Imithi zizidalwa eziphilayo ezifuna ukukhathalelwa kakhulu ukugcina ukukhula kwazo zikwimeko efanelekileyo. Enye yale nkxalabo inxulumene nokuPrunwa kwemithi, oku kungumsebenzi onokuba nzima kwabaninzi, nangona kunjalo, akunjalo kwaye kufuneka ulandele uluhlu lwemiyalelo kuphela. Kweli nqaku, uya kufunda yonke into malunga nesi sihloko kunye nokunye. Qhubeka ufunda.
Ukuthena imithi
Umgaqo oqhelekileyo omele ulandelwe xa kunqunyulwa imithi kunye nezinye iindidi ze-conifers ezifana nezihlahla: "Ukuba awunaso isizathu esihle sokusika, musa." Uninzi lwemithi kunye namatyholo amile ngokwendalo kwaye anokuphucula kwaye ajongeke ngcono xa eshiywe yedwa. Uhlobo ngalunye lomthi lunemilo yalo okanye umkhwa wokukhula, kwaye xa uthenwa, kufuneka uzame ukuwugcina lo mkhwa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaxesha apho ukulinganisa okufanelekileyo kunye neenkqubo kufuneka zilandelwe.
Ukuthena kunokuyichaphazela njani imithi?
Xa ukuthenwa kwemithi kwenziwa ekupheleni kobusika nasekuqaleni kwentlakohlaza, phambi kokuba kuqale ukukhula, kunciphisa imveliso yamagqabi kunyaka olandelayo. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuna amanzi amancinci kunye nezondlo njengoko ukukhula kwesithsaba kuyancipha. Ngaloo ndlela, ingqwalasela esondeleyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwakhona kwiingcambu eziqinileyo ezingezantsi, ezibonelela ngesithsaba esincitshisiweyo, esibangela amahlumela anamandla, amnandi, akhula ngokukhawuleza.
Lo mphumo uvuselelayo ukhona kuwo wonke umthi, kodwa ubonakala ngokukodwa kumasebe athenwe kakhulu. Kwelinye icala, xa kuthenwa isebe, amagqabi amatsha avela kufuphi nendawo esikiweyo. Amahlumelo amatsha akholisa ukukhula kwicala elinye njengamahlumela ane-spiky. Ngaloo ndlela, ihlumelo elingaphakathi esebeni liya kukhula liye kumbindi womthi, yaye ihlumelo elijonge ngaphandle liya kuhluma kumbindi womthi.
Kutheni kufuneka kuthenwe imithi
Izizathu zokwenza ukuthenwa kwemithi zahlukene, ezinye zazo zichazwe ngezantsi:
- Xa ukwenza oku ngexesha lokutyala, ngokukhawuleza emva kokutshintshwa, izithsaba kufuneka zihlulwe ukuze zihlawule ukulahlekelwa kweengcambu kwaye ziqale ukwenza umthi. Oku akufuneki kudlule isinye kwisithathu sokukhula ngokupheleleyo kwesityalo.
- Ngokoqeqesho, ukuphuhlisa isakheko esomeleleyo sokumelana nemimoya, umthi kufuneka uthenwe ubuyele kumasebe ambalwa omelele abekwe kakuhle ngentla, ngaphantsi najikeleze isiqu. Nangona ukuba ufuna ukubonelela ngomthunzi ngamasebe aphuma kwi-trunk ekuphakameni kweemitha ezingaphezu kwe-1,6-2,4, kuyimfuneko ukusika amasebe aphantsi.
- Ngokukhethekileyo, ukuthenwa kufuneka kwenziwe ixesha elide njengoko umthi ukhula. Ukwenza yonke into ngexesha elinye kunokubangela umthi omncinci, obuthathaka ofuna umgudu. Ukuba uza kuthena yonke into ngexesha elinye, kungcono ukuthena amasebe asezantsi abe zizikhondo ezimfutshane. Ezi zikhondo ziya kususwa ekugqibeleni.
- Ukunikezelwa kwemeko yempilo yomthi, kuhle ukwazi ukuba idinga ukuthenwa: ukususa amasebe abuthathaka aphuma kwisiqu kwii-engile ezibukhali, ngokuwela amasebe okanye kwindawo enye kwisithsaba abakhuphisanayo ukususa amasebe anee-engile ezibukhali. ukulahlekelwa impilo eyaneleyo yokuphucula ukubonakala kwabo kunye nokuthintela ukungena kwezifo kunye nokusasazeka kwezinambuzane.
- Isebenza ekuvuseleleni imithi emidala ngokuthena inxalenye yecanopy yomthi, ukunciphisa indawo yamagqabi ekufuneka ihanjiswe yinkqubo yeengcambu. Ukukhula okunamandla kubangela amasebe aseleyo. Kwelinye icala, ikwanceda ekwandiseni ukujikeleza komoya emthini ukuze kuxhamle imithi kunye nokwandisa ukuhamba komoya kumhlaba. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukukhanya kwelanga kudlula emthini, nto leyo eluncedo ekukhuleni kwengca ngaphantsi.
- Okokugqibela, amasebe afileyo, aphukileyo, abuthathaka, okanye aphantsi angabeka ingozi ebantwini, kwizithuthi, okanye kwizakhiwo kufuneka asuswe.
izixhobo zokusebenza
Xa kuthenwa imithi, kuyimfuneko ukugcina engqondweni ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezisemgangathweni, njengoko oku kuqinisekisa umphumo wokugqibela. Izixhobo zokuthena ezisemgangathweni zenza wonke umahluko xa kuchetywa imithi namatyholo. Into eqhelekileyo esetyenziswayo kule nkqubo kukuthena iishears, ezinokuthi zenziwe ngesandla okanye zifakwe kwipali, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesarha yesandla kwezo ziphelo ezinkulu.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ii-chainsaws ziyakhawuleza kwaye zisebenza kakuhle, kodwa azenzi amanxeba acocekileyo, okukhokelela ekuphulukiseni amanxeba. Kwakhona, kufuneka ucinge ngeentlobo zeeshears, njengoko i-bypass ilungile kumasebe amancinci kwaye yenza ukusika okucocekileyo kune-anvil-action version. Kwelinye icala, kukwalungile ukuqaphela ukuba iisarha zokuthena imithi zixinene kwaye ziyilelwe ngokukodwa ukuthenwa okunzulu kwiindawo ezivaliweyo.
Inkqubo kwimithi enamagqabi avuthulukayo
Ngokuqhelekileyo, imithi evuthulukayo kunye nezihlahla kufuneka zithenwe xa zilele, ngokukhethekileyo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukukhula. Ngeli xesha, ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda kuya kuqala ngokukhawuleza kwaye kuya kukhawuleza. Ukuthena ngokungasebenziyo kuya kuba nefuthe elincinane ekukhuleni komthi kunokuthena xa umthi ukhula. Olunye uncedo lokuthena okuleleyo ngemithi evuthulukayo kukuba kulula ukukhetha ukuba ngawaphi amasebe omawawasuse xa amagqabi ephelile.
Amasebe afileyo kunye namasebe aswele amandla angathenwa phakathi ehlotyeni, xa kulula ukuwabona. Ngokuchaseneyo nomthetho wokuthena okuleleyo yimaple, birch, kunye neelm, ekufuneka ithenwe xa ikhuliswe ngenkuthalo phakathi ehlotyeni. Xa zithenwa ekuqaleni kwentlakohlaza, ezi ntlobo zingaphulukana nencindi eninzi. Kwakhona, i-maple kunye ne-birch pruning akufanele yenziwe kade kakhulu ekwindla, njengoko amanxeba akayi kuba nethuba lokupholisa kude kube sebusika.
Ngokwahlukileyo, iintlobo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-elms akufanele zigawulwe phakathi kwe-15 ka-Apreli no-Agasti 30 ukukhusela ukusasazeka kwesifo se-Dutch elm. Xa uthena imithi evuthulukayo, yenza ukuba onke amanxeba asondele kwaye angqamane nesiqu okanye i-crotch yomthi. Sekunjalo, ukuba ufuna ukunqanda ukonakalisa isebe eliphambili okanye isiqu xa usika amasebe amakhulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise indlela ye-3-step engezantsi:
- Ukunqunyulwa kokuqala kwenziwa phakathi kwesebe, umgama omfutshane ukusuka kwi-trunk efakwe kuyo.
- Ukusikwa okwesibini kwenziwa ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu, i-intshi ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ukusuka kwisebe ukusuka ekuqaleni. Ubunzima besebe buya kubangela ukuba kukhululwe kwaye siwe ngaphandle kokuphula i-bark.
- Ukunqunyulwa kwesithathu kunye nokugqibela kwenziwa ngokusondeleyo kwi-trunk ukuze ungashiyi isiqwenga. Xa ususa amasebe aphilayo okanye afileyo, kunqande ukusika izicubu ze-callus ezenziwe emazantsi esebe. Umthi awuyi kukwazi ukuphilisa ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kwesi zicubu ezikhulayo.
Inkqubo yokuthena kwimithi ehlala iluhlaza
Kolu hlobo lwezityalo, ukuthenwa kancinci kuyafuneka kwiimeko ezininzi. Ngeenjongo zokuthena, zimbini iintlobo zemithi ehlala iluhlaza eyaziwayo: leyo ivelisa amasebe ayo anjengespruce, ipine, nefir (conifers), kwaye kwelinye icala, imithi efana nejunipha kunye nemisedare engabonisi mkhuba we-whorl. . Uninzi lwemithi ekwiqela lokuqala ikhuliswa njengemithi ene-single-trunk, ebanika ukumila kwephiramidi.
Kule meko, ukususwa kwamasebe onke kuya kushiya izithuba kwaye kuya kufuneka ukuba kwenziwe kuphela ukuba isebe lifile okanye ligula. Kwelinye icala, inkqubo esetyenziswa kwezi ntlobo zezityalo okanye ukwahlulahlulwa kweentlobo zemithi ehlala ixesha elide ifanele iphelele ekunciphiseni ukukhula okutsha kwiincam zamasebe. Xa le ndlela yokuthena isenziwa minyaka le, isiphumo sinokuba kukwanda okubonakalayo kokuxinana kwemithi.
Iipinos
Kungcono ukuthena imipayina emininzi embindini wenyanga kaJuni phambi kokuba ithathe imilo yekhowuni yemveli. Ngeli xesha, ukukhula okutsha kubonakala kukhanya. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umhla wokugqibela uxhomekeke kunyaka kwaye unokwahluka ngonyaka. Xa la mahlumelo esiphelo ethambile, anokusikwa abuyele kwisiqingatha okanye kwisithathu sobude bawo. Oku kulawula ubude bokukhula okulandelayo kwelo xesha lonyaka. Amahlumelo amatsha e-terminal ayakuvela ekupheleni kwexesha lokukhula kwaye ukukhula konyaka ozayo kuya kusasazeka ukusuka kula manqaku.
Ispruce kunye neFirs
Ukuba uzama ukunqumla ukukhula kwamahlumela, i-spruce inokunqunyulwa ngokusika ihlumela ecaleni ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuthena kufuneka kwenziwe phakathi kuMeyi nasekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ukukhula kuya kuqhubeka kulo lonke ixesha lonyaka. Ukuthena ukuxinana kwezi ntlobo zemithi kwenziwa ngcono emva kokuba iindawo ezikhulayo zoluliwe. Ukulawula ukukhula, hlenga umva isiqingatha sophuhliso olutsha ekuqaleni kwentlakohlaza, njengoko lunwenwele. Oku kuya kwandisa ukuxinana kwemithi.
Umsedare kunye nejunipha
Kuzo zonke iintlobo zemithi enophuhliso oluvumela ukuba babe nobomi obude, kunye nokukhula okugudileyo, njengejuniper kunye nemisedare, uchungechunge oluthile lokusikwa lunokusetyenziswa kumahlumela amatsha, ngokukhethekileyo ukususela ekuqaleni kwexesha. kuthiwa, phakathi entwasahlobo okanye ngoJuni. Ukuthena amasebe anamandla kanye okanye kabini ngexesha lonyaka kuya kunceda ukugcina isityalo singakhuli okanye siphuhlise ngaphandle kokutshabalalisa inkangeleko yaso yendalo.
Amasebe etheminali onakeleyo
Ukuba i-terminal spruce okanye i-pine branch yonakaliswe nangayiphi na indlela kwaye kufuneka isuswe, isebe elisecaleni kufuneka libekwe endaweni yalo. Isebe eliqinileyo kufuneka likhethwe kwisithsaba esiphezulu kwaye liboshwe ngokucophelela kwi-bar njengomzila wesitimela. Malunga neesentimitha ezili-17 zamasebe aseleyo esithsaba kufuneka zisikwe ukwalathisa ukukhula okongeziweyo kumqhubi omtsha. Xa kukho iinkokeli ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, zonke ngaphandle kwezona zomeleleyo zifanele zisuswe xa umthi usemncinane ngokwentelekiso.
Ukuthena ukukhusela intsimi
Ukunqunyulwa kwebhanti lesihlalo kwenziwa ngezizathu ezithathu. Amasebe afileyo, agulayo, okanye awonakaliswe sisiphango ayasuswa ngenxa yokhuseleko, inkangeleko, kunye nezizathu zokulawula izifo. Okwesibini, amasebe aphazamisana neentambo zombane, ukusebenza koomatshini, okanye abeka isisongelo kwipropati amele asuswe. Ekugqibeleni, ukuthenwa kwenziwa ukuphucula ukubonakala kwebhanti yokuhlala ngokususa ukufunxa kunye nokuphazamisa okanye ukusabalalisa amasebe.
Ngokungafani nemithi yomthunzi, ethenwayo ukuze kugxininiswe ukumila kwayo, amasebe asezantsi eebhanti zokhuselo kufuneka asuswe kuphela ukuba ubuninzi be-windbreak bufuna ukutshintshwa. Ixesha elicetyiswayo lokuthena kusebusika okanye entlakohlaza ukunciphisa umonakalo wosulelo. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni, kunokuba lula ukuthena kubude behlobo, xa imithi izele ngamagqabi, ukufumana lula amasebe afileyo okanye abuthathaka.
I-solstice yasehlotyeni ikwalithuba lokugawula imithi efana ne-maple kunye ne-birch. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthenwa akufanele kwenziwe ekwindla kade, njengoko amanxeba angenalo ithuba lokupholisa ngaphambi kobusika. Ukuthenwa kwamasebe angenampilo kunokwenziwa nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka njengoko kungachaphazeli izicubu eziphilayo. Xa uthenwa, hlola umthi phambi kokuwuthena ukuze ukhethe amasebe aza kusebenza njengesona sakhiwo somthi. Yenza zonke iinqumlo ziqine kwaye zihambelane ne-torso.
Xa ucheba iindawo ezinezifo, susa ubuncinci ii-intshi ezi-6 zeempawu zesifo, oku kuthetha ukubuyela kwisebe elisecaleni okanye kwisiqu somthi esiphilayo. Ukuze ugweme ukulimaza isebe eliphambili okanye i-trunk xa usika amasebe amakhulu, oku kulandelayo kucetyiswa: Ukunqunyulwa kokuqala kwenziwa inxalenye yesebe elingezantsi, umgama omfutshane ukusuka kwisebe okanye i-trunk eqhotyoshelwe kuyo. Emva koko kwenziwa ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu, i-intshi ezi-2-3 ngaphezu kwesebe. Ubunzima besebe bubangela ukuba likhululeke kwaye liwe ngaphandle kokuphulwa kwexolo.
Ekugqibeleni, kwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo ukugungxulwa kunye nelungu okanye i-torso ukunqanda ukushiya iqhekeza. Kwangaxeshanye, kubalulekile ukuphepha ukusika amalungu okanye isiqu sakho. Ukushiya indawo encinci eveziweyo kunokuvumela ukusikwa ukuba kuphole ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba xa ususa amasebe afileyo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ungagawuli izicubu ze-callus ezenziwe kwisiseko sesebe ngendlela yokuba izicubu eziphilayo zingabonakali.
Qinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zikwimeko elungileyo ukufumana amanxeba acocekileyo nabukhali. Xa ususa izinto ezigulayo, izixhobo kufuneka zihlanjululwe kwi-disinfected kwi-Javex okanye isisombululo sotywala phakathi kokusikwa nganye. Kukwalungile ukwazi ukuba ukubopha amanxeba omthi ngumxholo ophikisanayo. Nangona ama-bandages ekhusela ekungeneni kwamanzi, izifo, kunye nezinambuzane, nazo zithintela inkqubo yokuphilisa.
Xa isetyenziswa, enye yeemveliso ezininzi zorhwebo ifunyanwa. Musa ukusebenzisa imibala eqhelekileyo. Ukuthenwa kwesondlo kufuneka kwenziwe ngendlela yokuba ubume bendalo bomthi bukwazi ukulandelelwa okanye bubuyiselwe ngelixa amasebe afileyo, agulayo, aphukileyo nawelayo esuswa. Susa kuphela into eyimfuneko ukugcina amabhanti esihlalo efanelekile kuwo onke amanqanaba. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ukhuphe ngaphezu kwe-25 pesenti yesakhono semveliso yomthi ngexesha elinye lonyaka.
Ukuthenwa kwemithi ukulungisa umonakalo wekhephu
Izixa ezigqithisileyo zekhephu kunye nomkhenkce zingonakalisa zonke iintlobo zemithi efunyenweyo. Ngelishwa, ngaphambi kokuba izaqhwithi zifike, akukho nto ingako enokwenziwa ukuthintela umonakalo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokunyamekelwa kakuhle, imithi eyonakeleyo inokuphinda ibuyiselwe. Iindidi ezininzi zemithi zisesichengeni ngakumbi sokonakala komkhenkce nekhephu kunezinye. Imithi ethambileyo, elukhuni efana neManitoba maple, i-elm yaseSiberia, ipoplar, ibhirch, kunye nomngcunube inokonakaliswa kanobom ngumkhenkce nekhephu.
Imithi yeConiferous ayinako ukonakala; nangona kunjalo, i-low-growing, i-multi-stemmed evergreens, efana nejuniper, ivame ukuqhekeka okanye isasazeka phantsi kobunzima bekhephu. Xa kukho ubuninzi bekhephu kunye nomkhenkce kumasebe omthi, amanyathelo amaninzi anokuthathwa ukukhusela umonakalo. Ngenxa yokuba i-ice sheets inokongeza ukuya kuma-40 ubunzima besebe, ukususwa komkhenkce okungafanelekanga okanye ukususwa kwekhephu kudla ngokunyusa umonakalo.
Amasebe anomkhenkce kufuneka axhaswe ngezinto ezifanelekileyo kwaye athintele umkhenkce ukuba ungawi emasebeni apho unokuqhawuka khona. Ikhephu inokususwa ngononophelo ukuba ayifaki iqhwa kumasebe. Wakuba wenzekile umonakalo, imithi kufuneka ijongwe ngononophelo ukuze kubonwe ubungakanani bomonakalo. Ukuba umonakalo awubanzi kwaye umthi ufanele ugcinwe, ukuthenwa okufanelekileyo okanye ukulungiswa kwemithi echaphazelekayo kufuneka kwenziwe.
I-crotch eqhekezayo inokubotshwa kwaye ibanjwe kwindawo ngentambo ephuma kwi-torso ukuya kwilungu. Ukomeleza ngakumbi ukulungiswa, izikrufu ezinewasha kufuneka zifakwe kwindawo yesikhewu rhoqo ngeesentimitha ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo ecaleni kwesithuba. Ukuba umonakalo womkhenkce kunye nekhephu uxhaphakile kwindawo yakho, kusenokuba sengqiqweni ukuqwalasela ukuthenwa okuthintelweyo kwemithi yomzekelo omhle. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana amasebe anamalungu abuthathaka okanye abuthathaka ngenxa yezifo okanye izinambuzane, olu hlobo lokuthena luyimfuneko.
Ukuba ulithandile eli nqaku lokucheba umthi kwaye ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nezinye izihloko ezinomdla, ungajonga la makhonkco alandelayo: