El UPico de Orizaba Yintaba-mlilo engasebenziyo emi kweyona ntaba iphakamileyo eMexico kwaye yeyona ntaba-mlilo iphakamileyo kuMntla Melika, ugqabhuko-dubulo lwembali luyenze yayinto eqhumayo ephakathi kunye nokuchitheka kwelava okuchukumisa ngokwenene. ! Siyakumema ukuba ufunde ngakumbi ngesi sihloko apha!
Yintoni iPico de Orizaba?
Yeyona ndawo iphakamileyo eMexico kwaye kwangaxeshanye yeyona ntaba-mlilo iphakamileyo kuMntla Merika, inyuka iye kuthi ga kwi-5636 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle ekupheleni kwempuma yeSierra Volcánica Transversal.
Okwangoku, i-volcano ayisebenzi, kodwa ayipheli, ukuqhuma kwayo kokugqibela kwenzeka ngo-1687. I-Orizaba yindawo ethandwa ngabakhenkethi, njengoko amawaka abakhenkethi batyelela le ndawo minyaka yonke, abaninzi babo bakhwela phezulu kwi-volcano.
Incopho yeOrizaba, njengenxalenye ye-Sierra Madre, yenza umqobo phakathi kwamathafa aselunxwemeni lweGulf of Mexico kunye neendawo eziphakamileyo zaseMexico, intaba-mlilo ivalela ukufuma kwiGulf of Mexico ngenxa yokugcwala kombindi weMexico kwaye ichaphazela imozulu yazo zombini iindawo . Zombini iVeracruz kunye nePuebla zixhomekeke kwi-Orizaba kumanzi amatsha, owona mlambo mkhulu owenzeka kwintaba-mlilo yiRío Hamap.
Izixhobo
Amaqondo obushushu eTropiki axhaphakile kumathambeka asezantsi ePico de Orizaba, edala kwaye egcina indawo yokuhlala yamahlathi ashinyeneyo ehlala iifern zemithi, iihornbeams, iiorchids, philodendron, iinkuni eziqinileyo zetropikhi, kunye nemidiliya, kunye neentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana.
Kukho iindawo ezidliwayo kunye namahlathi kwindawo ehlala igawulwa ngabagawuli bemithi yendawo, ukunyuka kumathambeka e-Orizaba, ihlathi elibandayo lepayini, i-oki, imithi ye-beech kunye ne-sweet gum, apho iiflora kunye nezilwanyana zisezinyaweni zakho, ezo zisetyenziswayo. kwiimozulu ezibandayo ezihlala kuzo.
Amagatsha epineyini ahlanganiswe ne-lichens, i-bromeliads, i-orchids, i-mosses, i-cacti, i-ferns kunye ne-aroids, ngaphezu kweli nqanaba kukho indawo yokuhlala ebandayo, engenamthi kunye namatye, ngelixa inqanaba eliphezulu libonakaliswa yi-snowy peak of Orizaba.
Igama lakho lokuqala kwaye lithetha ukuthini?
Abemi bokuqala babiza ngokuba yiPoyautécatl, eguqulela ngokuthi "intaba efikelela emafini".
Intsingiselo yalo ngesiNahuatl
Igama layo lama-Aztec laliyiCitlaltepetl, elithetha "iNtaba yeenkwenkwezi".
«Igama elithi Citlaltépetl alisetyenziswanga ngabantu abathetha isiNahuatl kwingingqi ye-Orizaba, iCitlaltépetl ivela kwi-Nahuatl citlalli (inkwenkwezi) kunye ne-tepētl (iintaba) ezithetha "intaba yeenkwenkwezi"
Kukholelwa ukuba eli gama lisekwe kwinto yokuba iincochoyi ezigqunywe likhephu zinokubonwa kumakhulu eekhilomitha unyaka wonke kulo mmandla, ngexesha lobukoloniyali, intaba-mlilo yayikwaziwa njengeCerro de San Andrés ngenxa yelali. kufutshane neSan Andrés Chalchicomula esekwe kuyo.
Igama lesithathu liye labhalwa, i-Poyauhtecatl, elithetha "lowo onombala okanye okhanyayo", eli gama linikwe yiTlaxcaltecs kwinkumbulo yelizwe elilahlekileyo.
Ubunzulu bomngxuma wayo
I-crater iziimitha ezingama-300 (i-1,000 leenyawo) ubunzulu kwaye ibonakala ngokucacileyo kumkhenkce ojikelezileyo kunye nekhephu eligqunywe likhephu, ukuqukuqela kodaka lwentaba-mlilo okuninzi kunabela emacaleni entaba-mlilo, enziwa ukuba kubonakale lula ukupholisa kwenduli ecaleni kwamacala entaba-mlilo. amacala, aziwa ngokuba ngamadama okuqukuqela.
Ukuqhuma kokugqibela
Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwembali luye lwabandakanya umsebenzi wokuqhuma okuphakathi kunye nokuchithwa kwe-lava flows, ukuqhuma kokugqibela kwe-volcano ye-Pico de Orizaba yayiyiminyaka ye-1545, i-1566, i-1630 kunye ne-1687 ngokuqhubekayo.
okokuqala ukunyuka
Ngo-1839, uHenry Galeotti waba ngowokuqala waseYurophu ukuhlola intaba-mlilo, kodwa akazange anyukele phezulu, ngexesha lokuhlala kweMelika eMexico ngo-1848, amajoni amabini aseMerika, uF. Maynard noWilliam F. Reynolds, babengabahambi bokuqala abaziwayo. ukufikelela kwincopho ye-Orizaba.
Ngasekupheleni kwaloo nyaka, umhloli wamazwe ongumFrentshi uAlejandro Doignon naye wafika encochoyini, intaba ngokuqinisekileyo yayikhe yanyukwa ngaphambili ngabemi balapha abangazange babhale impumelelo yakhe kuwo nawaphi na amaxwebhu akhoyo.
Umkhenkce
Incopho yeOrizaba Yaziwa njengenye yeentaba-mlilo ezifumaneka eMexico ezisaxhasa umkhenkce kwaye emva koko yindawo yokuhlala yeyona ndawo inkulu yomkhenkce eMexico, iGran Glaciar Norte. IOrizaba enemikhenkce elithoba edumileyo:
- Umkhenkce oMkhulu waseMantla.
- ulwimi Chichimeco.
- eJamapa.
- Inkunzi yenkomo.
- La Barba Glacier.
- Emantla Ntshona.
- Western.
- Umzantsi-ntshona.
- EMpuma.
Icala elingasentshona leGreat North Glacier livelisa imikhenkce emihlanu, ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, ezimbini zokuqala, iGlaciar del Toro kunye neGlaciar de la Barba, zixhonywe emaweni okanye kwimikhenkce yomkhenkce, ifikelele encotsheni yeentaba ezinkulu zelava. kwi-4.930 m kunye ne-5.090 m, ngokulandelelanayo.
Nangona i-Great Northern Glacier ice sheet igutyungelwe likhephu, kuyenzeka ukuba ubone zonke iindawo zomkhenkce ezisixhenxe kumda osentshona womkhenkce, ngakumbi iJamapa Glacier kunye neWestern Glacier.
I-XNUMXth intaba ende kwiplanethi ngokuduma
I-Pico de Orizaba yeyona ndawo iphakamileyo eMexico, yenye yezona ntaba-mlilo ezisixhenxe ezinkulu emhlabeni, zigqithise kuphela ukuphakama kwe-Kilimanjaro e-Afrika, ixesha lokugqibela ugqabhuko-dubulo lwarekhodwa ngo-1687. Kwaye lukwi-16. emhlabeni ngokubekwa yedwa kweendawo.
Ukunyuka kulungele wonke umntu ofuna ukuqala ukunyuka iintaba, apho uya kukwazi ukuziva ukwimeko yokuphakama kwenye yeentaba. Iintaba phezulu, ukunyuka akufuneki ukuba usebenzise iintambo kwaye awudingi ukwazi ubuchule bokukhwela, kufuneka ube sesimweni esihle somzimba.
Malunga neekhilomitha ezili-110 kwintshona yezibuko laseVeracruz, incopho yayo ibonakala kwiinqanawa ezisondela kwizibuko elikwiNyoba yaseMexico yaye ekuphumeni kwelanga imitha yeSunstroke Pico ngoxa iVeracruz isethunzini.
Iphi iPico de Orizaba?
Ifumaneka kwicala elingasempuma kudederhu lweentaba ezinqamlezileyo zeVolcanic Axis, kumda wamazwe amanyeneyo aseVeracruz nasePuebla, intaba-mlilo ayisebenzi ngoku, kodwa ayipheli; ugqabhuko-dubulo lokugqibela lwenzeka ngo-1687 kwaye yincopho yesibini enkulu yentaba-mlilo ehlabathini emva kwe-Kilimanjaro e-Afrika.
Ingakanani?
Incopho yeOrizaba yeyona ntaba iphakamileyo eMexico, iphakamela kuma-5636 eemitha eziziimitha ezili-18,491 kudederhu lweentaba zeCordillera Neovolcanica, inodumo lwendalo oluyi-4922 m (16148 iinyawo).
Loluphi uhlobo lwentaba-mlilo?
Le ntaba-mlilo imile kodwa ayipheli kwaye ugqabhuko-dubulo lokugqibela lwenzeka ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, yincopho yesibini yentaba-mlilo eyaziwayo ehlabathini emva kwe-Kilimanjaro yaseAfrika.
Ithini imbali kaPico de Orizaba?
Le ncopho yeenkcubeko ze-Hispanic yayiyeyona ibalulekileyo kwaye ibalulekile kwaye iyinxalenye yeentsomi ezininzi zemveli. Ngexesha lokoyisa iSpanishi eMexico, uHernán Cortés wadlula kumathambeka ePico de Orizaba, intaba-mlilo kunye neentaba zenza uhambo lwakhe oluya eTenochtitlán lwaba nzima ngakumbi kwaye lwalibazisa iintsuku ezininzi, ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, isithsaba saseSpain Wasigubungela. iindlela ezininzi ukuze baphephe Citlaltépetl.
Enye yeendlela eziphambili zasiwa emazantsi entaba-mlilo kwizixeko zaseOrizaba naseFortín de las Flores, eyathi yaba yeyona ndlela yorhwebo phakathi kweMexico City kunye neVeracruz kunxweme lweGulf, indlela emfutshane yakhiwa kamva ngamaJesuit ukuphuhlisa iikoloni. isiseko sePico de Orizaba.
AmaSpanish asebenzisa intaba-mlilo njengendawo yokubhekisa ekuqhubeni ukuya kwizibuko laseVeracruz, amadabi amaninzi aye alwelwa kufutshane nale ntaba-mlilo kulo lonke umlo wokuzimela geqe eMexico.
NgoDisemba 16, 1936, uMongameli Lázaro Cárdenas, ezama ukukhusela ubuhle bendalo bePico de Orizaba, wenza ipaki yelizwe enommandla oziihektare ezingama-19,750 48,800 (iihektare ezingama-4 1937), eyayiquka intaba-mlilo enendawo eyingqongileyo Ukuhlaliswa kweTlachichuca, uCiudad Serdan, uLa Perla, uMariano Escobedo kunye neCalcaualco, ummiselo we-federal waba nguMthetho we-Federal kaJanuwari XNUMX, XNUMX.
ukunyuka kunye nokuphumla
Incopho yeOrizaba ngumtsalane odumileyo wabafundi abachwepheshile nabangabaziyo, njengoko le ntaba-mlilo ineendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezinokunyuswa, elona xesha lixakekileyo lonyaka liphakathi kuka-Oktobha ukuya kuMatshi, xa imozulu ivuma; iqondo lobushushu alitshintshi kakhulu ngenyanga, ngenxa yokuba kwitropics kwaye ukusuka kuApril ukuya kuSeptemba Imozulu yemvula kwingingqi.
