Zininzi izinto esizithatha lula kodwa asazi ukuba sizichaza njani. Xa abantwana abancinci bebuza imibuzo yabo eqhelekileyo malunga nehlabathi, banokusibhenca. Ngaba ungabacacisela ukuba kutheni iinqwelomoya zibhabha? Okanye kutheni isibhakabhaka sibukeka siluhlaza? Ngaba ungabaxelela ukuba kutheni izikhephe zidada?
Kule post siza kuphendula eyokugqibela: Kutheni izikhephe zidada? Kule nto kuya kufuneka sithethe malunga nengcali yezibalo uArchimedes waseSirakuse, enye yezona zidumileyo kwimbali. Ukongeza, siza kuthetha kancinci malunga nembali yeenqanawa. Ngoko ukuba unomdla kulo mbandela, ndincoma ukuba uqhubeke ufunda.
Ibali lika-Archimedes waseSirakuse
Namhlanje kukho iinqanawa zothutho kunye ne-transoceanic cruises ezikwaziyo ukukhwela abantu abaninzi kunabo bahlala kwezinye izixeko ezincinci. Kutheni iinqanawa zidada nangona zinobunzima obuninzi? Kutheni bengatshoni nangona bephethe iitoni zentengiso nezinto ezikrwada? Impendulo yale mibuzo yafunyanwa kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo ngenxa ye-Archimedes' Principle.
Le mathematika idumileyo ehlabathini wayehlala kwinkulungwane XNUMX BC. C. Ngelo xesha, ukumkani waseSirakuse wayenguHiero II. Wayalela ukuba amenzele isithsaba ngamaqhekeza ambalwa egolide. Yenziwa yingcibi, yaza yayinika ukumkani. Noko ke, uHiero II warhanela ukuba le ngcibi ayizange iwasebenzise onke amaqhekeza egolide ukwenza eso sithsaba sihle. Ngenxa yoko, waya eArchimedes. ukuze angqine ukukrokra kwakhe.
Ngokutsho kwentsomi, ingcali yezibalo yaxinga xa yayicombulula le ngxaki. Kodwa ngenye imini, xa ehlamba, waqaphela into enomdla kakhulu kwaye ecacileyo ngexesha elifanayo: xa efika emanzini, inqanaba layo lenyuka ebhafini. Yayiyimbono awayicingisisa okwethutyana, de wafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba ukufuduswa kwamanzi kwakulingana nomthamo womzimba okanye into eyayintywiliselwe emanzini. Oku kufunyenweyo kwamnceda wakwazi ukusombulula umsebenzi awayewuphathiswe ngukumkani. Ekubeni isazi ubunzima begolide eyayisiwe kwingcibi kunye nomthamo wamanzi awayefudusiwe, isazi sezibalo sasikwazi ukubala ukuxinana kwesithsaba.
Kutheni iinqanawa zidada ngokuka-Archimedes?
Eli bali linomdla kakhulu, ewe, kodwa alichazi ukuba kutheni iinqanawa zidada. Njengoko unokucinga ngokuqinisekileyo, u-Archimedes waqhubeka ecinga ngalo mbandela de wafumana ulwazi olutsha olwaluluhlaziyo: Zonke izinto ezintywiliselwe emanzini ngaxeshanye zatyhalela phezulu. Oku kutyhala ngokuthe nkqo kuhambelana nobunzima bolwelo olususwayo. Oku kufunyanisiweyo koko kwaziwa ngokuba yiArchimedes Principle. Ukongeza, sisizathu sokuba iinqanawa zikwazi ukudada emanzini.
Makhe siyicacise ngenye indlela: Zonke izinto ezixineneyo kunamanzi zifanele zizike. I-oyile, umzekelo, ukuba incinci kakhulu, ihlala idada phezu komhlaba. Kodwa izinto ezenziwe ngazo iinqanawa zixinene kunamanzi. Ngoko kutheni amaphenyane edada? Nangona izixhobo zixinene, ukuxinana okupheleleyo kwenqanawa kungaphantsi kobo bamanzi. Ukuyibala kufuneka sahlule ubunzima bubonke benqanawa ngomthamo wayo. Ngenxa yoko, umthamo wokutyhalela phezulu kwephenyane mkhulu kunobunzima obulityhalela ezantsi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba lidada phezu kwamanzi.
imbali yeenqanawa
Ekubeni ngoku siyazi ukuba kutheni amaphenyane edada, makhe sibone kancinci ngemvelaphi yezi ndlela zokuthutha elwandle. Bakho ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Iindidi zokuqala zamaphenyane zazenziwe ngeziqu zemithi kwaye zazisetyenziswa kwiminyaka eyi-10.000 eyadlulayo. Zazifana namaphenyane okanye izihlenga yaye, xa zihamba nazo, zazisebenzisa iintonga ezinde kakhulu ezichukumisa umhlaba osemazantsi amanzi. Ngenxa yolu yilo, abantu abalusebenzisayo banokuwela amachibi nemilambo engekho nzulu. Ezi zigodo zazingamanduleli eenqanawa.
Mhlawumbi yayiyimpucuko yamandulo eyayikufuphi nonxweme eyayila iinqanawa zokuqala ngolo hlobo. Ezi zithethe zahlala phantsi ukuze zisebenzise ubuncwane ababenokubufumana elwandle, njengokutya. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngabokuqala ukukrola izikhephe ezenziwe ngomthi. Xa befuduka, kwakufuneka bakwenze oko bencediswa ngamaphini okubheqa. Ezi yayizezona ndlela ziphambili zokuqhuba iinkulungwane ezininzi. Ngoko ke, abantu ababeza kuzisebenzisa kwakufuneka bomelele. Kwiimpucuko ezininzi, abo babefanele bawenze lo msebenzi yayingamakhoboka.
Kwinqanaba le nautical, ukufakwa komoya njengendlela yokuqhubela phambili kwakuyinkqubela enkulu. Kwaphuhliswa iiseyile ezinkulu ezincanyathiselwe kwimasti, ezaziwa ngokuba ziiseyile. Ngombulelo kubo, oomatiloshe babenokuthabatha ithuba lokuphenjelelwa ngumoya ngendlela elula, kodwa ngokucacileyo yayingeyonto iqhubekayo. Xa ikhampasi yayiyilwa, kwakungasekho ngxaki enjalo ekuhambeni kwiilwandle ezinkulu kunye neelwandlekazi zehlabathi lethu. Ngelo xesha, ezahlukeneyo iintlobo zamaphenyane ezinkulu ezazisetyenziselwa iinjongo zorhwebo, ezifana neegalaji, okanye iinjongo zomkhosi, ezifana neefrigates. Ngenkulungwane XIX, Ii-steamboats sele zingenile.
Xa yayiyilwa injini yokutsha Ebudeni benguqu kwezoshishino, indlela yamaphenyane yatshintsha kakhulu. Ngequbuliso bakhawuleza kakhulu kwaye bekhululekile ngakumbi, nto leyo eyabangela iindidi ezibalulekileyo zamaphenyane. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeenqanawa zokuthutha iimpahla zaselwandle kunye neenjongo zokutyelela, ezifana nokuhamba ngenqanawa, kunye neenjongo zemfazwe. Aba bamva bebephuhlisa itekhnoloji entsha ukuze bakwazi ukwenza iinkwili, umzekelo, kunye neenqanawa ezinomthamo wamandla enyukliya.
Ndiyathemba ukuba icacile kuwe ukuba kutheni iinqanawa zidada kunye nendlela eziye zavela ngayo kwimbali.