La umgaqo-nkqubo wokwandiswa kwemali Ngumxholo onomdla ngoku. Ukuba awuyazi ukuba yintoni okanye yintoni imiphumo yayo kuluntu, eli nqaku libalaseleyo lenzelwe wena, kuba siza kukubonisa umfanekiso opheleleyo wesi sihloko esikhulu ukuze ungabi nantandabuzo.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wokukhula koqoqosho.
Yintoni i-Expansionary Monetary Policy?
Okokuqala, kufuneka sicacise ukuba yintoni umgaqo-mali wezemali: umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali yintsimi ephuma kumgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho apho amaqumrhu afanelekileyo oqoqosho aqondisa imarike yemali ngokulawula ubuninzi bayo kunye nokuhamba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwezoqoqosho. Le migaqo-nkqubo isetyenziswa ngokweemfuno ezikhoyo ngelo xesha, ukuze ukungalingani ngakunye kube nokusonjululwa.
Ngoko ke, i umgaqo-nkqubo wokwandiswa kwemali Ngulo mgaqo-nkqubo wezemali onjongo yawo iphambili ikukwandisa ukwandiswa kokunikezelwa kwemali, oko kukuthi, ukwandisa ukuhamba kwemali ekhoyo kwiimarike. Oku kusebenza xa, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, isixa semali ejikelezayo sibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza amanyathelo okwandisa imali okuvumela ukukhula koqoqosho.
Ngokumalunga noku, iithiyori ezimbini eziphawulekayo zinokujongwa. Imodeli kaKeynes, kwelinye icala, imisela ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali okhulayo ubonisa ukuhla kwemilinganiselo yenzala, leyo, ukuba ngamaxabiso aphantsi, ithanda utyalo-mali lweshishini, nto leyo ebangela ukwanda kwemfuno ehlanganisiweyo, kwaye ke ngoko, i-midpoint idalwe phakathi. Ubonelelo kunye nemfuno yokuqala, kunye nezo ziveliswe ngumgaqo-nkqubo wemali owandisiweyo.
Ngokwahlukileyo, imodeli ye-monetarist icinga ukuba isenzo kufuneka sijoliswe kuzinzo phakathi kokuhamba kwemali kunye nemfuno, ngoko ke, umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali okhulayo awuyi kuvuselela ukusetyenziswa kuba iibhanki ziya kunciphisa iikhredithi zabo ukuze zigade umva wezoqoqosho kwixesha elizayo. imiqobo.
Kukho izinto ezininzi zokuphumeza umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisiweyo, phakathi kwazo ngamazinga enzala, umlinganiselo wemali ebekiweyo kunye nokusebenza kweemarike ezivulelekileyo.
Umgangatho wenzala
Inzala yemali-mboleko yileyo ichaza ixabiso lokuhlawula imali-mboleko, ezi zinqunywe yibhanki ephakathi kwimibutho yebhanki, enika iimali-mboleko zabo kubaxhasi kunye neenkampani. Ngolu lawulo, ibhanki ephakathi inokukhuthaza umgaqo-mali ngokulula, ekubeni, ngokunyusa izinga lenzala, amaqumrhu ebhanki kuya kufuneka enze okufanayo kubathengi bawo, kwaye kwenzeka into efanayo ukuba izinga lenzala liyancitshiswa, ekubeni. ukuba ixabiso eliphantsi libavumela ukuba banikele ngamaxabiso aphantsi.
Ngale ndlela, izinga lenzala ephantsi linika ukukhululeka okukhulu ekufumaneni imali mboleko kwaye uthe ukukhululeka kwandisa imfuno yemali, kwaye ngenxa yoko ukukhula kweemalike zemali kukhuthazwa, nto leyo ifunwa ukuba ifezekiswe. Ngoko ke, umlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokwandiswa komgaqo-nkqubo wemali kukwehla kwezinga lenzala.
Imisebenzi ngokungena kwe-accounting.
i-lace coefficient
Imisebenzi yebhanki esiyenzayo idla ngokumiselwa kwimali yebhanki, eneneni ilungeniso lweakhawunti. Oku kuthetha ukuba le misebenzi iqhutywa ngamaziko atshintshayo, kodwa ngaphandle kokuyeka ukuba yi-accounting entry, imali engamanzi iphathwa ngenye indlela.
Imali eziinkozo okanye imali ebekelwe bucala yipesenti yemali ekufuneka igcinwe ebhankini kwaye ayinakusetyenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi. Le yinxenye encinci egqitywe ngabasemagunyeni bezemali kwaye kufuneka izaliseke, oku kuthetha ukuba imali eninzi engafanelekanga ukuba ibe negalelo kuqoqosho kwaye, ngoko ke, imali encinci kwi-circulation.
Ngoko ke, umlinganiselo osisiseko wokuphumeza umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisiweyo kukunciphisa umlinganiselo wovimba, oku ukuze kugalelwe imali encinane kuwo, kwaye ube nepesenti ephezulu yeemali-mboleko kunye neentengiselwano nabathengi.
imisebenzi yemarike evulekileyo
Sithetha ngemisebenzi yeemarike ezivulekileyo xa kuziwa ekuthengeni i-asethi kunye nemisebenzi yokuthengisa eyenziwa yiBhanki Ephakathi. Ukulungiselela umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali onempumelelo, kukho imisebenzi yemalike evulekileyo esebenza njengeziseko zokulondoloza umgaqo-nkqubo oxeliweyo.
Kwindawo yokuqala, imisebenzi ephambili yenkxaso-mali, apho inqaku elilinganiselweyo ngaphambili ekunciphiseni izinga lenzala ngamabhanki aphakathi liboniswa ngendlela esisiseko. Kwaye ke, imisebenzi yesakhiwo, apho ibhanki ithenga iibhondi zikarhulumente kunye nempahla yezemali kwaye, ngenxa yomnikelo osebenzayo wemali, ithenga ityala likarhulumente; Imalunga nokufaka imali elizweni, nto leyo emele ukujikeleziswa okukhulu kwemali kwimarike.
Iziphumo zomgaqo-nkqubo wokwandiswa kwemali
Kufuneka kucaciswe kwangaphambili ukuba imiphumo yomgaqo-mali wokwandisa imali ayisoloko ibonakala ngokukhawuleza kwaye ayisoloko ilindeleke. Ukongezelela, ubungakanani bayo bunokuthi bubangele, njengawo nawuphi na umgaqo-nkqubo, kwiziganeko ezibi ukuba akwenziwanga ngokuchanekileyo kunye nesazela, oku kungenxa yokuba kuya kuhlala kukho izinto eziguquguqukayo ezenza ukuba ithiyori ingabi ichanekile njengesiqhelo.
Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukumisela ngokuchanekileyo ukuba zeziphi iziphumo eziveliswayo ngokusetyenziswa komgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisiweyo, ezinye izinto ezinokubakho zinokubonwa kwangaphambili ezisinika umbono wokuba lo mgaqo-nkqubo ujongana nenyani.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lunokuba nemiphumo emibi kwindlela esetyenziswa ngayo kwaye icinga ukunyuka kwexabiso lentengo, okungeyona into engenakwenzeka, ekubeni ukubeka umgaqo-nkqubo okhoyo kuphela ukwandisa imali ekujikelezeni kunokuvelisa ukwanda amaxabiso kwimarike. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo kwaye kumiselwe imida ethile yomgaqo-nkqubo ngokwawo.
Kwelinye icala, akunyanzelekanga ukuba kuhlale kuneziphumo ezibi ukuba abo babandakanyekayo bayazi ukuba bangazinzisa njani na izakhono zabo kuzinzo loqoqosho. Ukunyuka kokuhamba kwemali kuthetha ukuhla kwezinga lenzala kwaye kunika inani elikhulu lemali kubathengi.
Oku ke, kubonisa ukukhula kwinkcitho edibeneyo, amaxabiso, imveliso, kunye notyalo-mali lweshishini. Ngeli xesha, ubunzima buwela kwiinkampani kunye nendlela yabo yokujongana nemfuno entsha edibeneyo, kuba baya kufuna ukwanelisa ngaphandle kotyalo-mali olutsha ukwenzela ukuba amaxabiso agcinwe.
Ngale ndlela, umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisiweyo uya kubangela iziphumo ezingaqinisekanga ukuba uphunyezwe ngokungqongqo kwaye kungekhona kuhlalutyo olulungileyo lwemeko yezoqoqosho yangoku. Ukongezelela, kufuneka kube ngumsebenzi apho onke amaqela azinikele kwizinto ezilungileyo, kuphela ngale ndlela ukuphumelela ukuqinisekiswa.
Ukuba ubunomdla kweli nqaku, sinawo malunga Iibhondi eziConvertible Contingent (CoCoS) ukuba ungathanda Faka ikhonkco ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga nesi sixhobo sezemali kumaziko ebhanki, siqinisekile ukuba awuyi kuzisola.
