosaurs zaphela ziliqela, nganye inesiphelo esifanayo, ukufa kwezi zilwanyana zimangalisayo, ezi thiyori zezi:

• imeteorite okanye asteroid
• Umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo
• Utshintsho lwemozulu

Siza kucacisa ithiyori nganye ekhutshwe yinzululwazi Indlela iidinosaur ezaphela ngayo.

ithiyori zemeteor

Kwiminyaka engamashumi amane eyadlulayo, inzululwazi yabonisa ithiyori yemeteorite, equlathe i-asteroid esuka kwisithuba esichaphazela uMhlaba, ubungakanani boku, ngokobungqina obufunyenweyo apho kucingelwa ukuba buchaphazeleke khona, buziikhilomitha ezilishumi elinambini ububanzi, njengoko unokuyiqonda iasteroid. ukusuka kobu bukhulu bunamandla okutshabalalisa ukuya kuthi ga kalishumi ubukhulu bayo, oko kukuthi, ikhulu elinamashumi amabini eekhilomitha ububanzi bentshabalalo enkulu, singawabali amasuntswana aya kuba kuko xa idlula kwiatmosfera yesijikelezi-langa.

Ukuba iqhekeza ngalinye elahlulwe kwiasteroid lilinganisa ubuncinane ikhilomitha enye ngobukhulu bayo, lalinamandla okutshabalalisa ubuncinane iikhilomitha ezilishumi liyijikelezile xa lifika emhlabeni, ngenxa yeso sizathu kuthiwa iidayinaso ezisemhlabeni ziyanyamalala. ngeli xesha, babengenakubaleka ukufa kwe meteorite.

I<em>meteorite yayiyilwe yimichiza eyingozi kuyo nayiphi na into ephilayo, ngoko iidinosaur ezingazange ziphele kuloo ngozi zatshatyalaliswa kukusasazeka kwale michiza iyingozi. Ngokwezifundo ezenziwa kwi-asteroid eyawa eMexico, bayaqinisekisa ukuba yenziwe ngekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-iridium, le khemikhali ineempawu zetyhefu ebulalayo enokuthi isebenze ngendlela engena kwinkqubo yokuphila. inokuba ngokuphefumla okanye ngokudibana ngokwasemzimbeni.

Emva koko, le khemikhali yangcolisa amanzi apho iidinosaur zasemanzini zazihlala kunye nezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana zaselwandle kwaye kucingelwa ukuba oku kubangele ukutshatyalaliswa kwezi dinosaurs, ngoko kunokuthiwa ukuba imichiza eyenziwa ngayo i-asteroid ibe nefuthe elingakumbi. ngaphezu kwe asteroid efanayo.

Ezi zifundo zenziwa eMexico kwilizwe laseYucatan, kukho ubungqina bokuphahlazeka kwe-asteroid enkulu, eyaphelisa ubomi beentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ezibandakanya iidinosaurs. I Iintlobo zeeDinosaurs engazange iphele yavela ukuze yamkelwe kula maxesha alandelayo oMhlaba.

Ngoko ke kunokuthiwa intlekele enjalo yenzeka eMexico kwaye iigesi ezikhutshwa yikhemikhali eyenza i-asteroid yasasazeka emhlabeni wonke kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu yasasazeka kwamanye amazwekazi, nangona uMhlaba ungazange usasazwe njengoko unjalo. okwangoku, iyafana ukuba ineenxalenye zomhlaba ezahlulwe ngamanzi.

Iimpendulo ezivela ekufeni kweedinosaurs, zazihambela phambili ngokukhawuleza, masikhumbule ukuba sonke sinenjongo yobomi kwaye kwizilwanyana kubizwa ngokuba ngumjikelo wobomi, zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana zixhomekeke omnye komnye ukuze ziphile, emva koko iimpendulo ezivuselelweyo. zazi:

1. Impembelelo eyatshabalalisa uninzi lwezilwanyana ezazikho emhlabeni, kuquka iidinosaur.
2. Xa i-asteroid yangqubana nomhlaba, i-asteroid yavelisa amaza othusayo, awathi avelisa inyikima eyomeleleyo eyaphela ibangela ugqabhuko-dubulo lweentaba-mlilo neetsunami ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili, nto leyo eyathi yaphelisa ubomi obuncinane obusele emhlabeni.
3. Lo mchiza wagqiba ekubeni ubulale iintlobo ezinokuthi zisindiswe, njengeentaka, ezazisindisiwe kuyo yonke intlekele ethwaxa iidinosaur zasemhlabeni kunye nezasemanzini.
4. Ngenxa yazo zonke izinto zendalo ezazisenzeka ngelo xesha, uMhlaba wavelisa ubushushu obufana nobushushu belanga, ubushushu babunjalo kangangokuba banyamalala kwanezityalo ezazinokusindiswa.
5. Eminye imikhwa eyenzeka kwiatmosfera yomhlaba ngenxa yayo yonke into eyenzekayo yenza ukuba umhlaba ube yindawo ekungahlalwa kuyo, apho ezi ntlobo zafela khona ngenxa yokungcoliseka kwemekobume eyayinakho.
6. Ezinye iincinci eziqinileyo zenziwa esibhakabhakeni seplanethi, okwenza kube nzima ukuba imitha yelanga ingene kuyo, kwaye emva koko, ubomi beplanethi bafa, kwanemithi yabandezeleka ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yokuba i-photosynthesis ayizange iphumelele. Thatha indawo.
7. Izilwanyana zasebusuku zabandezeleka ngenxa yokungakwazi ukubona kuba ngelo xesha yonke into yayimnyama.
8. Iqondo lobushushu lehla laya kutsho kwishumi ngokukaCelsius, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kubekho ixesha lomkhenkce.
9. Emva kweminyaka embalwa, izilwanyana ezazikuqhela ukuphila kwixesha lomkhenkce zafumana ithuba elitsha lokuphela, oku kwakubangelwa kukuba umaleko owawugqume isibhakabhaka waqhekeka yaza imitha yelanga yangena emhlabeni, yanyibilika ngale ndlela umkhenkce. owaveliswa ngoxa umhlaba wawusebumnyameni.

ithiyori yokugqabhuka kwentaba-mlilo

Le yenye yeethiyori ezamkelwa kakhulu yinzululwazi kwaye kukuba ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo lwazicima iidinosaurs ngendlela epheleleyo. Ngokungafaniyo nengcamango ye<em>meteorite eyenzeka eMexico, le kucingelwa ukuba yayikwindawo ethile yaseIndiya, apho udaka lwentaba-mlilo lwalugubungela inxalenye enkulu yalo mmandla.

Olu gqabhuko-dubulo lwabulala izilwanyana ezininzi zasemhlabeni kwaye lwatshintsha ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yendalo yaselwandle, ngexesha logqabhuko-dubulo, iidinosaur zazifa ngenxa yetyhefu eyayisasazeke emoyeni, uthuthu lwagubungela iilwandle yaye ngaloo ndlela lubulala izilwanyana ezininzi zaselwandle.

Ngokwenzululwazi, oku kubangele ukuba izilwanyana ezininzi zitshabalale kuquka iidinosaur, ezinye zazo zabulawa yindlala kuphela, ngelixa ezinye zabulawa yityhefu. Ioksijini yayinokuthi iphele ngenxa yothuthu oluye lwabangela ukufa kwezinye iintlobo ezininzi, zimbalwa iindidi eziye zasinda kweli xesha kwaye zaguquka zaba zizilwanyana ezincinci.

ithiyori yokutshintsha kwemozulu

Ngokutsho kweengcali Ukuphela kweedayinaso zaveliswa ziinguqu ezithile zemozulu ezenzeka ngexesha lazo, iziganeko zendalo ezinjengeenyikima, amaza olwandle neentlekele, zabangela ukuphela kwee<em>dinosaur nezigidi zezinye iindidi kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Oku kwakubangelwa kukwehla kobushushu kwisijikelezi-langa.

Ngenxa yoku, inqanaba lamanzi lalihla, lizisa imbalela kwaye izilwanyana ezininzi zazingakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nayo yonke into eyenzekayo.

Ngokuqinisekileyo sinokuthi oko kwenzeka ngokwenene kukuba naziphi na iithiyori ezintathu zokuba kutheni iidinosaur zaphela, zonke ziphela ngokubandezeleka kohlanga lwezilwanyana, ekwakufuneka zidlule kwintlungu yokutshiswa okanye yokurhaxwa.

Kutheni iidinosaur zaphela: ingcaciso yabantwana

Abanye abantwana xa besebancinci njengeefilimu zedinosaur kwaye esi silwanyana sinomdla kakhulu kubo, baqala ukubuza abazali babo imibuzo malunga nokuba kutheni iidinosaurs zaphela kwaye ukuba ngenye imini esi silwanyana siya kubuyela ebomini njengoko sinokubona kwiimuvi kwaye ezinye ziphelile. nokuba zincinane kangangokuba bacinga ukuba ezo bazibona kwimifanekiso eshukumayo zezokwenene yaye banokuza bazitye ekhaya.

Kubalulekile ukuba ukucacisa le meko musa ukudala trauma kubomi bomntwana, chaza ngendlela enempilo kwaye funniest kunokwenzeka ukuba kutheni iidinosaurs zaphela, enye yeenkcazo ezichanekileyo kukuba:

Imeteorite enkulu yangqubana nesijikelezi-langa esinguMhlaba ngaloo ndlela yaphelisa ubomi bezinto ezininzi eziphilayo kungekuphela nje iidinosaur nokuba ii<em>dinosaur ezinokubonwa kwimiboniso bhanyabhanya ziirobhothi okanye iziphumo ezinyakazayo ze<em>cinema ukuze abantu bakholelwe ukuba ziyinyani kodwa inyaniso yeyokuba. ukuba akufani nokuba iidayinaso azikho kwizigidi ezininzi zeminyaka.

Nangona le yeyona ndlela yokucacisa, bayakwazi nokuxelela abancinci ukuba bajonge ezincwadini okanye kwi-intanethi, oku akunzima kubo kuba xa bekwiminyaka ethile banokuqonda izinto ezininzi kwaye bazenzele ngokwabo uphando. Kwangaxeshanye unokuchaza enye yeethiyori ezintathu zokuba kutheni iidinosaurs zaphela, yenze ngendlela elula, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ithiyori yemeteorite ebesiyicacisile ngaphambili ngendlela echuliweyo ukuze abantwana baqonde ukuba imeteorite inokuphelisa njani yonke into.
• Ithiyori yokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, banokubeka abantwana ukuba babukele ii-documentaries malunga nentshabalalo eyenziwe yi-lava kunye nothuthu olugxothwe ziintaba-mlilo, intshabalalo enjalo inokubulala abantu bonke ingeyiyo yezilwanyana kuphela, inokuba yingozi kwimpilo yabantu.

Le nkcazo-bungcali inobungqina kwifilimu yokugqibela abayenzayo malunga needinosaurs apho intaba-mlilo iqhuma kwisiqithi kwaye iidinosaur ezikuyo ziyafa, kungekhona nje ukutshiswa, ukuphelelwa lithemba kubenza baxhume emanzini kwaye babe zizilwanyana zasemhlabeni abakwaziyo ukuqubha kunye. bayarhaxwa.

• Ithiyori yokutshintsha kwemozulu inzima ngakumbi ukucacisela abantwana, nangona kunjalo, banokuyichaza ngale ndlela ilandelayo, njengokuba abantu bengakwazi ukumelana nokubanda, iidinosaurs zizilwanyana ezinobushushu, ukubanda kuyingozi kubo. Ngokutsho kwenzululwazi, ii<em>dinosaur yayizizilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo ezazingakwazi ukumelana nengqele, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba inxalenye enkulu yazo iphele xa iqondo lobushushu emhlabeni liyehla kwaza kwaqalisa ixesha lomkhenkce.

Izilwanyana ezasindayo ekutshayeleni kweedinosaurs

Ezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo zasinda xa iidinosaur zaphelayo, zathi zakunyamalala ezi zilwanyana zinkulu zaye zayeka ukuvela kwezinye izidalwa nezinye. Iintlobo zezilwanyana apho baya kuqalisa ukuvela, le nguqulelo yazisa njengesiphumo izilwanyana ezinkulu ezanyisayo ezifana nendlovu.

Ngelo xesha, isilwanyana esasifana nendlovu eyayiphila kwixesha langaphambili yayiyimammoth, esinye sezilwanyana ezasindayo ekutshatyalalisweni kwee<em>dinosaur, kumele kucace ukuba zonke ezi ngcamango ngesizathu sokuba ii<em>dinosaur zatshatyalaliswa zizo zazitshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo. yonakalisa yonke into esendleleni yazo kwaye izilwanyana ezanyisayo zaba nethamsanqa lokusinda kwezi ziganeko zendalo.

Isizathu sokusindiswa kwabo yayikukuba ezi zilwanyana zanyisayo zizikhusele kwiidinosaur ezidla inyama, zazifihla emiqolombeni, le miqolomba yakwazi ukukhusela zonke izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezazihlala kuyo ezazingakhathazwa nakweyiphi na kwiithiyori ezintathu zokuphela kwezilwanyana. iidinosaurs, oko kukuthi, kucacile ukuba kutheni iidinosaur zaphela, ukuba yonke into inesiqalo kwaye yonke into inesiphelo, sonke sinesizathu sokuba, ngokucacileyo iidinosaurs ziye zafikelela kuvuthondaba ngesizathu sobukho bazo.

Ngaphandle koku, izilwanyana ezincancisayo ziphila ngenxa yokuba ezinye zazo zikwazi ukusinda kunye nezinambuzane kunye nezityalo zasemanzini kuphela kwaye oku akuzange kuchaphazeleke kuyo nayiphi na ithiyori zintathu, umzekelo, iingwenya yayiyenye yeentlobo ezisindayo ekuphelisweni kwezilwanyana. iidinosaurs kwaye wavela ukuze aziqhelanise nehlabathi elitsha apho wayeza kuba lixhoba eliphezulu.

Ithiyori entsha yokuba kutheni iidinosaur zaphela

Malunga neminyaka engamashumi amathathu eyadlulayo kwavela ingcamango entsha yokuba kutheni iidayinaso zaphela, olunye uhlolisiso lwabonisa ukuba kwiminyaka ezigidi ezingamashumi amathandathu anesithandathu eyadlulayo, ii<em>dinosaur zaphela, i<em>asteroid eyantlitha umhlaba yayinamandla okutshabalalisa oko ikutshabalalisayo iibhombu zeathom ezizizigidi ezilishumi. , noko ke, ezinye izazinzulu zithi iasteroid eyantlitha umhlaba apho iidinosaur ekucingelwa ukuba zatshabalala kuyo yayikwizigidi ezininzi zeminyaka ngaphambi kokuphela kwezi zilwanyana.

Uphando lubonise ukuba ii-asteroids eziphuma ngokuthe ngqo emajukujukwini zenziwe kuphela ngesalfure kunye nekharbon diokside, kwa ezo zikhutshwa ziintaba-mlilo xa zigqabhuka, oku kuthetha ukuba nangona zizigesi ezibulalayo, azinampembelelo enkulu kubomi bezidalwa. ephila.

Oku kuthetha ukuba ngexesha apho iidinosaurs zazihlala, isulfure yayisebenza njengesixhobo sokuqhuba ukuze ezinye iintaba-mlilo zisebenze kwaye yonke into yadibana, oko kukuthi, iithiyori ezintathu zinokuba yinyani, nangona kunjalo, basebenza kunye ukutshabalalisa ixesha iidinosaurs, oku kuthetha ukuba ngeli xesha kwakukho iinyikima ezininzi, iinyikima, ezazineziganeko zentaba-mlilo ezisebenza kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ngokuqinisekileyo akwaziwa apho i-asteroid ingqubane khona, nokuba yayingakanani na kuba kungekho bungqina bokuba isemhlabeni, ubungqina be-asteroids bu, ii-asteroids ezincinci zeemilimitha okanye iisentimitha ubukhulu becala kwaye oku kuye kwatsala loo chemistry yefosili ichane ngakumbi. .

Uninzi lwezazinzulu ziye zafunda amaxesha ahlukeneyo omhlaba kwaye okwangoku azikabinayo ithiyori echanekileyo malunga nokuba kwenzeka ntoni xa iidayinaso zathi zabhanga, nangona kunjalo, uphando oluninzi lubonisa ukuba ezi thiyori zintathu zadibana njengoko besichazile. uphando luyaqhubeka kwaye ezinye zezi nzululwazi kunye neengcali zepaleontologists zifunda iingcamango ezahlukeneyo malunga nokuba kutheni iidinosaur zaphela.