Uhlobo lweentaka olufana kakhulu neAmerican Moorhen lubizwa ngokuba moorhen kwaye inokuziphatha okwahluke kancinane kolu hlobo, kwesi sithuba siza kukhangela kwiimpawu zayo, i-subspecies efunyenweyo, ukutya kwayo, ukuziphatha, indawo yokuhlala, indlela yokuvelisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Moorhen
I-moorhen yaziwa ngokuba intlanzi ebomvu Ngokuqhelekileyo, igama layo lihambelana neentlobo zayo: iGallinula kunye neentlobo zayo: iChloropus. Yenye yezona ntaka zincinane zeguirform kwimizi kaloliwe ngokutsho kukaCarlos Linnaeus owachaza imoorhen okokuqala ngowe-1758. Ngumahluko omncinane kuphela owawubonakala kumlomo wabo nakwisandi ababesenza xa becula.
ezinye iintlobo ze-moorhen
Emva kokuba zombini ezi ntlobo zihlalutyiweyo ngokuqhelekileyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba kukho iiyantlukwano ezingakumbi phakathi kwezi zimbini, kwangaxeshanye kwafunyaniswa iindidi ezincinci zale moorhen njengoko ixesha lihamba. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba njengoko kufunyenwe i-subspecies ye-moorhen, ezinye ziye zanyamalala ngenxa yazo zonke iingxaki zokusingqongileyo. Kukho ishumi elinesihlanu isubspecies ezaziwayo kwaye zinala magama enzululwazi alandelayo:
- Gallinula chloropus: Kwezi ndawo zilandelayo zinokufunyanwa: eBurma, eKashmir, eTshayina (emazantsi nasempuma), iHainandao, eIndiya, eIraq, eJapan, eMalacca (emantla), kuSingasiqithi weArabia (emazantsi), eSri Lanka. , iTaiwan neTibet (emazantsi).
- Gallinula chloropus barbadensis: Le subspecies kunye ne Gallinula chloropus seychellarum zisajongwa ngenxa yokuba zifana kakhulu ngokwasemzimbeni, ibarbadensis yabonwa ngamanani amakhulu eBarbabos - kwiCaribbean Island kunye neSeychellarum eSeychelles - eMpuma Afrika. IiBarbados moorhens zafunyanwa ngowe-1954.
- Gallinula chloropus cachinnans: Ezi ntaka ngoku zihlala kuMntla nakuMbindi Merika, ngakumbi kwiziqithi zaseBermuda, eGalapagos naseBahamas. Aqala ukubonwa ngowe-1915.
- I-Galinula chloropus cerceris: Iintaka zolu hlobo zifumaneka kwiqela leziqithi ezikumntla woLwandle lweCaribbean (IiAntille Ezinkulu), nezikwasemzantsi-mpuma wezi ziqithi (Lesser Antilles, kwimpuma yePuerto Rico). Ukufunyaniswa kwakhe kubonakala ukususela ngonyaka we-1910.
- Gallinula chloropus galeata: Baye babonwa okokuqala ngqa ngonyaka we-1818, nto leyo ebabeka njengezona zincinci zindala zafunyanwa. Iindawo ezihlala kuzo ngoku zezi: iArgentina (emantla), iBrazil, iBolivia (empuma), iGuyana, iParaguay, iTrinidad, iUruguay kunye neVenezuela (emantla) ngamazwe apho iimoorhens ezihlala kolu didi. .
- Gallinula chloropus garmani: Kuyenzeka ukubona iintaka zolu hlobo lwezilwanyana ezifunyenwe ngo-1876 eArgentina (emantla-ntshona), eBolivia (empuma), eChile (emantla) nakwiindawo eziphakamileyo zasePeru kuphela.
- Gallinula chloropus guami: Iimoorhen zaseGuami zihlala kwiZiqithi zaseMariana kwaye zabonwa okokuqala ngowe-1917.
- Gallinula chloropus meridionalis: Ezi zincinci ze-moorhen ezibonwa e-Afrika, ngokukodwa kwiPhondo laseKapa nakwisiqithi sase-Santo Tomé, nangona ezinye zabonwa kwisiqithi sase-Annobón, unyaka wayo wokufunyanwa yi-1821.
- Gallinula chloropus orientalis: Ngokuphathelele i-moorhens yale subspecies, iindawo zingabhalwa njengeendawo zazo zokuhlala: i-Bali, i-Borneo (ngokukodwa e-Kalimantan), i-Flores, i-Java Island, i-Kangean, i-Lombok, i-Malacca (emzantsi), i-Sulawesi kunye ne-Sumatra.
- Gallinula chloropus pauxilla: Ezi ntaka zeentaka zabonwa emantla eColombia kwaye kancinci kwintshona yeli lizwe elifanayo, zifumaneka nase-Ecuador (entshona) nasePeru (emantla-ntshona).
- IGallinula chloropus pyrrhorrhea: Yabonwa eMadagascar naseMauritius, okokuqala ngqa ukubonwa ngowe-1861.
- Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis: Ngowe-1877 kwabonwa iimoorheni zokuqala zesi silwanyane ezihlala eHawaii.
Izixhobo
Ngokumalunga nenkangeleko yayo, into yokuqala enokuthi ilingane phakathi kwama-27 nama-38 eesentimitha, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibonakale, nangona kunjalo, xa ivula amaphiko ayo inokugquma ukuya kuthi ga kwi-62 yeesentimitha. Ukongeza koku, inobunzima obuphakathi kwe-192 kunye ne-500 grams, ngokubanzi amadoda ngawona anemilinganiselo emikhulu xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini.
Umbala wayo awuhlukanga kakhulu ngokungafaniyo ne iiparakethi enemibala emininzi njengeentlobo ezingaphantsi kunye nangaphezulu, i-moorhen ngokubanzi imnyama grey iphantse ibe mnyama, intloko kunye nentamo yayo yonke inombala omnyama kunomzimba wayo wonke, eneneni kwindawo engezantsi yomsila wayo ibonakala imhlophe. umbala.
Ngokuphathelele umlomo wayo omile okwenxantathu, eyona nto ikhethekileyo ngumbala wayo obomvu, ngaphandle nje kwencam yawo, onombala otyheli oqaqambileyo. Nangona kunjalo, imilenze yayo iphuzi kunye ne-hue eluhlaza kunye neendawo ezimbini ezibomvu ezifunyenwe emadolweni ngamnye, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zide zifaniswa nezinye iintlobo zikaloliwe.
Ngokunjalo, iminwe yabo mide, nto leyo ebanceda ukuba bahambe lula kwezinye izityalo zasemanzini. Kananjalo neenzipho ezigoso kancinci ezinombala omthubi oneethowuni eziluhlaza. Ngokuphathelele umsila wayo, mfutshane kwaye njengoko kubonisiwe inombala omhlophe emazantsi, nangona iintsiba ezingwevu zinokubonwa.
Kuyenzeka ukuba uqaphele utshintsho kwinkangeleko yabo njengoko bekhula, umzekelo wale ndlela i-moorhens encinci inomzimba omdaka kunye nentamo ekhanyayo kangangokuba iphantse ibe mhlophe. Xa sele bekhulile, kunokuvela umgca obomvu ethangeni ngalinye yaye umlomo wabo uya kuba nobomvu oya kuba bukhali ngakumbi njengoko ubonakala, umbala omthubi wencam nawo uyamangalisa.
Kodwa kungekuphela nje emilonyeni yabo ababa nombala obomvu xa befikelela ekuvuthweni (ekubeni bebancinci benomlomo oluhlaza onomdaka kunobomvu). Amehlo nawo abomvu nangona i-pupil yabo imnyama, xa bebancinci amehlo abo abemdaka kwaye atshintshe umbala. Iimazi kunye namadoda ziyafana ngenene ngaphandle komlinganiselo wobungakanani okhankanywe ngasentla.
Umsila wayo, njengoko kubonisiwe, unokuba mnyama kodwa ungabi mnyama njengentloko nentamo yentaka, inokuba mhlophe nangaphakathi okanye ingwevu, inyaniso yeyokuba zimfutshane kwaye zinemigca emhlophe. Umsila wabo ubonakala uhamba kunye nesingqi ezidla ngokuqubha ngaso kuba ziwutyekisa ngaxeshanye njengoko zinqwala intloko ngexesha lokuqubha kwazo.
Ukuziphatha
Ngokwentlalo ezi ntaka zikholisa ukuphepha ezinye iindawo zoluntu lwezinye iintlobo ngazo zonke iindleko kunye nemoorhen efanayo, enyanisweni xa zihamba zihlala kwindawo enye ixesha elifutshane ukuya kumashumi amabini ezibini zolu hlobo kwaye nangona kunjalo zihlala kude. enye nenye ngemitha enye okanye ezintlanu zomgama. Bathanda ukuhlala ngababini nokuba bodwa, boyikisa abantu abangabaziyo ngeempempe eziphakamileyo.
Ngalo mqondo, ukuziphatha kwazo kwezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana xa kukho ungquzulwano kunamandla, zihlala zilwa nezinye iintlobo zeentaka. Indlela eziziphatha ngayo kwizilwanyana ezizingelayo, ezi ntaka xa zibona ukuba enye yazo iyasondela, zibalekela elunxwemeni zizimele apho de zizive zikhuselekile kwakhona, zingabaleka ngokuqubha, ukuntywila okanye ukubhabha, nangona oku kungaqhelekanga. Xa irhamncwa liza emoyeni okanye bengabantu bantywila njengazo zonke umqhagi wolwandle.
Ingoma yayo kwelinye icala imfutshane kakhulu kwaye iyaphazamiseka, isoloko isetyenziswa ngoomama xa bebiza abantwana babo. Ingoma eviwayo xa besengozini yahlukile, kwanaleyo bayikhuphayo xa beziva besoyika. Ngokubhekiselele kuleyo zonke iintaka ziyikhupha ngesihlandlo esinye okanye esinye ebudeni bemini, oku ngokuqhelekileyo kuvakala njengempempe.
Xa zisandul’ ukuzalwa ziqalisa ukwenza izandi ezingathi zii<em>beep ezimfutshane kwakamsinya nje emva kokushiya iqanda, xa zikhula isandi siye sibe ngqongqo kwaye sibe nengxolo xa zibaleka okuthile. Oku kwenzeka de bafe, nto leyo edla ngokude babe neminyaka esibhozo okanye elishumi elinesibini ubudala.
Indaloukukhutshwa
Ngokuphathelele ukutya kwabo, oku kubanzi kakhulu kuba ziintaka ezidla inyama, zitya isixa esikhulu semifuno yohlobo oluninzi olunje ngembewu, amaqhekeza ezityalo zasemanzini, imifuno, izityalo zomgxobhozo, kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci zasemanzini ezingenamqolo kunye nemolluscs. , ngaphezu kwezinambuzane kunye neembaza, oko kukuthi, ukutya kwazo kufumaneka ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamanzi, ngenxa yeentlobo zazo azikho ubunzima obukhulu bokutya.
Njengezinye iintaka eziqubha kumachibi, amachibi, imilambo, njl. iimoorhens zintywila phantse ngokupheleleyo ukuze zikwazi ukubamba ezi zilwanyana zincinci zamanzi, xa zisitya ngaphandle kwamanzi zinokuba neentloni kodwa zikufumana ngokulula ukutya kwazo kwaye ekugqibeleni zigqibele zikufuna, enyanisweni xa zifile. Iintlanzi ezishiywe ngaphandle kwamanzi i-moorhens zikholisa ukuzichola kwaye ayizizo zodwa izidumbu ezicholwayo, nakwezinye iintaka.
Ezinye izinto ezidla ngokuzitya ziinkumba, ohlabamanzi, izigcawu nooqongqothwane, zikhe zabonwa zisitya amaqanda ezinye iintaka. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ziinkunzi ezidla ngokutya kakhulu kuneemazi kuba ngexesha lokuthandana ezo zikhangeleka zomelele zibonisa iimazi ukuba zezona zikufanelekelayo ukukhulisa amantshontsho nokukhusela iindlwane.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona
Ukuthandana kwabo ixesha elide ngokwenene ukuba kuthathwa njengomdaniso okanye isiko, into yokuqala abayenzayo kukubonisa iintsiba zabo zomsila, emva koko baqhubeke nokuzisonga kwaye unokubona ukuba bazikhahlela njani ukuze balingane, kusenokubonakala kulula kodwa. kuthatha ixesha elide ukwenza kancinci. Ngokuphathelele ixesha abayenza ngalo, oku kuqhelekile ukususela ekuqaleni kukaOktobha ukuya kuDisemba. Into eqhelekileyo kukuba ziimazi ezikhetha iqabane kwaye ezi zidla ngokuza nezinye iintaka ezifudukayo.
Enye indawo yokuthandana engazange ikhankanywe yile yenzeka phezu kwamanzi, oku kungahamba ngolu hlobo: Inkunzi isondela kwimazi idada kwaye icoca amanzi phezu kwamanzi, kwezinye iimeko iimazi ziyawasusa. kwaye loo nto ibenza badada ngakubo kwaye balinganise ukuba bayaqhubeka nokugqogqa emanzini. Emva koko baye babaleqe baze bakwenze oko ngokuphindaphindiweyo de bangawushiyi umgama phakathi komnye nomnye.
Emva kokuba benziwe njengesibini kunye ukuzala kwiintaka Ziinkunzi ezikhangela iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokwenza indlwane, oku kunokubakho kwamanye amazwe afana nalawo akumbindi weYurophu. Benza iindlwane ezicokisekileyo (zinokwakha iindlwane ezimbini kwaye emva koko zihlale kwenye yazo) ezi zinamaqonga amaninzi okanye iileya (zinokuba zintlanu) kwaye emva kokuba zixhobile zihlala kuzo ukuze zilale kunye namaqanda.
Iinkunzi, ukongezelela ekubeni zizo ezifumana ezona ndawo zigqwesileyo, zizo ezakha indlwane, nangona ingeyiyo kuphela, iimazi zikwasebenzisana ngokubanzi ngokuzigquma. Baqwalasela kuphela iindlwane ezigqityiweyo xa kuqala ukubeka amaqanda kwaye ngexesha lokufukamela kwabo, xa belapho into abaqhele ukuyenza kukubeka izityalo eziluhlaza ngendlela ye-canopy njengendlela yokukhusela kumasela. amaqanda entaka.
Amantshontsho eMoorhen
Iimazi zihlala ziqala ukubeka amaqanda azo ebusuku (phakathi kwentsimbi yesi-7 pm kunye ne-10 pm) xa inyanga ka-Epreli sele iphakathi, yiloo nto eye yabonwa eYurophu. Lamaqanda anombala otyheli omdaka okanye beige aneethowuni ezingwevu, anokuba namabala amdaka amnyama okanye amfusa ade abhideke nomnyama, iqokobhe lawo liqinile nyani ngoko anobunzima obumalunga ne-20 grams.
Ukongeza koku, iimazi zihlala zineentambo eziya kuthi xhaxhe ezintathu, kuphela azinalo inani lamaqanda afanayo nelokuqala. Zihlala kwindlwane iintsuku ezili-19 okanye ezingama-22 kwixesha lazo lokufukamela zize ziqanduselwe ngabazali bobabini, emva koko uqala ukubona iintanda kumaqokobhe azo (kwaneentsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba ziphume ngokoqobo) kwaye ukumka kunokuthabatha phakathi kwe-2. kunye neeyure ezili-18.
Ngokuphathelele ixesha abalithathayo ukuba baphume kwindlwane okokuqala, oku kungathatha usuku olunye okanye ezintathu. Ziyakwazi ukuqubha phantse kusuku lokuqala lokuzalwa kwaye zinokuntywila ngeentsuku ezintlanu, kwiintsuku ezilishumi zokuzalwa ziqhele ukuzifunela ukutya kwazo ngokwazo. Konke oku phantsi kokhathalelo lwabazali babo, ekubeni bobabini bathatha inxaxheba ekunyamekeleni nasekukhuliseni kwabo.
Amantshontsho azo akhangeleka ngokwahlukileyo kulowo alufumanayo xa sele ekhulile, kamsinya nje akuba ezelwe umlomo wawo ubabomvu, uphantse ube orenji, nangona incam yawo ihlala ityheli. Ngokuphathelele iintsiba zayo, zimnyama ezineethowuni eziluhlaza ngasemva, kwicala lesilevi sentaka ubona umbala omhlophe ngathi umdaka. Nangona kunjalo, zonke ezo ntsiba azihlali zifana nombala.
izakhonoisenzo
Le ntaka yabonwa okokuqala e-Eurasia kwaye emva koko yabonwa kwilizwekazi laseAfrika, kulula kakhulu ukuba isasazwe kumazwe amaninzi (njengoko kunokubonwa kwindawo yeentlobo ezifunyenweyo) kodwa kufuneka zibe nomswakama. iindawo ezinje ngemilambo, amachibi, amachibi, amadama kunye neendawo ezinemigxobhozo, olu hlobo lwenkqubo yendalo lufumaneka kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela kwaye kungenxa yoko le nto. inkukhu yamanzi Iyaziwa kwiindawo ezininzi ezifana nePoland, emazantsi eFinland, phakathi kwezinye.
Ezi ntaka zizolile ngokwenene njengoko kubonakala kwinkcazo yokuziphatha kwazo, yiloo nto i-moorhen ezininzi zibonakala kubantu kwiipaki zendalo, kwiindawo zokulondoloza izilwanyana, amachibi oluntu, amadama amanzi, amadama, imisele, phakathi kwezinye. Enyanisweni, ziye zabonwa nakwiindawo apho amanzi angekho ngokwemvelo ngokupheleleyo, iindawo ezinamanzi angcolileyo aphuma kukungcola okuveliswa zizixeko zamazwe ahlala kuwo.
Eyona nto ifunekayo ukuze bakhululeke kukuba kukho amanzi ahambayo agudileyo kwaye ajikelezwe yimigxobhozo nodaka, kunye nohlaza olukhulu olude lufane neendawo ezihlala kuzo ezichazwe ngasentla. Iimoorhens zinokubekwa ngenene kwiindawo ngeendawo ezinezo nkcazo ezinemozulu epholileyo, intaba kunye neyomileyo, ukukhetha kwabo ukuqubha kunye nohlobo lwendawo yokuhlala zizinto ezenza olu hlobo lweentaka lube negama elithi Moorhen.Amanzi.
Okwangoku indawo apho zifumaneka khona ngobuninzi obukhulu kwiZiqithi zaseCanary, kwiindawo ezinjengeGran Canaria, Gomera, Aracuas, Teror, San Lorenzo, Tenerife, Maspalomas, phakathi kwezinye. Apha kulapho elona nani likhulu lamantshontsho e-moorhen lenzeka xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe apho liye labonwa kwaye indawo nganye kwezi zineempawu zendawo yokuhlala eziyithandayo.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, njengabanye Izilwanyana ezisengozini emhlabeni ezi ntaka ziphulukene nenxalenye enkulu yendawo yazo yendalo kwaye yiyo loo nto zifudukela kwamanye amazwe, zaphinda zazala ngakumbi kwaye zaziwa kakhulu kwaye zixhaphakile kwiplanethi, oku kwaba luncedo kakhulu kuba azikho sengozini yokuphela njengoko ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ababengenazo zinokuzala ngobuninzi, ukuba bazingelwe okanye aziqhelani kakuhle nezinye iindawo.
Amanye amazwe abafudukele kuwo aquka iNgilani, iZiqithi zeShetland, iNorway (emazantsi), iSweden (emazantsi), iSaint Petersburg, iSiberia (emazantsi), iAltai (ngasentshona), iDsungarei, iKashmir, iTourestan. , iBrutareal (emazantsi), iMorocco, iSahara (entshonalanga), iLibya (emantla-mpuma), iNayile Delta, i-Israel, iLebhanon. Kwakhona kwimimandla esembindini weJamani nakwimpuma yeli lizwe, eNetherlands, eBelgium naseFransi, apho bahlala khona ebusika.
E-Spain nabo banobukho obukhulu, ezi ntaka zibonwa rhoqo kwii-archipelagos zaseSpain kunye ne-peninsulas ezijikelezwe yimigxobhozo, imithi emikhulu kunye neentaba. Into enokuthi ibonakale yahlukile kuyo yonke into echaziweyo kukuba i-moorhen idla ngokuzala kwiindawo ezikude nolwandle ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezili-1800 ngaphezu komgangatho wayo (eyayiyeyona ndawo iphakamileyo erekhodiweyo), iSpain ibe yindlwane enkulu kule ntlobo yokuvelisa ngamanani amakhulu. kunye nesiqalo sokufuduka kwakho.
Uninzi lwabo babonwa kumazwe akufuphi neSpain bazalelwa kwesi sizwe kwaye basasazwa kwezinye iindawo, olu hambo aluzange lube yingxaki enkulu kwiimoorhens kuba ukukwazi kwabo ukuziqhelanisa kukhulu ngokwenene, hayi baye baba njalo. echatshazelwa lutshintsho lwesakhiwo oluye lweza nenguquko yomntu. I-Itali lelinye ilizwe abahamba ngalo rhoqo kodwa kubonakala ngathi bakhetha indawo yokuhlala yeli lizwe xa ilixesha lokufukama.
Kwakuthethwa ngokufuduka kuba olu hlobo lwendalo luyafuduka lulodwa, luhlala luhamba nangona lunokuchitha ixesha elithile lumi kwindawo enye. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ezi ndawo apho zigcinwa khona ixesha elide kufuneka zibe namanzi angekho nzulu kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo ezijikelezayo, emanzini kusenokubakho amagqabi adadayo abanokuthi bahambe kuwo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko banokungena kwigadi yezindlu zabantu ukuba kukho amanzi aneleyo kuwo.