Inyama emhlophe idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisondlo somntu, kuba idla ngokutyiwa rhoqo. Kuzo zonke, inyama yenkukhu ilawula kwaye kubonakala ukuba ezimbalwa zezi ntaka zikhethiweyo ukuba sizitye, zifumana igama le-broilers.
ukufuya inyama yenkukhu
Xa sisiya emarikeni ukuya kuthenga izinto zemihla ngemihla, sihlala sibandakanya uhlobo oluthile lwenyama, ngaphandle kweevegans. Ezi nyama zidla ngokuba ngumvundla, iturkey kunye nenkukhu, eyokugqibela iyeyona idumileyo. Ngoku, ukuba oku kuthengiswe kuthi phantsi kwegama le-broiler kuya kuba yinto engaqhelekanga, kuba asiqhelanga ukuyiva ngolo hlobo. Esi songezelelo silungiselelwe kuphela ukusetyenziswa komntu ngaphezu kokubonelela ngeeprotheni ezilungileyo kumzimba wethu.
Igama elithi ukutyebisa lisixelela ukuba ezi Iintlobo zeentaka banokhathalelo olukhethekileyo, kwaye oko kukuba bakhuliswe kwiifama ngokutya okumnandi kakhulu. Kodwa, akuphelelanga apho, ezi nkukhu zikhula ngokukhawuleza ukuba kwisithuba seeveki ezimbalwa zilungele ukuxhelwa, ngenxa yesixa seehomoni ezitofwayo. Oku ngenjongo yokwandisa imveliso kwiifama kwaye emva koko kuqhubeke ukunyusa inani labo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ngokubanzi, ukukhetha ezi nkukhu akungomsebenzi unzima kuba ziqhelekile ngethoni yesikhumba esityheli kunye neentsiba ezimhlophe. Ukuze ukwazi ukuzixhela, kuyimfuneko ukulinda phakathi kweeveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-7, kwaye ngaloo ndlela zinokufikelela kubunzima apho kufumaneka khona inyama eyaneleyo. Ngokuchaseneyo nezinye iinkuku ezithatha ukuya kwiiveki ezili-14 ngenxa yokukhula kancinci.
Kwakhona, ngenxa yokuba bancinci kwinkqubo yokubulawa, ziintaka ezine-physiognomy yangaphambili kunye nesimo sengqondo somntwana. Kangangokuba bathanda ukuba neengxaki ekukhuleni kwabo ezinje ngokungahambi kakuhle kunye notshintsho emathanjeni abo, izilonda zolusu kunye nasemehlweni, kunye neengxaki zentliziyo.
Kwelinye icala, abafuyi bezi ntaka baqwalasela iinkalo ezininzi zokulondoloza impilo-ntle yazo. Phakathi kwazo kukho indawo eyaneleyo yokukwazi ukuhlwayela ukutya kwabo, i-hatchery kunye ne-ventilation yayo, ngaphezu kokuvavanya amaxesha ngamaxesha iinkqubo zangaphakathi ezihamba ngazo ezi zilwanyana.
Iimpawu zeebroilers
Iinkukhu ziintaka ezidlamkileyo kwaye zibonakala ngokuhlala zikhangela ukutya, zigqogqa kwaye zikrwela yonke into ezifikelela kuyo. Xa iinkukhu eziqhelekileyo zikhethwa ukutyeba, ubomi babo bendalo buguquka ngokupheleleyo, njengoko zibhekwa njengokutya. Inkqubo eyenzeka ngayo ukukhula kwayo imfutshane, ukwenzela ukuba kanye kwiivenkile ezinkulu sifumane imveliso yokugqibela.
Ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba ezi ntaka zizalwe kwiindawo zokuqandusela zigqithiselwa kwiifama kwaye zide zibe nzima ngokwaneleyo, aziyi kuxhelwa. Okuchaseneyo kwenzeka nge iinkukhu ezizalelayo, ekubeni ubomi babo bonyaka omnye bubude kuneeveki ezisixhenxe zeenkukhu. Indlela eziziphatha ngayo ezi zilwanyana zasefama iyatshintsha xa zitshintsha indawo ezihlala kuyo, kuba ubudala bazo kunye nobunzima bomzimba bukhula kakhulu ngokuhamba kweentsuku, ngaloo ndlela ziba ziintaka ezingekafiki.
Kwelinye icala, ukukhuliswa kwezi nkukhu kunokwenzeka kwiindawo ezikhululekileyo kunye nangaphakathi, umahluko kukuba umsebenzi wangaphambili mkhulu xa uthelekiswa nowokugqibela. Nangona kunjalo, oku kusesekuqaleni kuphela kuba njengoko iiveki ezintandathu zokuqala zobomi zidlula, amanqanaba azo ehla, eshiya zombini kwinqanaba. Iinkunzi kunye neemazi zolu hlobo zinenjongo enye, ukusebenzisa inyama yazo njengokutya kwabantu.
Kukho iimpawu ezithile ekufuneka iinkuku ezincinci zihlangane nazo ukuze zithathwe njengezinto ezityebileyo, zezi:
- Iintsiba zaso mazibe zinde.
- Bamele babe namandla kwaye baphaphe.
- Inkaba yavaleka ngokupheleleyo.
- Akufunekanga babe namaqatha abomvu.
- Amanqina abo kufuneka acoceke ajonge kwaye agudileyo.
- Kufuneka babhitye ukuze bakwazi ukutyeba kwasekuqaleni.
- Amehlo akhe kufuneka abe makhulu, aqaqambe kwaye abe nenkangeleko edlamkileyo.
- Ungabinaziphene ezifana neentamo ezigobileyo, imilenze egoso okanye umlomo onqamlezileyo.
Unjani ukutya kwakho?
Ukutya kwezi ntaka yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, kuba njengoko igama layo libonisa, injongo yokugqibela kukutyebisa kangangoko kwaye ngendlela efanayo, ukuba ikwimeko engcono kakhulu yokusetyenziswa. Isondlo senkukhu sithatha i-70% yeendleko zemveliso yeefama, ngoko ke yeyona nto iphambili kubalimi. Ewe, oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iinkukhu zabo ziya kulinganiswa kakuhle, zombini amathambo, amafutha kunye nezihlunu.
Iinkukhu ziqhelekile Izilwanyana ezinomdla kwaye xa zisiba ziinkuku zenyama ziye zibe nokufikelela kolunye uhlobo lokutya. Sithetha nje iintaka ezityebileyo zineprotheyini eninzi, ezibonelelwa ngenkqubo yokutya, ezi ziyohluka ngokwendlela esetyenziswa ngumfuyi ngamnye. Ukongeza, kufuneka babe nezibane zokwenziwa kakuhle, kuba oko kuya kunceda iinkukhu ukuba zivuselele umdla wazo.
Ifama nganye evelisa iinkuku zisebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokutyisa, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezizifunayo, ezifana nobunzima, izixa eziyehliweyo okanye izinto eziphuma kuzo. Nangona, ngokubanzi ukutya kokuqalisa kunikezelwa nge-1500 gr ukuya kwamadoda kunye ne-1200 gr ukuya kwabasetyhini. Iinkunzi zibonelelwa ngobuninzi obuninzi ukuze ziphuhlise wonke amandla azo emfuza, kuba ukwakheka kwemazi kwahlukile.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala leenkukhu, kufuneka zinikwe ukutya kokuqala, oku kuza ngendlela yomgubo okanye iipelisi. Kubalulekile ukugcina umkhondo wokubonelela kwisidlo senkukhu, njengoko kufuneka idibanise izabelo zokutya. Ukufezekisa oku, kufuneka zonwabele ukukhanya ebusuku, kwelinye icala, ngamaxesha ashushu iinkukhu zichanabeka ngakumbi ekunciphiseni ubunzima ngenxa yoxinzelelo olubangelwa bubushushu.
Njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu luchaphazela ngokuphawulekayo ukukhula kwayo, ukuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela kuya kuba yeyona nto ingcono ekutyisweni kwayo ukuphepha ukuphazamiseka xa kwenzeka ukuhanjiswa. Ngokumalunga nezixa zezondlo ekufuneka inkukhu izityile ukuze ithathwe njengesempilweni, zezi: 24% protein, 4% fat kunye ne 5% fiber.
Ziziphi iivithamini ezifunekayo?
Kuxhaphakile ukuba inkukhu ezingenakubalwa ezinovithamini kunye nokusilela kweminerali zifumaneka kwiifama. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ezi mpazamo emzimbeni wakho zibangelwa kukungondleki kakuhle. Iinkqubo zokutya okanye izidlo kufuneka zibandakanye zonke izakha mzimba zophuhliso olusebenzayo, kodwa ukuba ifunyaniswe ihlwempuzekile, intaka ayizukulungela ukuxhelwa ukuba ityiwe.
Ubuncinci umxhesho owenziweyo wokutya kufuneka unikwe inkukhu, ngale ndlela ukuba intaka yethu ineentsilelo kancinci kancinci iya kuphucula ukhuseleko . Iinkuku zifuna zonke iivithamini ngaphandle kwe-C. Ezinye zazo zombini zinyibilika emanzini nasemafutheni, ngaloo ndlela zizohlulahlula zibe ngamaqela amabini. Nazi iivithamini ezifunwa yinkukhu yethu:
inyibilika emanzini
- IThiyamine (B1)
- I-Riboflavin (B2)
- Pantothenic acid
- Niacin
- Vitamin B12
- Ifolic acid
amafutha anyibilikayo
- Vitamin a
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin K
Kwelinye icala, nabo baya kufuna amaminerali ezinegalelo kwimpilo yakho nakubomi bakho ngexesha lokutya kwakho, zezi:
- Calcio
- Phosphorus
- wemagniziyam
- Manganese
- Hierro
- ICopper
- Iodine
- Izinki
- ICobalt
iinkukhu zenyama
Iibroilers zithathwa njengokutya okusisiseko ekutyeni kwabantu, kuba inyama yazo elungiselelwe ngokukodwa isinika iiproteni ezidingwa ngumzimba wethu. Ukongezelela, ukuba inkqubo yokukhula kwayo ingqongqo, ayingombandela nje wokukhetha nayiphi na inkukhu uze uyityiswe. Kufuneka bahlangabezane neempawu ezithile ukuze bakhuliswe kwaye babonelele ngokutya okunempilo, ngendlela eya kuthi ibe zizenzo zokusetyenziswa kwabo kokugqibela.
Phakathi kweenkukhu ezisetyenziselwa ukutya, kukho i-broilers okanye i-Gallus gallus domesticus njengegama layo lezenzululwazi, ezikwazi ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Xa kuthelekiswa neenkukhu ezibeka amaqanda kunye nezinye iinkukhu ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo zombini. Kwisithuba esimalunga neeveki ezintlanu iinkuku zenyama zinokudlula kwi-2 kg, kwaye ngokuphindwe kabini kwezi veki zinokulingana ne-4.5 kg.
Njengoko sele sitshilo, iinkukhu ezimiselwe ukufumana inyama yazo ziqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, zihlulwe zibe ziintlobo ngokuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yazo, iimeko ze-physiological kunye nesicwangciso sokutya. Nazi ezinye iintlobo:
Umnqamlezo waseCornish
Ziintaka ezikhethwa ngamaziko ezorhwebo kunye nezo zifuye iinkukhu kumakhaya azo. Zibonakala ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza ukuya kuthi ga kancinane kwi-5 kg phakathi kweeveki ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo ubudala. Ngaphezu koko, bathi inencasa ephucukileyo xa ithelekiswa nezinye iinkukhu abazisebenzisa ekutyebiseni nasekubekeni amaqanda. Inomgangatho ophantsi womsebenzi ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kwayo kwangaphambili. Ulusu lwakhe olutyheli, amabele abanzi, amathanga kunye nemilenze emikhulu.
Ijezi enkulu
Zizinkukhu ezizinkukhu eziphuma kuMntla Melika ngenjongo yokutshintsha i-turkey, nangona kungenzeki ukuba kube njalo, yenye yeentaka ezikhethwa ngabafuyi basekhaya. I-purebred kwaye ubunzima bayo obuphakathi buphakathi kwe-4.9 ukuya kwi-5.8 kg. Nangona zizigebenga, ukukhula kwazo kucotha kakhulu kunezinye iintlobo ezityebisayo. Ezi ntaka zifuna ixesha elininzi kunye neenxalenye zokutya ukuze ziphakanyiswe, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zingafunwa kakhulu ezivenkileni.
Bayakwazi ukubeka amaqanda amakhulu amdaka kwinkqubo yabo yokukhula, ngaloo ndlela bazalisekisa iinjongo ezimbini. Oku ngelixa kuzuzwa ubuninzi bepayinti yokutyebisa obunqwenelekayo, zibonwa njengezoxolo kwaye kulula ukuphatha iintaka ngendalo. Noko ke, iinkunzi zolu didi ziba ndlongondlongo ngandlel’ ithile. Sinokuzifumana zineentsiba ezimhlophe, ezibhlowu namnyama.
I Bresse
Zibalasele ngencasa yazo ebalaseleyo kunye nokuguda kwazo, zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kweevenkile. Ziinkukhu ezinkulu kwaye iinyawo zazo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, yiyo loo nto zibiza kakhulu. Xa zifunyanwe ukuba zifuye ezona ndleko zininzi ziyakuthotywa ekondleni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ziinkukhu ezimhlophe, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuzifumana ngeblue, grey okanye emnyama.
IOrpington
Ezi zizalisekisa umsebenzi ophindwe kabini kuba zikwazi ukubeka amaqanda angama-200 ngexesha lonyaka, azizontaka ezinkulu kwaye ukukhula kwazo kuhamba kancinane. Iimazi zikholisa ukukhula ukuya kutsho kwi-3.6 kg, ziyakonwabela ukuba nenyama enencasa entle kakhulu kunye nenyama ethambileyo. Zinomzimba obanzi, umqolo omfutshane, kwaye zigobile nje kancinci.
Inkululeko Rangers
Olona phawu lwezi nkukhu kukuba zixhaphake kakhulu ngokutya, uphuhliso lwazo luvela ekuzalweni kwentaka etya ingca kuphela. Imarike yabo ekujoliswe kuyo yileyo ingenayo i-pesticides, bahlala kwisiseko seprotheni ephantsi kwaye bafanelekile ukuba babe kwifama.
Ziphila ngokutya izinambuzane kunye nombona, zizibeka njengezona ntaka zisempilweni phakathi kwenyama yenyama, imibala yazo ibomvu neentsiba ezinamachokoza amnyama kunye nemithunzi engwevu neyebronzi.
Zeziphi izifo ezinokwenzeka?
Ngenxa yokukhula okukhawulezileyo kubantwana abasanda kuzalwa, ziintaka ezithanda izifo ezininzi ezifana nokungahambi kakuhle, iingxaki zentliziyo okanye izilonda zolusu. Nazi ezinye zezifo eziqhelekileyo ze-broiler:
ukusilela kwentliziyo
Xa iinkukhu zikhethwa kwaye ziqala ukuzala, azinalo uphuhliso oluhle lwamalungu azo. Ngoko ke, iindlela zokukhula ngokukhawuleza zimenza angakwazi ukuzikhusela kwizifo, ngokuqhelekileyo, ukutya ezikunika kona kuyayidlula imilinganiselo yamandla afanele ayitye ngokweminyaka yakhe. Isiphumo soku kukufumana iinkukhu ezinengxaki yemetabolism efana nesifo sokufa ngesiquphe kunye nokudumba kwesisu.
Esi sifo sisifo sentliziyo esibukhali kwaye sichaphazela kakhulu amadoda. Ezi ntaka zibonakala zikwimeko entle kakhulu ngokwasemzimbeni, nangona kunjalo, xa zichatshazelwa yiyo zibonakalisa iimpawu ezifana nokuphulukana nokulungelelana kwazo, ukungcangcazela amaphiko azo ngamandla, zikhala kwaye zithande ukuwela ngomqolo okanye emacaleni de zife, malunga nentsimbi yesine. mzuzu.
Ukunqongophala kwamathambo
Ezi broilers zisenokuba nokwanda kwamabele, okuya kubonakala kumfuyi wazo. Kodwa, oku kuya kuthetha ukuba iziko lakhe lomxhuzulane litshintshile, libangela ukuba amabele akhe abe makhulu kunokuba kuchaziwe xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo. Ichaphazela kakhulu kwaye iyanciphisa indlela abahamba ngayo, iphinde ibeke ubunzima obongezelelweyo kwi-hips kunye nemilenze.
Ubuninzi beengxaki ze-skeletal ziphezulu kwaye zichaphazela ngokukodwa inkqubo yakho ye-locomotor evame ukubandakanya ukukhubazeka kwamadolo, ukungaphumeleli kwezintso eziphazamisa i-metabolism yamathambo, iziphene zeplate yokukhula, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokunikezelwa kwegazi kwintloko ye-femal.
Ezi mpazamo ziphazamisa ngokuphawulekayo izakhono zabo zokuhamba njengoko iintaka eziqhwalelayo zichitha ixesha elininzi zilele okanye zilele, umsebenzi wazo uqala ukuncipha ngeentsuku ezili-14 ubudala.
Ukwenzakala kwingqibelelo
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintaka ezikhula ngokukhawuleza zeminyaka yazo zingaqala ukubonisa ukuziphatha okungasebenziyo okufana nokuhlala okanye ukuqhawula lonke ixesha. Oku kwandisa ngakumbi kwaye kunokunxulumana ne-dermatitis, ebangelwa kukuchitha ixesha elininzi ukudibana ne-ammonia kwi-brood.
Ithe i-dermatitis yokunxibelelana ibonakala ngokujiya kolusu kunye ne-necrosis yolusu, kukufa kwezicubu zeselula zeenkukhu. Oku kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo kunokubonakaliswa njenge-blister kwi-sinus, ukutshisa kwi-hock kunye nezilonda ezinyaweni.
Amayeza okugonya iinkuku
Njengoko sisazi kakuhle, ukuze inkukhu eqhelekileyo ixhelwe, kufuneka ifikelele kobona bunzima bufunwa ngabafuyi. Kodwa, ngenxa yokuba inkukhu encinci kwaye ingavuthwanga kuzo zonke iinkalo, inkqubo ehamba ngayo ezi broilers iyaphikisana nempilo yabo. Amajoni akhe omzimba akumgangatho ophantsi kangangokuba akanakukwazi ukumelana naso nasiphi na isigulo esinokubakho esidweliswe ngasentla.
Nangona kunjalo, zikhona iindlela zokuzama ukugcina iinkukhu zisempilweni kwaye zilwe nezifo ezinokuthi zibe zizifo ezosulelayo. Enye yazo isenokuba yisalmon esasazwa ngeqanda leenkuku. Ngesi sizathu, kuyafuneka ukuba kugonywe iinkuku zenyama ngokwendawo ezikhuliselwa kuyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuhlolwe indawo phambi kokuba kuqanduselwe iintaka ezigulayo.
Izitofu zokugonya iinkukhu zenkukhu zinokuhlelwa ngeendlela ezimbini:
izitofu zokugonya ezisisiseko
Zezo zisetyenziswa kuzo zonke iifama zeenkukhu ukuze ukuthengiswa kwazo kusebenze, phakathi kwazo:
- ibronchitis esosulelayo
- I-Avian Encephalomyelitis
- Ingqakaqha
- brand
- I-bursa eyosulelayo
- i-coryza eyosulelayo
- Newcastle
- i-avian coccidiosis
Ugonyo olongezelelweyo
Zizo ezo zisetyenziswa kwimimandla ethile okanye imimandla, apho ubukho besifo esixeliweyo bufunyanwa. Ukuziqhelanisa nokucinga iziphumo ezilungileyo zokugcina ulawulo kwiinkukhu, ezinye zazo zinokuba:
- umkhuhlane weentaka
- laryngotracheitis
- Colibacillosis
- Ukubandakanywa kwe-hepatitis yomzimba
- Ikholera yeentaka
Ukuba neshedyuli yokugonya kunye nokuthobela ulawulo ngalunye yeyona nto ifanelekileyo, kuba ukongeza ekubeni neentaka ezisempilweni, unokumamela kwaye ulumke ngempendulo yesibini emva kokugonywa. Iinkuku zenyama zinokuthwaxwa kukunqongophala ngenxa yokuba umxokomezelo wazo wokhuselo lomzimba awukaphuhli ngokupheleleyo kwaye ezinye izitofu zokugonya endaweni yokuba zisebenze ekuthinteleni isifo, zijikela inkqubo yazo, zizikhusele ngokupheleleyo kwinto engento.
Yintoni ibroiler ephilayo?
yitsho ukuba a inkukhu yenkukhu is organic ibhekisa kuzo zonke ezo ntaka zizalelayo ezingabonelelwanga naluphi na uhlobo lwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane okanye nayiphi na enye imveliso yemichiza. Ngokuqhelekileyo zaziwa njengeentaka ezihlala simahla, kodwa ngeenjongo zokutyiwa kwenyama kwixesha elizayo. Indawo abakuyo yindalo kwaye ivulekile, ibanika ithuba lokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwaye bakhangele ukutya kwabo ngokwabo.
Ezi nkukhu zasimahla zibonakaliswa ngokukhula kwazo kancinci, ngenxa yoku ukuhambelana kwazo kubemi kuncinci kakhulu. Yongezwa kubuninzi beentsuku ezingama 81 ubudala ukuze ezi ntaka zikhule zifikelele kubunzima obufunekayo bokuxhelwa, kungenjalo aziyi kuba luncedo kuloo njongo. Kwelinye icala, ukuxhelwa kwezi ntaka kunye nezo zityetyisiweyo ngokuqhelekileyo ziyafana, ngokusisiseko kwiindawo zokuqandusela zisebenzisa iindlela zokutsalwa kombane kunye negesi.
Ezi nkqubo zilawula ukukhwankqisa iinkukhu ngendlela enomdla, kuba zibashiya zingekho zingqondweni kwaye zingenaluvelwano kuyo nayiphi na intlungu ezayo ngenxa yedini lendalo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokubingelela ezizishiya zingashukumi, kodwa phakathi kwezona zixhaphakileyo zezi: ukuxhelwa kwenkolo, ukujika, ngendlela elawulwayo emoyeni, igesi kunye nombane omangalisayo njengoko besesitshilo.