Ukusukela kwezona zithethe zamandulo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abalinganiswa basentsomini babamba ingcamango yomntu. Uxanduva lwezinto ezingenakusombululwa ziye zawela phezu kwabo ixesha elide, nokuba kukufa, uthando, ubuhle, inzondo, yonke into iwela kubalinganiswa basentsomini. KwiGrisi yamandulo, yonke into eyayingenangcaciso yayinikwa ingcaciso yobuthixo.
Amaqhawe adumileyo kunye nabalinganiswa basentsomini
Kukho inani elikhulu labalinganiswa beentsomi, kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba siya kujongana kuphela nezona zidumileyo, ezi zi-protagonists kunye neentshatsheli ze-mythology. Baziwa ngokubanzi ngezenzo zabo, kwaye ngokwenkcubeko bachaza uluntu oludume ngenkqubela phambili yenkcubeko, yezopolitiko kunye nentlalontle. Le ntsomi ivela kwiGrisi yamandulo, eyayigqalwa njengesiqalo senkcubeko kunye nedemokhrasi. Ukuba ufuna ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho malunga neentsomi zabanye abantu ungalandela eli khonkco lilandelayo, imvelaphi yendalo yonke ngokwe mayans.
ISaga yempucuko EGrisi, iquka iindidi ezininzi ezimangalisayo zamaqumrhu; phakathi kwezi singafumana izithixo, isemi-deities, abalinganiswa abangamaqhawe kunye nezidalwa ezimangalisayo. Aba balinganiswa basentsomini babeqondwa amandla, nangaphezu kobomi nokufa.
Aba balinganiswa babehlala kwindawo enkulu, eyakhula ngokuqhubekayo, iba nkulu kunayo. EGrisi, edlula kwiinqaba ezinkulu zezithixo ezisemkhenkceni INtaba iOlimpus nokufikelela ezinzulwini zesihogo. Bonke aba balinganiswa basentsomini baye bondla abantu abaninzi, nanamhlanje.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha amabali asentsomini ka EGrisi, yaqalisa ukuba yinxalenye yenkcubeko nentelekelelo yaseYurophu; Ngaloo ndlela, iintsomi namabali abo asasazeka ehlabathini lonke, ngokuvisisana nempembelelo yaseYurophu kwamanye amazwekazi.
Izidalwa zasentsomini zamaGrike
Izidalwa zasentsomini zenkcubeko ye EGrisi, babenamandla angenakuthelekiswa nanto namandla angaphezu kwawemvelo; ngokwasemzimbeni zazifana nabantu. Indlela abasabela ngayo nendlela ababesebenzisa ngayo yayinxulumene neminqweno enjengokuthandabuza namathandabuzo, intabatheko, babenekratshi okanye akunjalo, bade babenomnqweno wokuziphindezela. Ngamafutshane, babechatshazelwa yiminqweno neemvakalelo ezifanayo nezomntu.
Ngalo lonke ixesha babenqwenela njalo, ezi zithixo zaziphuma ngaphandle INtaba iOlimpus, yaye ngale ndlela bangenelela kwizenzo nemiphumo echaphazela abantu; ngoxa oothixo babengafi, abantu babenokufa. Ngokunxulumene naba bamva, nokuba ngamadoda okanye abasetyhini, njengabakhokeli, abakhuphisanayo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha njengabathandi.
Àbafuna zinkohliso, namilingo, engazifihlanga; basuka bayenza imisebenzi yabo, baza abantu bayamkela. Amaxesha amaninzi babeceba ngobudubedube, bevelisa ukubhideka ebantwini, kodwa yayiyeyona nto babeyenza ukubhidanisa. Yayingabalinganiswa basentsomini ababangel’ umdla.
Abalinganiswa basentsomini kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo babenobudlelwane obuhle kwaye kwakungakhathaliseki ukuba ezinye iziganeko azinakubonakaliswa. Izithixo zazizithanda izenzo ezinesidima nembonakaliso yentobelo. Abantu abazenze inqambi, okanye abathe bawisa ityala okanye bathuka uthixo, babenikwa umzekelo kunye nesohlwayo esiqatha.
Iinkolelo zempucuko yamaGrike yamandulo ziye zagcinwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngenxa yembali yayo. Nkqu ezi ntsomi nezintsomi zinefuthe kwintelekelelo edumileyo. Ngale ndlela, ubunamhlanje buhlala bunamabali ngandlel’ ithile aba balinganiswa basentsomini.
Zeus
Zeus Unguthixo wesibhakabhaka nongukumkani woothixo bezizwe OlimpoNgamafutshane, uthixo owongamileyo. Kwakhona wayegqalwa njengoyise wazo zonke izithixo nabantu, nangona ngengqiqo yokuba ngumgadi kungekhona umbhali okhawulezayo. kwabizwa kwakhona Izilwanyana zezilwanyana, kuba yandisa amandla ezilwanyana kangangoko ibifuna.
Njengoko sele kutshiwo, wayeyinkosi yesibhakabhaka nemvula, umdali wamafu awayewalawula ngombane wakhe owoyikekayo kwitrone yakhe yegolide, esinye sezona zixhobo zinamandla ehlabathini. Olimpo. Eyona njongo yakhe yokulwa yayiyi aegis (isikrweqe) awamnika sona Athena, intaka yakhe yayilukhozi nemithi yalo, um-oki nom-oki we<em>holm, yomibini imifuziselo yokomelela.
Abazali be Zeus yayiyi titan chrono kunye Titan Rhea, yaye sasinabazalwana abaninzi ababalulekileyo abanjengaba: Poseidon, iHadesi, iHestia, iDemeter y zekhompyutha. Bonke aba balinganiswa abadumileyo basentsomini.
Zeus saqala isizukulwana sababizwa ngokuba ngoothixo Olimpo wayimisa yonke intendelezo yoothixo nezithixokazi ezibe zimi kuyo. Amandla akhe aphikiswa nangumbutho Gigantes kunye ne imithwalo, nangona kunjalo, ekugqibeleni wakwazi ukwenza iqela lakhe loyise.
I-Gigantomachy
Los Gigantes yenza iinzame zokuqala zokususa esihlalweni Zeuskubizwa I-Gigantomachy. Le mpikiswano eshushu phakathi Zeus kunye Gigantes, izidalwa ezibukhulu kakhulu, njengoko igama labo libonisa, ezineentloko nemilenze engamashumi amahlanu, yayiziintshaba ze Zeus. Aba ngabalinganiswa basentsomini abanokuziphatha okumnyama noko.
Kwabakho ungquzulwano nothi Gigantes noothixo be I-Olympus. Le mfazwe yoyiswa ngu Gigantes kwaye bazuza ukongama ixesha elide. Kodwa, ngemigudu emikhulu, oothixo bayishiya loo ndlu Yiputa apho babalekele khona, ngaphandle nje Dionisio, kwaye ngoncedo lwe Hercules (Noel Hercules iqhawe sonke siyazi) woyisa i Gigantes.
Noko ke, kwaqalisa ixesha lolwaphulo-mthetho ehlabathini apho oozwilakhe nookumkani balisebenzisa ngokungekho sikweni lonke igunya labo. Njengesohlwayo, Zeus wagqiba kwelokuba athumele unogumbe ukuba aphelise uluntu, kwasinda kuphela Ulawulo nomfazi wakhe, owakwaziyo ukumdala kwakhona. Esinye seziganeko eziphawulekayo kwiintsomi kukuzalwa kwe Zeus.
UCrono, ukuze athintele nawuphi na kubantwana bakhe ukuba angamshenxisi esihlalweni, wabaqwenga njengoko babezalwa. Nangona kunjalo, embi udiniwe kukufa okungaka, xa wazalwa Zeus walisongela ilitye, walinika uCrono, owabahlanzayo abazalwana bakhe kunye nelitye. Ukuqala ngolu hlobo imbali yaba balinganiswa basentsomini.
Yileyo ndlela Zeus kunye nabanye oonyana baka Chrono, baba ngabaphumeleleyo kwimfazwe eyaqala, ngokuchasene ne IiTitans. Aba bagxothelwa enzonzobileni IsiTartar, kwindawo enzulu kakhulu ukuze bangabi nakusinda. Ukusukela ngoko, Zeus, Poseidon y IHayidesi umyalelo welizwe kwabelwana ngawo.
Minotaur
iincinci wayeyinzala yothixo okhankanywe ngasentla kunye Europe, yaye phakathi kwezalamane zakhe kwakukho uRhadamanthus noSarpedon. ukusuka kwimetropolis ye IKnossos, kwisiqithi saseKrete, iziqithi ezininzi zoLwandle lweAegean zazenza ithanga, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kubekho impucuko. Njengomlinganiswa wasentsomini uyoyikeka kancinane.
Ukomeleza isizinda sakho iincincicela uncedo kwizithixo. Ukumkani uyabuza Poseidon ukuze athumele kuye inkunzi yenkomo eya kubingelelwa kuthixo weelwandle. Kwaye ngoko wayeza kubonisa ukuba oothixo ecaleni kwakhe.
PoseidonWamthumelela inkunzi yenkomo emhlophe ukuba ibingelelwe egameni lakhe. iincinci akazange avume ukwenza eso senzo waza ezama ukuqhatha uthixo, wanikela ngayo nayiphi na enye inkunzi yenkomo. Ngoko ke, ngomnqweno kathixo we Mar, ilishwa lajinga phezu kosapho lwakhe: umfazi wakhe, Pasiphae, wathandana nenkunzi yenkomo; iintombi zabo UPhaedra y Ariadne, babandezeleka kwimicimbi yothando eyoyikekayo; nabanye babantwana bakhe, i-android, wafa ngaphambi kwexesha.
imvelaphi yerhamncwa
Poseidon, yenza inkunzi yenkomo ibe sisilwanyana esinomsindo nesingenakoyiswa, ibangela umonakalo ebukumkanini be iincinci. Kodwa impindezelo yakhe yayingekagqibi, ngoncedo luka Aphrodite, Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, wenza Pasiphae, umfazi iincinci, uthandane nenkunzi yenkomo.
Ukumkanikazi uzama ukusondela kwinkunzi yenkomo entle, engavumiyo ukuncwasa Pasiphae. Eqhutywa luthando lwakhe ngesilwanyana, ufuna oko Dédalo Mncede aluhle inkunzi yenkomo enkulu. Umqambi wokudala unombono ongaqhelekanga; yenza umfanekiso wenkomo eyenziwe ngesikhumba nangemithi, kunye negumbi apho yayiza kuhlala khona Pasiphae kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukumkanikazi wakwazi ukugqibezela umanyano lwakhe nenkunzi yenkomo iincinci.
Ukusuka kolu manyano lucekisekayo, i Minotaur, isidalwa esisiqingatha sendoda nesiqingatha senkomo. Ukuzalwa kweli rhamncwa likhohlakeleyo, kwazisa impindezelo enkulu kukumkani iincinci. Eselusana, wakhuliswa ngunina, kodwa njengoko wayekhula, ukuziphatha kwakhe nezilwanyana nogonyamelo kwakungasalawuleki.
ikamva le Minotaur
Ikumkani iincinci, uyayalela Dédalo ukwakha labyrinth enkulu, apho eyoyikekayo Minotaur bavalelwe. I-labyrinth yaba yindawo yokuhlala ye-monster enezothe, eyayisedolophini IKnossos en IKrete.
Kwahamba ixesha kwaye abantu, amadoda kunye nabasetyhini, bathatyathwa ukuba bahlaselwe Minotaur. Aba bantu bathatyathwa basiwa kwi-labyrinth, apho babhadula khona iintsuku ezininzi. Zonke iindlela ze-labyrinth ezidumileyo zaphela embindini, apho i-monster yashiywa kwaye yabadla.
Ixesha emva i-android, nyana ka iincinci, babeze eAthene ukuze babe nenxaxheba kwimidlalo ye IPanateneas; ukoyisa yonke imingeni kunye nabakhuphisana nabo. Esi senzo sacaphukisa I-Aegean, ukumkani we Atenas, ngoko wambongoza ukuba axhele inkunzi yenkomo Marathon; esazi ukuba ikamva lakhe liya kuphoswa ngolo hlobo.
Inkunzi yenkomo yagqibela ngokubulala i-android Kwanele oko kukumkani iincinciwabhengeza imfazwe kubo bonke abantu baseAtene. bangene Ishukumisa, apho wathabatha isixeko sase Megara, eyona ibalulekileyo kummandla. I-Athene yanikezela, kwaye kwathiwa i-oracle yaseDelphi yayicebise ukuba i-Athene inike irhafu kuKumkani uMinos ngokunikezela.
iincinci, bayamkela iminikelo, yaye ngamaxesha athile Atenas, wayeza kuthumela abafana abalishumi elinesine, abasixhenxe kwisini ngasinye, ukuba IKrete; bonke babetshixiwe kwilabyrinth, apho i Minotaur wazitya. Le yenye yeentlekele ezinkulu zehlabathi labalinganiswa basentsomini.
Ukufa kwe Minotaur
Kwiminyaka kamva, Ezi, nyana ka I-Aegean, wayeza kuzithathela kuye uthumo lokubulala Minotaur; ukukhulula ilizwe lakhe ngale ndlela, hayi kuphela kwi Minotaur, kodwa nakwimpembelelo yokumkani iincinci.
Ezi Wajoyina iqela labantu abatsha, ababeza kuya eKrete apho wazinikela khona kwi-labyrinth ye Minotaur. en IKrete zazamkela intombi yokumkani iincinci, I-Ariadna, owathi ngoko nangoko wamthanda Ezi. Inkosazana yanikela Ezi kodwa akavuma, kuba injongo yakhe ibikukubulala Minotaur.
Emva koko I-Ariadna, wagqiba kwelokuba alincede, kwimeko yokuba lakuba lifile irhamncwa, kwakufuneka alikhuphe IKrete umse kuye Atenas ukumenza umfazi wakhe. I-Ariadna uceliwe ukuba Dédalo, isisombululo semaze. Oku kwamcacisela ukuba ekuphela kwendlela yokuphuma kukusebenzisa ibhola yomsonto, ekufuneka eyibophe kwisango le maze ukuze akhumbule indlela ebuyayo.
Ezi, wangena kwilabyrinth ngebhola emnike yona I-Ariadna, wabulala i Minotaur kwaye wakwazi ukufumana indlela ebuyela emva. Ngale nto wakhulula isizwe sakhe kwisohlwayo esibi esisibekwe ngu iincinci y Atenas, kwakungeyomfuneko ukuba athumele abafana ukuba baye kubingelela kwizoyikeka Minotaur.
Hercules (Heracles)
Unguthixo osuka eThebes, inzala ka Zeus kunye alcmene, umfazi jikelele Umbizi. Ukufumana unyana wakhe kwaye njengoko uZeus wayenqwenela, ukuba unina abe ngu-Alcmene, waba ngumfanekiso womyeni wakhe waza wamjoyina ebhedini yakhe ngaloo mini. Umbizi, ebuyile eluhambeni, wamitha nomkakhe Iiphicles, owazalwa ngaxeshanye IHeracles o Hercules
zekhompyutha, ezimisele ukumbulala unyana wendoda engathembekanga, yaye ecatshukiswa ngakumbi sisibakala sokuba Zeus ubungangamsha bakhe babuqhayisela phakathi kwezinye izithixo; Kungekudala emva kokuzalwa kukaHeracles okanye uHercules, wathumela iinyoka ezimbini ezinkulu ukuba zimgqibe. Umntwana wayesemncinci kakhulu, kodwa wafunxa iinyoka.
Naphezu kwayo yonke into, unina kaHercules wamshiya eshiywe, esaba ngumsindo kaHercules. zekhompyutha wabanjwa umntwana Hermes, owaxokisa isithixo ngendlela yokuba eso sithixo sincancise IHeracles emenza ongafiyo.
Iqhawe loyisa njengomfana isizwe esifuna Thebes ukuhlawulwa kwerhafu kwaye njengomvuzo wakwazi ukutshata intombi yokumkani wase Thebes, Megara, awayenabantwana abathathu naye. Onke la mandla kunye namandla ayeyimveliso, ngokuyinxenye, yokuyalelwa ngumfundisi omkhulu i-chiron, omnye wabalinganiswa abakhulu basentsomini, kangangokuba waba ngoyena mntu udumileyo nokhaliphileyo ngexesha lakhe. Nangona kunjalo, naye wafumana imfundo kwezinye iinkosi ezinkulu ezifana Iflakisi, uCastor y Kunqabile.
Ukuphambana kukaHercules (Heracles)
Hercules, inzala edumileyo ka ZeusWayesele eligorha elivunyiweyo ngenxa yezenzo zobutsha bakhe, kodwa ikamva lalisamfakela imingeni enzima. Zeus Wacebela uzuko unyana wakhe, engekazalwa. Uthixo omkhulu wayevakalise ukuba umzukulwana wokuqala womnombo wePerseus omkhulu uya kudla ilifa itrone Mycenae.
Uthixokazi zekhompyuthaUmona, ebona unyana womyeni wakhe we-bastard enembeko enjalo, wangenelela. Wenza umzala ka Hercules, Eurystheus, wazalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, nokuba weba ilifa leqhawe. Eurystheus yanyanzeliswa Hercules, apho iqhawe laya kwi-oracle ye UDelphi, ukuze abone enoba ufanele aqhubeke ethobela umntu awayemgqala ungaphantsi kwakhe.
Umprofeti wamxelela ukuba ngawo wonke umsebenzi awenzayo, amandla athatyathwa nguwo Eurystheus yehla. Hercules, yayimcaphukisile loo mpendulo, kuba wayenethemba lokuba iza kumxelela ukuba akufuneki aqhubeke ethobela. Eurystheus.
Ukuthatha ithuba lokuba sesichengeni kukaHercules, uthixokazi zekhompyutha tyala imbewu yobugeza entlokweni yalo. IHeracles, baqala ukubona ezona zidalwa zoyikekayo baza balwa amadabi amakhulu kunye nazo. Kodwa zonke yayizimibono, echacha kule mpambano yasendle, ezele ligazi, nabantwana bakhe kunye nomfazi wakhe. MegaraBaye belele ezinyaweni zakhe befile.
Ishumi elinesibini labasebenzi Hercules
Ukuze azikhulule ngentlawulelo ngenxa yezono zakhe; Hercules Wamiselwa imisebenzi elishumi elinamibini, leyo ukumkani Eurystheus kuthathwa njengento engenakwenzeka. Kwanabalinganiswa basentsomini ngobume be Hercules.
Eyokuqala yaba kukuxhoma ingonyama ye Nemea. Yayisisilwanyana esinengcwangu esixhwila abafazi yaye sasingenazixhobo zamadoda. U-Hercules wamhlutha ngezandla zakhe, kwaye ngomlomo nangesikhumba sakhe wenza isigcina-ntloko kunye nesikrweqe.
Okwesibini yayikukubulala ihydra ye ULerna. kumachibi e lerna, yahlala kwi-hydra eneentloko ezisixhenxe eyayigubungele amadoda. UHercules wambulala ngoncedo lwe Yolao, owayedlulisa izikere ezivuthayo ukuze zitshise amanxeba eentloko ezazisele zinqunyulwe, yaye ngaloo ndlela zibathintele ukuba bangakhuli kwakhona. Emva koko wakwazi ukuhlanganisa igazi le-hydra ngeentolo zakhe, ukubenza babulale ngakumbi.
Umsebenzi wesithathu yayikukubambisa iihagu zasendle ziphila Erymanthus umse ebhotwe Eurystheus. Eli yayilirhamncwa elikhulu. UHeracles wambamba waza wamthabatha ephila Eurystheus, owazimela emphandeni ngokuphakuzela. Eyesine yayikukubambisa imazi yebhokhwe Cerinia. Yayiyimazi yexhama elikhulu, imilenze yayo elubhedu, neempondo zegolide. Wamleqa kangangonyaka de wade wakwazi ukumbamba. Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neentsomi zempucuko enkulu onokufunda ngayo, iintsomi zamaya.
Umsebenzi wesihlanu yayikukubulala iintaka zezulu i-stymphalus. Yayingumhlambi omkhulu weentaka ezidla inyama, zaziqwenga yonke into esendleleni yazo, izilwanyana nabantu. Hercules wakwazi ukubabulala ngoncedo lwe Athena, owamnika iintsimbi ezinamandla zobhedu. Umsebenzi wesithandathu ibikukucoca izitali ze Augean ngosuku. Hercules wayijika imilambo UAlfeyu noPeneus kwaye ngale nto ndisusa izitali ezinkulu ngendlela enye.
Umsebenzi wesixhenxe yayikukuthimba inkunzi yenkomo iphila IKrete. IHeracles wabanjwa waziswa ngaphambili Eurystheus inkunzi yenkomo, kodwa ayizange iyifune, ngoko wayikhulula eAttica, apho yatshabalalisa yonke into eyayisendleleni. Eyesibhozo yayikukubambisa iimazi ze IiDiomedes. Ezi zazidla inyama kwaye zinoburhalarhume kakhulu, wayekwazi nokubabamba, Eurystheus wabangcwalisela zekhompyutha kwaye abakhulule Olimpo.
Eyesithoba yayikukufumana ibhanti Hippolyta. Oweshumi uba iinkomo zesigebenga Geryon. Eyeshumi elinanye kwaye mhlawumbi inomdla kakhulu, yehla esihogweni kwaye ibambe inja Cerberus. Lo yayingumgcini wendawo yabafileyo. Hercules ekhuselwe ngesikhumba sengonyama kwaye exhobe ngeentolo ezinetyhefu, wakwazi ukubamba inja eyoyikekayo, wayibonisa Eurystheus waza wambuyisela kwelabafileyo.
Umsebenzi weshumi elinesibini kunye nowokugqibela yayikukuba ama-apile egolide egadini Hesperides. La ma-apile ayetyalwe ukubhiyozela imitshato ye UZeus noHera, babegadwe kakhulu, nangona kunjalo; Hercules waziba xa ubasa Eurystheus, woyika ukuwathabatha, kuba injongo yakhe yayikukuphela Hercules, musani ukuba nama-apile.
Yileyo ndlela Hercules wayifeza imisebenzi elishumi elinambini eyingozi awayeyiphathisiwe, ekukhululweni ngokubulala usapho lwakhe.
Ukufa kukaHercules
Iqhawe lalinabafazi abaninzi kwaye ukufumana ingqalelo yabo kwakuxabisa ubunzima obuninzi: ukufumana izinto ezithandwayo Omphale, kwafuneka azilahle ngayo yonke into eyayihlala inguye, kunye nothando lwe UDeyanira yayingumngeni omtsha kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho, ngeli xesha Ubuhlungu. Oku mhlawumbi ngoyena bundlobongela babalinganiswa basentsomini.
Ukufa kwe IHeracles yeza eneneni ibangelwa ngokufanayo UDeyanira. Ngenye imini xa bobabini babekunye. IHeracles washiya umfazi wakhe ezandleni zika neso icentaur, ukumnceda ukuba ahambe ukusuka kwenye indawo yomlambo ukuya kwenye, ngelixa wayehamba enye inxalenye yawo ephithene ngakumbi, kodwa enomtsalane ngakumbi kwiinjongo zakhe.
Nangona kunjalo, kuhlala kukho abalinganiswa basentsomini abanokuziphatha okungafanelekanga, neso wangathi uyayonwabela UDeyanira y Hercules weza kumgqibezela, nto leyo wakwaziyo, nangona wayekhawuleza, ngokumtola ngotolo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuphumelela neso wanika UDeyanira ingubo, ngokutsho kwakhe, yayifanele ukuvusa inkanuko yamaqabane angathembekanga.
Kamva, nini Hercules Bendihamba nomhle Iole en Euboea, UDeyanira Wamthumelela ilokhwe waza wathi nje ukuba ayivule ngovuyo, waqalisa ukuva intlungu enganyamezelekiyo ebangelwa yityhefu egqobhozayo eyayimilwe yimpahla.
HerculesEsazi ukuba wayeza kufa, wenza umlilo omkhulu ngezigodo ezinkulu, walala phezu kwawo waza wabuza. IiPhiloctetes ukuyivula Hercules Wafa ngale ndlela, kodwa wahlangulwa ngokukhawuleza IHayidesi ngezithixo ze Olimpo owathi, ebonakalisa umbulelo ngehambo yakhe, wamphakamisa Olimpo, bamenza uthixo baza bamtshata Banj.
IiAchilles
Wayengunyana womntu oqhelekileyo igama lakhe ukulwa kunye neNereid egama lingu Iimpawu. Unina, akuba ezelwe, wamntywilisela emanzini echweba lase Styx. Ngale nto wakwazi ukuyenza ukuba ingachaphazeleki; ekuphela kwento eyayingakhuselwanga sisithende awayebanjwe ngaso ngunina, elilungu lomzimba wakhe lalishiywe lingaphandle kwamanzi, ngoko ke yayikuphela kwento eyayingenaso esi sipho.
ukhule necentaur i-chironezihlanjeni zeentaba I-Pelion apho wadibana waza waqhelisela urhwebo lwemfazwe nokuzingela, kunye nomculo wafunda kunye neempawu zokuphilisa izityalo.
Xa wayeneminyaka eyi-9 ubudala, i-necromancer iidecals waxela kwangaphambili ukuba amaGrike akanakuphumelela ekuhlutheni isixeko sase UTroy ngaphandle kokungenelela kuka-Achilles, kodwa wayeya kutshabalala phambi kweendonga zeso sixeko. Ngoko unina wazifihla phakathi kweentombi zokumkani skiros, Lycomedes, ukuzama ukumahlukanisa nekamva lakhe. Kodwa amaGrike, sele eza kuhamba UTroy, ithunyelwe ku Ulysses ukufumanisa.
Lycomedes wakhanyela ukuba yena ebhotwe, ngoko ubuqhophololo Ulysses wazisa iintombi zokumkani izivatho nezacholo, ezabancomayo; ke yena waphatha ikhaka nomkhonto, ephethe ezo zixhobo zemfazwe, ekhalisa ingwegwe ebukhali ngaxeshanye. IiAchilles, akakwazi kuzibamba, waziwisa phezu kwezixhobo ezibhenca. Emva koko unyana ka ukulwa wathembisa uncedo lwakhe kumaGrike, awathi wawajoyina.
Ngexesha longquzulwano oluchaseneyo UTroy, IiAchilles wayesoloko ephambili kule ngxushungxushu, yaye kuthiwa izixeko ezili-12 eziziintshaba zatshatyalaliswa nguye emhlabeni nezili-11 elwandle. Emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwe I-Lyrnese waphangwa libhinqa eliselula eligama lingu Briseis, owahamba naye kwivenkile yeqhawe elikhulu. Baninzi abalinganiswa basentsomini abathatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe ye UTroy.
Kamva ukumkani Agamemnon, inkokeli yohambo lwamaGrike, nayo yafumana, emva kokuphangwa kwe intlekele, ibhinqa elabelwe kwinkonzo yasetempileni Apollo, Chryseid. ucaphukile uthixo Apollo, ngenxa yesikhubekiso esenziwa kumbingelelikazi wakhe, wakhulula ilifu leentolo kumkhosi yaye amajoni amaninzi adutyulwa phantsi, esiwa kabuhlungu kungekho thuba lakumisa umonakalo.
Ukuze ndibuyele ekuthandeni uthixo; IiAchilles wanika uluvo lokuphinda adibanise umbingelelikazi kwitempile ka Apollo, nto leyo eyayibonakala ngathi licebo elilungileyo kwabo babehamba kunye naye. Agamemnon kodwa zonke ezinye iinkokheli zangaphambili zazimchasa UTroy bazingisa, wavuma ukumkani ukubakholisa. Kodwa yena wafuna imbuyekezo ngekhoboka elalinikelwe kuye. IiAchilles.
IiAchilles wavuma, kodwa njengoko wayeziva engcolile, wathi wayengayi kuphinda alwe de ikratshi lakhe laneliswe.
Njengasekuqaleni IiAchilles wayengekho kwibala lokulwa, iiTrojans zaqala ukuziva zizithembile. Aba baqalisa ukurhangqa abangqingi babo baza babenza babuyela umva ngakumbi nangakumbi kwithafa ledabi. AmaGrike amcenga IiAchilles ukuba abuyele edabini, bambuyisela kuye Briseis, kodwa nakuba kunjalo, akazange avume ukulwa.
Patroclus, umhlobo othandekayo kakhulu IiAchilles, ukuzama ukubethelela ukuzithemba kumajoni, wanxiba isikrweqe sakhe waza waya edabini. Kunjalo, ukuba iTrojan Hector ukuhambelana namanye amagama umbulala ebushushwini bomlo. Oku kwakubuhlungu kakhulu IiAchilles, kangangokuba wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele edabini.
IiAchilles yalwa ngamandla alishumi, nangobushushu bomkhosi, igquba embombeni Hector ukuhambelana namanye amagama, owazama ukubaleka, kodwa wabethwa ngumkhonto we IiAchilles oko kwabuphelisa ubomi bakhe. Achilles wathatha isidumbu sika Hector ukuhambelana namanye amagama wamrhuqa, kangangeentsuku eziliqela ngeenxa zonke iindonga ze UTroy. Wala ukubuyisela isidumbu, ukuze intsapho yakhe ikwazi ukungcwaba ngokufanelekileyo.
Oothixo bangenelela, ekubeni babengakholiswanga yinkqubo kabani IiAchilles, wamenza ukuba ayivume impazamo yakhe aze abonise imbeko kumajoni awileyo, ebuyisela umzimba wenkokeli yawo, ukuze afumane intlawulelo enkulu kayise, aze ngaloo ndlela akwazi ukuyingcwaba.
Kwakungekho nto ininzi yokuba u-Achilles wakwazi ukunandipha ubutyebi obufunyenwe emva kokufa Hector ukuhambelana namanye amagama. Kwelinye lamadabi aqhubeka kwisiza se UTroy, IiAchilles Wajongana neParis, ekubeni lo mdlali we-Aphrodite, owamxelela indlela yokujongana neqhawe.
Wadubula utolo kwindawo ekukuphela kwayo esengozini IiAchilles, isithende sakho; kuthiwa olu tolo luqondiswe kwindlela yalo, ngoyena Apollo, owayenomona ngokuncoma awayekuvusa IiAchilles.
Inxeba lesithende laphela ubomi bakhe, lishiya ibali lakhe liphila, njengelinye lawona magorha akhaliphileyo nalukhuni awayesazi imbali yamandulo. EGrisi, kwaye uhlala njengomnye wabalinganiswa basentsomini abakhumbulekayo.
Ezi
Elona qhawe lidumileyo nelikhulu awayenalo Atenas kwakunjalo Ezi. Wayengunyana wokumkani I-Aegean kunye etraintombi yokumkani wase Shumi elinantathu kwi Argolis. Wanyanyekelwa ngunina kwinkundla kayisemkhulu, ebusheni bakhe waziva efuna ukukhangela uyise.
Ngokuzingisa kwakhe, unina wamxelela ngothando awayenalo I-Aegean Ekubeni wayesele etshatile yaye emsa embindini wendlela, wamcela ukuba aphakamise ilitye. Ezi Ethobela umyalelo kanina, waphakamisa ilitye elikhulu; Ngaphantsi kwayo wafumana ikrele elihle nezihlangu. Zombini ezi zinto zazikhe zezokumkani I-Aegean, wazishiya ukuba ekugqibeleni zinikwe abantwana bakhe.
Emphathele izixhobo uyise awayezishiye phantsi kwelitye, waqalisa uhambo lwakhe olusingise ebukumkanini bukayise ukuze ahlangabezane nekamva lakhe. Ejongene nenkitha yezihange kunye nezilo ezoyikekayo, ezenza uhambo lwakhe lwaba luhambo. Ukufika Ezi a Atenas ngokuvuma ngokuqinileyo ukuzazisa njengonyana wokumkani.
Ukumkani noyise we Ezi, wayephantsi kwempembelelo yomfazi wakhe wesibini Medea, eyaye yaqinisekisa I-Aegean ukuze abe nako ukumphilisa kubudlolo bakhe. Ngelo xesha Eziifikelele kwikomkhulu le Attica, ndedwa Medea Wayeyazi ukuba ungubani kwaye, eqonda ukuba ubude bakhe etroneni busengozini, wagqiba ekubeni agqibe umfana ngokumtyhefa ngexesha lokuzonwabisa.
Kodwa, Ezi ukuba wayenamaqhinga kakhulu, wayecebe indlela yokuqhuba ngexesha lokuzonwabisa. Ngaphambi kokuba atye nantoni na, wacela ukuba inyama ayinqunqe ngencakuba yakhe, ngoko ukumkani I-Aegean Wamjonga wamvuma ukuba ngunyana wakhe. Ukumkani, ebona ulonwabo lwabo bonke abakhoyo, ngaphandle kweqabane lakhe, waqaphela isenzo sakhe sobuqhophololo waza wamgxotha ebukumkanini.
Ezi Wayeselula, onwabile kwaye ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, ehlakaniphile kwaye ekhaliphile, wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukudibanisa nabantu bakhe. Wayebaxhasa abantu kumabango eembandezelo zabo, kungenxa yesi sizathu wathi xa efumanisa malunga nerhafu Atenas kunikelwa kukumkani iincinciWayekhathazeke kakhulu, waziva enomsindo kakhulu.
Atenas wayeza kuwonga umlawuli waseKrete ulutsha olulishumi elinesine lweyona mvelaphi ibalaseleyo, amantombazana asixhenxe aselula namakhwenkwe asixhenxe. Eli yayilixabiso lemfazwe, kwaye nabo abantu abatsha, xa befika IKrete, zanikelwa kwabakhohlakeleyo Minotaur ukuze azidle.
Xa Ezi wabuza isizathu somnikelo ombi kangaka, wafumanisa ukuba kwakungenxa yokubulawa konyana wenkosi. iincinci, kwi Atenas, ezandleni ze I-Aegean. Umkhosi wamaKrete wafika emasangweni aseAtene, ufuna ukucamagushela ukufa konyana wokumkani, wawungqinga. Atenas, yatshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza yindlala nendyikitya yokufa, yaye ekuphela kwento ababenokuyenza ukuze baphume kolongqingo yayikukuvuma isicelo sokumkani waselwandle. IKrete.
Xa abo bathunyelwe besuka IKrete beza kufuna irhafu eyoyikekayo yaloo nyaka; Ezi ikwazile ukuthunyelwa njengenxalenye yoku. Uyise wazama ukuthetha naye, kuba wayeqinisekile ukuba akasayi kuphinda ambone. Intoni Ezi Wazingisa ukuba ahambe, ukumkani wambongoza ukuba athwale iipere ezimbini zeeseyile, ukuze azikhwelise ekubuyeni kwakhe. A ipere amakhandlela amhlophe, isiphumo kwaba positive, kunye ipere amakhandlela amnyama, ukuba isiphumo yaba kukufa kwakhe.
Ukufika e IKrete kunye nomnikelo, abo banyulelwe umbingelelo, baqhutyelwa ngokukhawuleza kwibhotwe lika iincinci. Wabancina ke khona, wathi bakufanele ukusiwa ebandleni rigmarole de Minotaur. Ebhotwe kwakukho intombi ka Minos, Ariadne, ubukele Ezi Ngoko nangoko wamthanda, ngaloo ndlela wahlala ethabathekile ngonaphakade. Kufuneka uyikhumbule loo nto Ezi komnye wabalinganiswa abadumileyo basentsomini.
Indlalifa I-Aegean fikile IKrete ebonisa umnombo wakhe, wayenekratshi kwaye emncinci, le nto yayimangalisa I-Ariadna. Wadibana naye Ezi, yaye waziqonda iinjongo zakhe zokwenene waza wakhangela indlela yokumnceda.
Ezi waceba ukungena kwi-labyrinth kuqala aze agqibezele i-monster, kodwa ukuze afezekise oku kwakufuneka angene embindini wayo. Ingxaki yayikukubuyela umva, ekubeni i-labyrinth yayidume ngokuyilwa kwayo okuntsonkothileyo, kwakucingelwa ukuba Minotaur andikwazanga ukuphuma.
Ezi wangena kwilabyrinth ngebhola yomsonto awayeyinika I-Ariadna, eyayisombuluka njengoko wayengena kwilabyrinth. Emva kokuphambuka izihlandlo ezininzi, wada wafika kwiziko elalikuloo rhamncwa, akazange aphathe nasiphi na isixhobo, ephethe ubukrelekrele bakhe kuphela.
Waqalisa ukubaleka ebangela ukuba isidalwa simsukele; xa i-monster iphelile, Ezi wamkhawulela ngezandla zakhe, wakwazi ukumbulala ngempama. Emva koko wayishiya i-labyrinth elandela umsonto lowo isithandwa sakhe samnika sona.
Ezi, imbeko amakhwenkwe namantombazana kunye I-AriadnaBahamba kwangoko IKrete. Kodwa uqhwithela lwabakhupha endleleni kwaye kwafuneka beme kwisiqithi sase I-Naxos, I-Ariadna waziva egula kancinci, wehla enqanaweni. Kodwa ikamva lakhe lalingekho ecaleni kwakhe Ezi, ngoko imimoya yayisusa iphenyane kweso siqithi, isahlula abantu abaselula.
Xa olo hambo lwabuya ngoloyiso, abazange bakunanze ukuziphakamisa iiseyile ezimhlophe. Ukumkani, ekholelwa ukuba unyana wakhe ufile, wabuphelisa ubomi bakhe ngokuziphosa elwandle. Nini Ezi wehla, wafumana umbhiyozo womngcwabo kayise.
Wamiselwa njengokumkani, ukususela ngoko walawula ilizwe, ekubeni wazuza umanyano lwezizwe ezilishumi elinambini ezaziphikisana, ngaloo ndlela zidala ilizwe lase-Athene. Kungako kunjalo Ezi Ungomnye wabalinganiswa basentsomini kakhulu kuncwadi.
Odysseus o Ulysses
Odysseus Mhlawumbi, phakathi kwabalinganiswa basentsomini, lowo wayedume kakhulu kwimpucuko yamaGrike. Yaziwa kakhulu njenge Ulysses, kodwa igama layo lesiGrike ngu Odysseus. Ulysses Ligama lesiLatini awalibiza ngalo amaRoma kamva.
Kuye kwabonakaliswa kuye wonke umnqweno wokuba iqhawe, umatiloshe kunye nomhambi ngokugqwesileyo, wayequlathwe, ukwenzeka kwakhe kubaliswa kwisizukulwana ngesizukulwana ngesithethe somlomo. Ide ifike ngoku, ibaliswa kwenye yeencwadi ezaziwa kakhulu zoncwadi lwehlabathi, I-odyssey, ebhalwe yimbongi engumGrike Homer.
Odysseus, wayeyinzala ka Laertes, uKumkani we Ithaca, isiqithi esahlulwe ngumsinga we I-cephalonia. Kulutsha lwe Ulysses, nini Laertes wayesengukumkani wase Ithaca, wayendwendwela umkhulu Eurytus; wayengumtoli ongenakuthelekiswa nanto, enesona saphetha sinamandla emhlabeni, isipho esivela kuthixo. ApolloIxutywe kubushushu belanga kwaye ibunjwe kumanzi olwandle.
Ngenxa yempatho entle awayifumanayo ebudeni botyelelo. Eurytus, wanika uOdysseus isaphetha esimangalisayo esenziwe nguthixo Apollo. Ngaphezu koko, kubo bonke ubomi bakhe. Eurytus akazange afumane enye inkwenkwe enamandla okutsala isaphetha nokutola ngaso.
Odysseus watshata kunye UPenelope, uthando olukhulu lobomi bakhe. Wayenonyana okuphela kwakhe kuye Telemachus. Ekuqaleni, Odysseus wala ukuya kungquzulwano UTroy ezenza ophambeneyo, wayesasaza ityuwa emasimini akhe, kodwa amaGrike amfumana unyana wakhe Telemachus phambi kwekhuba kwaye iqhawe lanyanzeliswa ukuba lijoyine amaGrike.
Ukuba kwingxabano yeTrojan, Odysseus wangenelela ngakumbi njengonozakuzaku kunokuba njengomphumi-mkhosi, ngokuchaseneyo IiAchilles ukuba kula madabi, lalimele umlo onzima namandla amangalisayo nangenakuthelekiswa nanto. wake watshatyalaliswa UTroy, Odysseus uqala uhambo olubuyela kwisithandwa sakhe IthacaKulapho uqala khona uhambo lwakhe lokwenyani, kuhambo olwathatha iminyaka elishumi. Aba balinganiswa basentsomini bamkelwa yimpucuko yaseRoma, ukwazi ngale nto unokufunda ngayo, iintsomi zamaRoma.
Xa Odysseus Wakhwela, uthixo wemimoya AeolusUkuze amxhase, wamnika ulusu lwesikhumba. Kolu lusu kwakukho zonke iindiza ezikwaziyo ukuphambukisa iiseyile neenqanawa zazo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela zisiwa kumazibuko angaqhelekanga kuhambo lwazo. Ingcamango yayikukuba zisibhakabhaka kuphela eziya kusala, umoya kuphela owawunokumthwala ngokukhuselekileyo nangokukhawuleza ukuya Ithaca. Oomatiloshe, becinga ukuba intsuba yayinewayini, bayivula.
Imimoya yaphuncuka yaza njengempindezelo yokuvalelwa entolongweni, bavuya ngokushukunyiswa kwenqanawa. Odysseus Ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye. Ngale ndlela inqanawa yayiselwandle ingenako ukubeka indlela, isiya kumazwe angaziwayo ngoomatiloshe.
uhambo olude lwe Odysseus, yayizele zizigigaba ezichukumisayo, ezi zaziwa ngokubanzi. Kwenye yazo waphumelela ukulwa Cyclops Ipolyphemus; enye kukuhlala kwakhe kwisiqithi sase ISangqa, owazala unyana naye.
Kwelinye icala, iminyaka esixhenxe wayevaleleke kwesinye isiqithi kunye nenymph ibalwa. Calixtus, awazala naye abantwana ababini; indlela awayifumanisa ukuba ayenze angachatshazelwa yingoma yeesiren; ukufika kwakhe kwisiqithi sase Phaeacians kunye nentlanganiso yakhe INausica; kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukubuya kwakhe ekugqibeleni ukuya Ithaca.
Ekubuyeni kwakhe kwafuneka alwe nabakhohlisi besithandwa sakhe UPenelope, owahlala ethembekile kumyeni wakhe phezu kwako nje ukubuya kwakhe. Ekugqibeleni badibana kwaye baqhubeka belawula isiqithi kunye de kwaba sekupheleni kweentsuku zabo.
jason
jason umhambi omkhulu, wazalwa kumanyano phakathi ialcimeda y Oko N, i-regent ye-Iolcos, ehlala eThessaly, ngoko ke umzukulwana ka Aeolus. umama wakho angaba Ipolymede, njengoko ezinye izilungiso zibango.
IPelias owayengumzalikazi ka Oko N, yambhukuqa, ngenxa yoku kungcatshwa okukhulu, isiprofeto saxela kwangaphambili ukuba omnye wabatshana bakhe wayeza kumbulala okanye ambhukuqe, ngoko ulawulo lwakhe lwalungayi kuhlala ngokusisigxina. kwinto ezelweyo UJason, umama wakhe ngoko nangoko waqalisa ukoyika izenzo zika IPelias, emva koko wenza ngathi usana luyagula waza emva koko ebuhlungu kakhulu, wavakalisa ukufa kwakhe.
Kwenziwa amasiko omngcwabo, ngobuyokoyoko nomdlalo weqonga, ukwenzela ukunika intembeko yokufa kuka. UJason. Enyanisweni, umntwana wayephile qete kwaye womelele, kwaye babemnyamekela kwi-centaur i-chironowayengumfundisi omkhulu. Nto leyo, yamfundisa ubugcisa beenkwenkwezi kunye neyeza.
Wathi akuba neminyaka engamashumi amabini ubudala, wemka enkosini yakhe waza waxelelwa ngoosiyazi ukuba aye kuye Iolcos, egqunywe ngezikhumba zengwe kuphela, owayenganxibanga zihlangu ephethe imikhonto emibini.
Ekungeneni kwakhe kwidolophu yakowabo, wavusa isiphithiphithi yaye abantu bambona, abantu ababemangalisiwe banikela ingqalelo kuye, yaye wakwazi ukuthetha nabo. Ngelo xesha wenza isibhengezo sokuba ungunyana ka Oko N nokuba sele elungele ukuyibuyisela itrone yakhe.
ekwazi oku IPelias, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba wayeyoyika le nkwenkwe, nabantu bayo abanganelisekanga nabanomsindo, baqalisa ukuyila indlela yokucombulula le ngxaki baze bangenelwe kuyo. Ndiyabiza UJason enkundleni waza wamxelela ukuba ephupheni isihlabo samxelela ukuba makabuyisele imbeko Phryxo, ukhokho oqhelekileyo wabulawa kwi icolchis, ezisa uthuthu lwakhe kuhlanga lwakhe.
Waphinda wamxelela ukuba uboya begolide awayeza kubufumana nobuya kumenza abe sisityebi ngokugqithiseleyo, bobakhe. Phryxo kwaye ke ngoko yayililungelo lakhe ilifa ukulithabatha. Ekugqibeleni, wamxelela ukuba xa ethobela yonke into, uya kuyibuyisela itrone eyayimfanele.
Como UJason wayeyinkwenkwana, enoburhalarhume, ekhaliphile, ngoko nangoko waya kuphumeza imisebenzi, emva koko waqokelela iqela loomatiloshe ukuba baye elwandle. Argos, ezi zazibizwa ngokuba ziiArgonauts kwaye kunye nazo, waqalisa ukufuna uboya begolide.
Wathumela umnxeba Argo, ukumcela ukuba akhe inqanawa Argos, leyo babehamba ngayo UJason kunye IiArgonauts ngexesha lephulo lakhe. Argo Wavela Thespia, ibingunyana ka Arestor o Phryxongokwezinye iinguqulelo. Inqanawa yakhiwe ngaphakathi uhlawule, kwi I-Thessaly, ummandla apho i Olimpo, ngoncedo luka Athena.
Inqanawa yanyuswa ngomboko we I-Pelion, kodwa inxalenye engaphambili yayiziswe ngokukhethekileyo nguthixokazi ephuma kumthi ongcwele ongcwele eDodona. Lo mthi ukhethekileyo wakrolwa ngononophelo ngokufanayo Athena Waza ke wamnika isiphiwo sokuthetha nokuxela kwangaphambili.
Kulo lonke uhambo lwakhe, wadibana Medeaintombi yomlawuli welizwe icolchis, owayenoboya begolide elugcinweni lwakhe, ngenxa yokuba wafumana impumelelo. babuyela ku yolco emva kwale nyani. Kukho amabali ahlukeneyo malunga nento eyenzekayo ekubuyeni kwabo. Kwezinye ku UJason bamnika itrone kwaye kwabanye uhlala nje ukuhlala apho.
Kwakhona, Medea bulala IPelias, kwenye inguqulelo kuthiwa ngemvume ye UJason nakwabanye ngaphandle kwayo. UJason kwaye iMedea yayinabantwana abaliqela, akukho mvumelwano malunga nokuba babeyintoni na. Phakathi kwazo kukho Medeo, Eriopis, Feres, Mermerus, Thesallus, Alcimenes y Thysander.
Ngexesha elithile kamva baya eKorinte, mhlawumbi besenza nje isithukuthezi, okanye ngenxa yokuba yolco bagxothe ngenxa yokufa kwe IPelias. Apho bonwabile kangangeminyaka emininzi, kodwa ukumkani waseKorinte, efuna ukutshata neli gorha, wamnika isandla ngenye yeentombi zakhe. UJason ngaphandle kokuthandabuza wavuma waza wala Medeaekwakufuneka aye elubhacweni.
Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba ahambe, walungiselela impindezelo yakhe, awayigqiba ngokubulawa kwayo yonke inkundla yasebukhosini. Emva kwexesha, UJason ukuba yedwa wayethetha naye ukulwa ukuwisa abalawuli be Iolcus, Acastus kunye ne-Astidamia, awayizuza ngokuba nenkohlakalo. Ngale ndlela wakwazi ukuba ngukumkani we yolco kude kube sekupheleni kwemihla yakhe.
Bellerophon
Lo ngomnye wabalinganiswa ababalulekileyo basentsomini, Bellerophon yinzala ka Poseidon kunye Eurynomeowayeyintombi yomphathi we Megara. ibibizwa ngenene iponoo. Kodwa edumileyo ebizwa Bellerophon, owayeligorha elidumileyo, elafumana eli gama njengomqondiso wokungahlonelwa.
Kwenzeka ukuba ukumkani wase ICorintokubizwa bellero, wabulawa kwiimeko ezingazange zimiselwe, yayiyinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu, olu lwaphulo-mthetho lwalugxininiswe iponoo, kwaye ukusuka apho wamkela isiteketiso sika BellerophonIthetha ukuthini "Umbulali waseBelero”. Ekubeni wayehlazekile yaye oku kwamchaphazela kubomi bakhe bemihla ngemihla, wagqiba kwelokuba afudukele apho Iitiryns.
Kwenzeka ukuba ukumkani wase ICorintokubizwa bellero, wabulawa kwiimeko ezingazange zimiselwe, yayiyinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu, olu lwaphulo-mthetho lwalugxininiswe iponoo, kwaye ukusuka apho wamkela isiteketiso sika BellerophonIthetha ukuthini "Umbulali waseBelero”. Ekubeni wayehlazekile yaye oku kwamchaphazela kubomi bakhe bemihla ngemihla, wagqiba kwelokuba afudukele apho Iitiryns.
Nangona wayefudukile, iingxaki zaqhubeka ziwela indlela yakhe kwaye ngenxa yoko, ubomi bakhe babusenzima kakhulu. Weza kufudukela kwisixeko sase Iitiryns, apho umfazi kaKumkani wazama ukumrhwebesha, kodwa Bellerophon wayemhlonela kakhulu ukumkani yaye akazange anikezele kumakhubalo akhe.
Ukuze aziphindezele, wamtyhola phambi komyeni wakhe ngenxa yamaqhinga awayemtsalela ngawo, waza ngaloo ndlela wamfaka engxakini nokumkani. Umyeni, eziva ekhohlisiwe, wagqiba ekubeni aphindezele kwisenzo sobuxoki kwaye wathumela Belorophon ukuzalisekisa uthumo eAsia Minor, kanye kwibhotwe lase Iobates, utata ka Anthea (uKumkanikazi).
Bellerophon ekubeni wayeyindoda ekhutheleyo, akazange abe nangxaki ngokuthabatha uhambo olwalucelwe ngukumkani. Bamnika ileta, eneneni yayisisigwebo sakhe sokufa, njengoko yayisazi Iobates, ukuba lo mfo ubefuna ukuhlazisa intombi yakhe.
Ikumkani Iobates Wamamkela ngobubele babantu baseAsiya waza wampha zonke izipho, kangangeentsuku ezisi-9, de ekugqibeleni wagqiba kwelokuba ayifunde ileta eyayithunyelwe ngumyeni wentombi yakhe. Ekhwankqisiwe zizinto awayezifunda, akazange akwazi ukuba nesibindi sokuziphindezela, kunoko wamthumela ukuba ambulale. Chimera aze ngaloo ndlela abuphelise ubomi bakhe. Chimera yaba lirhamncwa eloyikekayo elidlavula imihlaba yabo.
La Chimera yayilirhamncwa elinentloko yengonyama, nomhlana wenamba, isisu sebhokhwe sigqunywe ngamaxolo, yaye ngomphefumlo walo lalitshisa nantoni na ekufuphi nalo. Ejongene nokungabikho kokusesikweni okunjalo, ngokukhawuleza oothixo belizwe Olimpo banikela uncedo kubo Bellerophon. Uthixokazi I-Aphrodite wamnika iintambo Pegasus uthweswe umkhala wegolide.
Xa ekhwele ihashe lakhe, wayephethe izixhobo ezimhlophe kuphela, wayeyindoda ekhaliphileyo nenesibindi. Walwa nelo rhamncwa loyikekayo, walihlaba ngemela izihlandlo eziliqela, de wakwazi ukufaka iqhekeza lelothe emlonyeni walo yaye xa linyibilika bubushushu, olu lwelo lubilayo lwamtshisa ngaphakathi. Wayinqumla intloko nomsila wayo, ukuze inike ukumkani njengendebe.
iimvakalelo ze IobatesBabenentiyo yaye benconywa ngaxeshanye. Umlawuli wayesoloko ebeka umsebenzi omtsha kunye nobungozi kuye: kwafuneka abhekane ne-solimos enobundlobongela, alwe nama-Amazons kwaye alwe ngaphandle kwekota kunye nezidalwa ezinamandla kunye nezinobundlobongela bolawulo lwakhe.
Bellerophon, wayephumelele kuzo zonke iimvavanyo abambeka ukuba azenze, wazuza intlonipho Iobates, owaphinda wacingisisa nzulu, ekubeni ukuphumelela kwezi zinto zikhulu kwakufezwa kuphela ukuba izithixo zazisecaleni kwakhe. Ukumkani wanika intombi yakhe njengebhaso Philonoe wamenza ukumkani waseLikiya.
Bellerophon, ebomini bakhe wazuza impumelelo enkulu waza waxatyiswa, ngaloo ndlela wafumana iwonga lakhe njengomphumi-mkhosi nanjengomntu. Nangona kunjalo, wayenetyala lokuzigwagwisa ukususela, esebenzisa Pegasus, yabhabha yaya kwi Olimpo.
Zeus wacaphuka waza wenza isohlwayo. Impukane yaliluma ihashe lakhe, labaleka laza igorha latyunyuzwa kwiqunube, lamshiya eyimfama kwaye efe amalungu omzimba. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kude noothixo nabantu. Anthea eguqukile kwisityholo sakhe sobuxoki nokufa kukuzisola, wagqiba ekubeni azibulale.
Orpheus
Orpheus, wayeligorha eliphucukileyo, exhasa iinkolelo, ehlaziya imilinganiselo yokuziphatha namasiko awayegqalwa njengesiqhelo, isibhanxa nomqambi okhethekileyo. Iintsomi ezahlukeneyo zinokufumaneka ngendawo awazalelwa kuyo.
Ngokutsho kwamanye amabali, wayenemyuziyam njengabazali Ifowuni nakuthixo Apollo, kwaye kungenxa yoko le nto wayenezipho zobugcisa ezingaqhelekanga. Enye intsomi ithi wakhawulwa ngu i-eagro, umlawuli we IThrace, waye unina Ifowuni okanye, ngokwezinye iinguqulelo, Apollo kunye nemyuziyam Clio. Ngokweentsomi, wafumana ihabhu, inokuba ivela kuApollo okanye uHermes, kwesi sixhobo wongeza iintambo ezimbini, ukuba zibe sixhenxe zizonke adlala ngazo iingoma ezikrelekrele nezimnandi.
Yonke indalo yaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, bonke abantu noothixo, babekuvuyela ukumva ecula kunye nesixhobo sakhe. Ehlabathini labalinganiswa basentsomini, uyamangalisa, endleleni yakhe amatye ashukumayo kwaye imilambo yatshintsha indlela yabo, ukuphulaphula nje. Amarhamncwa azola aza alulama phambi kweengoma zakhe, aqokelelana ngakuye ukuze amphulaphule.
Isakhono sakhe esikhulu somculo sasiza kwiimeko ezininzi: wayekhapha iArgonauts kwiihambo zabo kwaye kolu hambo lokuhamba uye wazuza izinto ezintle ngelizwi lakhe elinamandla; Omnye wabo wayekwazi ukuyisusa inqanawa elunxwemeni iyise enzulwini yolwandle.
Enye into awayenzayo yayikukwahlula iziqithi ezibini ezibhadulayo ezithintela ukuhamba kweenqanawa, ukulala inamba eyayigada uboya begolide. Kwakhona wakwazi ukukhulula amalungu ohambo kwi-charms ye-mermaids.
Nangona kunjalo, ukucula yayingengomsebenzi awayewuthanda kakhulu u-Orpheus, ngokuqinisekileyo wayesisifundiswa esikhulu esityekele kwifilosofi kwaye ke, wazinikezela ekuphandeni ngehlabathi elimngqongileyo. Ndiyahamba ndiya Yiputa waza ke apho wazibandakanya nababingeleli abazizilumko baloo ndawo, ababemfundisa iimfihlelo ezingento Isis y Osiris.
Kuphononongo lwakhe olungaqondakaliyo naye watyelela EFenike, eAsia Minor y Samothrace, nasekubuyeni kwakhe ku EGrisi wazifundisa ngokwakhe kulo lonke ulwazi awayelufumene. Wakha imfundiso yonqulo ebalulekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba "i-orphism". Kwakhona waseka amanye amahlelo ukuze Dionysus kunye noDemeter.
Babenobabalo oluninzi kunye nobulumko, kangangokuba amanenekazi amaninzi kunye neenymphs zamfuna emtshatweni. Ngaphandle kwayo yonke into, wayengoyena uthobekileyo kubo bonke, Eurydice, eyathi yatsala ingqalelo ye Orpheus. Batshata baza bathandana ubomi babo bonke. Umanyano lwabo lwalonwabile kakhulu, kodwa lwahlala ixesha elifutshane kakhulu. Aba balinganiswa basentsomini bangabalinganiswa bebali elihle lothando.
Ngenye imini EurydiceBendiqhwesha uAuristheus, owayezama ukumbamba ngenkani, kodwa wayekhawuleza kakhulu, ephaphile yaye ekrelekrele kunaye, ngaloo ndlela ekwazi ukubaleka kulowo wayemthimbile. Njengoko wayezimele ematyholweni nakugqatso logqatso, walunywa yinyoka enobuhlungu, yaza yambulala ngequbuliso.
Orpheus Wayebuhlungu kakhulu kwaye engathuthuzeleki, wagqiba kwelokuba ufuna ukumbuyisela ebomini nokuba kunjani. Wabongoza oothixo bamazulu ukuba bambuyisele kwelabafileyo, kodwa abamphendula; emva koko waceba ukuhla aye esihogweni, apho wayenenjongo yokufumana uncedo IHayidesi nomfazi wakhe. Kwabalinganiswa basentsomini le mhlawumbi yenye yezona zibuhlungu.
Wasinga kwilizwe langaphantsi, ecula iingoma ezingosizi lwakhe olunzulu, ezi zazintle kangangokuba zazishukumisa wonke umntu. IHayidesi, owathembisa ukubuya Eurydice, ukuze angabuyi umva ngoxa yena wabuyela kwihlabathi lokukhanya. ifikelelwe Eurydice indawo apho wonke umntu wayekhona nangasemva Orpheus uthabathele phezulu kwihlabathi aphuma kulo. Noko ke, ukunyuka kwahamba ngokuthe ngcembe. Eurydice Wayesahlutshwa kukulunywa yinyoka.
Bathe xa sele beza kufikelela kwindawo abasuka kuyo. Orpheus Enexhala wajika wamjonga. Wambona nje umzuzwana wazama ukumgona, kodwa ngelo xesha isithandwa sakhe Eurydice Wanyamalala ngonaphakade emhlabeni wabafileyo kwaye ke ngoko wakwazi ukuchukumisa umphunga walo. Wayeyimfama ngokuphelelwa lithemba, wazama ukubuyela kwelabafileyo, kodwa UCaronte, umqhubi wephenyane, wala ukuyihambisa kwakhona. Orpheus wahlala emasangweni esihogo ezinye iintsuku ezisixhenxe, xa ekugqibeleni waqondayo ukuba akayi kufeza nto, wemka.
Ukususela ngelo xesha, wahlala entlango, ebhadula entlango, ebetha uhadi, ethakatha amawa nezilwanyana, engatyanga kudla, engavumi nokuba namntu. Waphelela kummandla waseThrace, apho amanenekazi amaninzi apho azama ukumthelela, nangona akazange aphumelele.
Kumsitho wokuhlonipha uthixo Dionisio, aba bafazi balaliwe ngu Orpheus, balivala ilizwi labo ngentswahla yomoya; bamngqonga baza bambulala ngokuphindezela ngenxa yokungabafuni, emva koko babaqwenga. Intloko yakhe yaphoswa emlanjeni IsiHebhere yaye yakufika elunxwemeni lwe I-Lesbos, Las iimyuziyam Bamthatha ke bamngcwaba. Aba balinganiswa basentsomini babephila ubomi obulusizi.
Kulo lonke olu hambo, Orpheus waqhubeka evuya Eurydice. Emva kokufa kwakhe, uhadi lwe Orpheus yaba likroza Lira, equlethe inkwenkwezi vega, eyona nto ikhazimla ngaphezu kwayo yonke into enokubonwa kummandla osemantla we-hemisphere.
icadmus
icadmus wayengomnye wenzala ka umenzeli, umlawuli wesixeko saseTira. Wayengomnye wabazalwana baka Europe kunye nomsunguli we Thebes. Lo asinguye omnye wabalinganiswa abaziwayo basentsomini, kodwa izenzo zakhe zazinika umdla kakhulu.
Zeus waguquka waba sisilwanyana ukuxhwila u-Europa, ekubeni wayethandana nenkosazana. Bafika eKrete, bazala abantwana abathathu. IMinos, iRhadamanthys kunye neSarpedon. abazalwana be Europe, phakathi kwabo icadmus, baphuma baya kufuna udade wabo; nangona babesazi ukuba xa bengaphumelelanga abazukwazi ukubuyela enkundleni kayise.
A icadmus unina wamkhapha, wafela khona IThrace, emva koko waya kuthetha nomprofeti waseDelphi. Wamcebisa ukuba akhangele inkomo enendawo efana nenyanga eqhekekileyo. icadmus, kwafuneka ndiqalise ukwakha isixeko apho ndingasifumana khona esi silwanyana.
ethengwe kukumkani I-Pelagon yasePhocis, isilwanyana esifanelana nengcaciso, waza ke kwindawo yokuqala awayedla ngokuphumla kuyo, waqalisa isixeko sase Thebes, igama elithetha yonke inkomo, nangona ekuqaleni wayibizayo ikhadma.
icadmus ulungelelanise yonke into ukuze kubingelelwe inkomo ngembeko kunye nokuqaphela Athena, emva koko wacela intonga yakhe ukuba iyokukha amanzi, kodwa inamba yababulala bonke. Le inamba yayiyalele Ares uthixo weemfazwe, kunye icadmus wamnika ukufa. Yathabatha amazinyo egongqongqo yaza yawatyala macala onke ngokomyalelo Athena.
Ukususela kumazinyo atyaliweyo, amajoni axhobileyo aphuma aqala ukulwa omnye nomnye, emva koko icadmus bagibisele ngelitye. Abo babesele bemile emva komlo bancedisa ekwakheni ikhadma, ngaloo ndlela ibe ngabakhi kunye neenqununu zezona ntsapho zichaphazelekayo Thebes.
Kuba eyibulele inamba, wathi Ares, Cadmus kwafuneka abandezeleke iminyaka eyi-8. Emva koko, Athena wamenza ukumkani wesixeko sakhe kwaye Zeus wamtshata Imvisiswano, ntombi Ares kunye I-Aphrodite. Ekubeni eli bhinqa laliyintombi yoothixo, itheko lomtshato lalizaliswe zizithixo, nto leyo eyayimangalisa ngokwenene. Oku kwenzeka kwakhona xa ukulwa utshatile kunye Thetis.
Lo mtshato wawuzinyaswe ziindwendwe ezibalulekileyo kangangokuba zeza nezipho ezimangalisayo. I-Aphrodite, njengesipho sentombi yakhe, wenza intsimbi yomqala Hephaestus, awamnikayo umtshato. Esi sacholo sasisenza lowo wayesinxibile abe mhle ngendlela engenakuthintelwa kubo bonke ababembona. Athena Wamnika ilokhwe ekhethekileyo yomsitho, Hermes Wamnika a lira y idemeter, isixa esikhulu sokutya okuziinkozo.
Nangona umtshato wakhe wawonwabile kakhulu, kwaye njengomlawuli wayenobuchule kunye nobulungisa, iziganeko ezininzi ezibuhlungu zehlela abantwana bakhe. Intombi yakhe Ukuzimelawabona unyana wakhe Actaeon wajika waba yixhama, waqwengwa ngumhlambi wezinja zakhe, emva kokuba ekhangele ukuba ze Artemis ngexesha lokuhlamba.
umona we Hero, Benza Mna hayi waphambana watsiba eliweni nonyana wakhe. isele wayekhulelwe Dionisio, uthixo wewayini eyenziwe ngu Zeus, waza wazitshisa ngenxa yokunqwenela uthixo owongamileyo kwimo yakhe yantlandlolo. Ekugqibeleni, agave, enye Meneida ethabathekile, wamtshabalalisa unyana wakhe.
A Polidorok, okuphela konyana ka I-Cadmus kunye neHarmonyAkukho ntlekele ikhawulezileyo yaziweyo kuye, kodwa kwenzeka izinto ezimbi kakhulu kwinzala yakhe. inzala yakhe ULaius wabulawa ngunyana wakhe Oedipusowathi kamva waba ngumyeni ka Jocasta, umama wakhe.
Atalanta
Atalanta wayeyinzala ka UClymene kunye Yaso okanye Esquenao, ngokweenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo malunga neli bali elinika umdla. Esengumntwana washiywa nguyise ezintabeni kuba efuna inkwenkwe, enyanyekelwa ngabanye ababambisi kuloo ngingqi, incanca ibhere.
Njengoko wayekhulela kwindawo yendalo enjalo, Atalanta Wayeneemeko ezingaqhelekanga zomzimba, ekubeni kolu hlobo lwemekobume kuyimfuneko nje. Babelibhinqa eliselula elikhawulezayo kwaye benezakhono ezinkulu zokuzingela. Ngesinye isihlandlo i-centaurs yazama ukumbamba kunye nezakhono eziphuhliswe kakhulu Atalanta bamvumela ukuba abaleke. Wakwazi nokwenzakalisa ihagu zasendle Calidon, phambi kwakhe nabani na.
Ekukhuleni kwakhe, abaninzi bazama ukumkholisa, kodwa wayengenamdla kangako wokutshata. Kwakhona, wayesoyika kuba umfundisi wayexele kwangaphambili ukuba kwakuza kwenzeka into embi ukuba wayenokutshata.
Noko ke, ngesicelo sikayise, kwavunyelwana ukuba atshate nalaa mfana wakwaziyo ukumoyisa kugqatso. Kakade ke, wayeqinisekile ngesantya sakhe kangangokuba wavuma ngokukhawuleza. Kwelakhe icala utata wayefungile ukuba nabani na ogilana naye Atalanta Kwaye ukuba ndilahlekelwe, ndingafa. Ngenxa yoko kwatshabalala into eninzi yabantu abatsha, ngokuba okunene intombi leyo yakhawuleza kakhulu; oku kuthetha ukuba bambalwa nambalwa abantu abatsha abaza kuzama. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngezi zihloko unokufunda, iintsomi zaseHonduras.
Abanye Abalinganiswa basentsomini
Iintsomi zamaGrike zizityebi kakhulu ngabalinganiswa kunye neentsomi.Ngezantsi kukho iqela lezi, ezingadumanga kangako, kodwa zibalulekile kubomi babalinganiswa abakhulu basentsomini.
UMormo
Ngumlinganiswa osuka kwintsomi yamaGrike, oyalela abantwana abakhohlakeleyo ngokubaluma. Eli gama likwasetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwisidalwa esifana ne-vampire yabasetyhini.
Cecrops
Kwinkcubeko yamaGrike, Cecrops, ithetha, "ubuso ngomsila", oku kudume ngokuba ngumlawuli wokuqala we Atenas. Kumabali ka Pausanias kunye noHerodotus, kuthiwa ikwabizwa ngokuba erectus. Ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo engaphaya kwendalo, inomzimba wenyoka.
Iqhawekazi
Oku akuyena omnye wabalinganiswa basentsomini, nangona kunjalo, yindawo engcwele yamaGrike namaRoma. Yeyiphi indawo yokuhlonipha iqhawe kwaye yakhelwe kwingcwaba elingaziwayo. Kwisixeko ngasinye kwakhiwa imbeko kumaqhawe.
IiArgonauts
Los IiArgonauts, ngoomatiloshe abangamagorha, ababeyinxalenye yabasebenzi be Argos nabakhaphayo UJason kwiziganeko zakhe ezimangalisayo. Aba matiloshe bafumana uzuko, bejongene nezona zidalwa zininzi zoyikekayo zasentsomini, ngaphandle kwazo bebengenakukwazi ukufikelela kwi-labyrinth. Minotaur ize ngaloo ndlela ikhulule iAtene ekubeni ikhulule abantu abaselula ukuba badliwe leli rhamncwa.
Intsomi yeGalatea kunye nePolyphemus
IGalati Ibiyinzwakazi kwaye izolile kwaye inomdla kakhulu. iicyclops Ipolyphemus wayemfuna; kodwa wayechasene naye ngokupheleleyo. Eli bhinqa liselula lalingafuni kwanto kuye, ekubeni lalithandana nomfana ogama lingumfana I-Asics, awayebonwa rhoqo kunye naye.
Ngenye imini abathandi babekho kwaye iiCyclops zafika. I-Asics wabaleka esoyika kwaye Ipolyphemus Wamgibisela ngelitye elikhulu, lamtyumza. UGalatea wazama ukumvuselela, kodwa akazange aphumelele. Wakhala kakhulu kangangokuba oothixo abashukumayo basebenzisa igazi eliphuma emzimbeni walo mfana kunye neenyembezi zakhe ukudala umlambo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela baya kuhlala bekunye.
I-amazon
Las IAmazonBangabalinganiswa basentsomini abangamaqhawe. Bonke baye baqeqeshwa njenge-gladiators egqwesileyo, ukufikelela kwimeko yomzimba. Yayizintombi zika Ares kunye Ukuvisisana.
Kanye ngonyaka babezivumela ukuba banxulumane namadoda asemzini, ukuze babe nabantwana. Abantwana banikwa abazali babo amantombazana asala kunye nabo. Omnye wemisebenzi ye Hercules yayikukususa ibhanti kukumkanikazi waba balinganiswa basentsomini.
Oedipus
Phakathi kwabalinganiswa basentsomini, kukho intsomi yokuba Oedipus. Oku kuqala xa isihlabo saxela kwangaphambili kuyise ukuba xa ezala inkwenkwe uya kumbulala. xa ezalwa Oedipus, uyise wamnikela kumalusi ukuba amnikele kwinceba yamarhamncwa. Njengethamsanqa, endaweni yokuba idliwe ngamarhamncwa, yafunyanwa yaza yamkelwa ngukumkani. iipolybus.
Xa kwaxelwa isihlabo Oedipus ukuba isiphelo sakhe yayikukubulala uyise aze atshate nonina, wemka ICorinto, ndingazi ukuba yintoni na iipolybus yayingengoyise. Oedipus Wahlala kwiziganeko ezininzi, kwenye yazo, kwafuneka ukuba azikhusele kubaxhaphazi abathile endleleni, wababulala bonke, engazi ukuba omnye wabo waye. Layiyo, uyise.
Emva koko wazithethelela Thebes yezoyikekayo Isinxinx nokungena esixekweni njengegorha elitshatileyo Jocasta umhlolokazi kakumkani, okwathi kanti ngunina. Xa inyani yavela Jocasta wazibulala kwaye Oedipus Wawakhupha amehlo.
eMedusa
Imalunga nomnye wabalinganiswa basentsomini aboyikekayo, abangakwaziyo ukuba nenceba; Yayinezandla zobhedu, namazinyo amakhulu, namaphiko amakhulu egolide, kodwa yayingenakubhabha, kwakuphuma ukukhanya emehlweni ayo, okujika abe lilitye lowo uyijongayo.
eMedusa ebengenayo nenkangeleko yoodade wabo, ebeyintombi eqhelekileyo, ebethandana nayo Poseidon. Njengoko kwakunjalo kwindawo engcwele Athena, uthixokazi wacaphuka, ngokuziphindezela waguqula iinwele zentombazana zaba yindlwane yeenyoka. Wonke umntu owamjongayo wajika wajika waba lilitye. wafa xa Perseus wayinqumla intloko.
Perseus
Ungomnye wabalinganiswa basentsomini abanegazi lobuthixo, ekubeni wayenguthixo, unyana ka Zeus, wayekhaliphile kwaye ekhaliphile, ephila izinto ezintle. Wambulala uMedusa ngokumnqumla intloko. Wafumana njengesipho iimbadada eziphaphazelayo zika Hermes, nekrele nekhaka elingenakoyiswa. Ekubuyeni kwakhe wasebenzisa intloko ye eMedusa ukusindisa unina kuhlaselo luka IipolydectesUkususela ngoko wanikela ubomi bakhe ekuncedeni abo baphelelwe lithemba nabangenakuzinceda kwiintlaselo zezithixo.
Artemis
Unguthixokazi wokuzingela kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nempilo. intombi ye Zeus y leto, kunye newele le Apollo. Njengentombazana wacela iminqweno emi-3 kuyise, ukuba ahlale enyulu, izinja zokuzingela kunye neqela lokuhamba naye. Ungumkhuseli wabasetyhini abancinci kunye nomkhuseli wabazingeli. Intsomi inaloo nto Actaeon wamjonga ehamba ze xa ehlamba wamjikisa inyamakazi etyiwa zizinja zakhe.
Calipso
Calipso yinjakazi Ngokutsho intsomi wayehlala kwisiqithi I-Ogygia. wadibana nayo Ulysses owaba nabantwana abane naye, ngenxa yokuba wayigcina iminyaka esixhenxe esiqithini apho, eneziphazamiso, ukuze angathinti ukuhamba kwexesha. Ekugqibeleni Ulysses wayemkhumbula kakhulu umfazi wakhe UPenelope, que Calipso wamkhulula, wafa elusizi, enesithukuthezi.
I-Eros
Unyana ka I-Aphrodite y Ares, I-Eros imele uthando, ngumkhuseli wezithandani. Intsomi inokuthi i-pick evela kwiintolo zakhe ivutha uthando ebantwini. Abanye bathi wayesongamela unxibelelwano phakathi koothixo nabantu. U-Eros uyahlonishwa, kwisithethe samaGrike, njengothixo wokuzala, unoxanduva lokuba nenzala eyomeleleyo nehloniphekileyo.
Nereids
Ziintombi ezingamashumi amahlanu Nereus y Doris. Babegqalwa njengabathakathi, babonakala elwandle bekhwele amahlengesi yaye apho babehlonelwa. Bamntwisisa ubuhle kunye nokumangalisa kwehlabathi laselwandle. Babebakhusela oomatiloshe kuhambo lwabo baza babacela ukuba babakhusele kumarhamncwa aselwandle. Izibingelelo ezazinikelwe kwaba thixo zazifumaneka emazantsi nasemaweni.
ukulala
Igama elithi acamante sisihloko esinikwa amagorha amaninzi: nanini na umntu esenza isenzo esinye okanye ngaphezulu ingakumbi ubugorha, wayenikwa isihloko se-acamante. Oyena wavunywa kakhulu kwabo bafumene iwonga ngunyana ka Ezi y UPhaedra, kwaye ngoyena bambiza ngokuba yi-acamante. Igama elithi acamante lisetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kumaqhawe amaninzi entsomi yamaGrike, ngakumbi unyana ka Ezi y Phaedra.
Actaeon
Actaeon Ungomnye wabalinganiswa basentsomini owaduma ngokulusizi ngokubona uArtemis ehamba ze ngelixa uthixokazi wayehlamba. Wayengumzingeli kwaye uthixokazi ngomsindo wamguqula waba yinyamakazi. izinja ze Actaeon Besibona eso silwanyana, basitshabalalisa, bengazi ukuba umniniso. Emva koko bamkhangela ekhala ehlathini, de kwaba yicentaur i-chiron, wabaqinisekisa ngokubabonisa umfanekiso we Actaeon.
Admetus
Wayengomnye weeArgonauts kwaye izenzo zakhe zamenza wathandwa ngoothixo. Wathandana naye Alcestis, kodwa uyise wentombazana wala ukutshata. Apollo bangenelela kwaye abathandanayo bakwazi ukutshata. Ngemini yomtshato balibala ukwenza imbeko Artemis, lo thixokazi ukruqulayo wayizalisa loo ndawo yayivalelwe ngeenyoka ezinobuhlungu. Alcestis wathembisa ukufa endaweni yomyeni wakhe. Ngokwentsomi Ifowuni yomnxeba incoma idini, wayihlangula intombazana kwelabafileyo waza wayibuyisela ecaleni komyeni wayo.
Adonis
Adonis wazalwa emthini Imore, wamkelwa ngu I-Aphroditeowajika unina waba ngumthi. Wamshiya kwinkathalo ka Ifowuni yomnxeba, ezi zithixo zibini zaphela zisilwa ngaye, ngoko Zeus Wazimisela ukuba batshintshisane ngokubanyamekela. Ares wambulala ngokuba nenkunzi yemvu njengoko wayenomona ngelo xesha I-Aphrodite uzinikele enkwenkweni. Adonis luphawu lwentwasahlobo.
UAphrodite, omnye wabalinganiswa abakhethekileyo basentsomini
I-Aphrodite kwavela elwandle, apho i zephyrs bamse kuye Cythera, apho i Estaciones Ayamamkela aze amse kwindawo yokuhlala yezithixo. Nangona ethanda uAres, watshata Hephaestus. Ngobunye ubusuku Hephaestus wazibamba izithandane ngomnatha womlingo, wababiza abanye oothixo njengamangqina akhe, ebahlazisa bobabini. I-Aphrodite ukuba lo waya kuye ECyprus.
Agamemnon
Agamemnon, yayingumninawa ka Meneus umyeni Helena. ukuxhwilwa kwe Helenauqalise imfazwe ngokuchasene UTroy, phi Agamemnon Waba nenxaxheba ebalaseleyo, njengomphathi-mikhosi. Wenza izinto ezininzi zobugorha waza ekubuyeni kwakhe wenziwa ukumkani Argos. Umfazi wakhe wahamba IClytemnestra, awatshata naye emva kokubulala umyeni wakhe. Waduma ngokuthatha isithandwa sakhe IiAchilles, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba ayeke ukulwa, nto leyo eyaphantse yabangela ukuba baphulukane nemfazwe.
U-Aix, umlinganiswa onomdla wasentsomini wamaGrike
aix yibhokhwe ababeyityisa Zeus. Xa uthixo ezelwe, unina, ukuba amfihle, wamnika Amalthea wamtyisa ngobisi lwale bhokhwe. Yayisisidalwa esikhulu eso, esabangela ukuba abantu babe noloyiko I-Titanes; Bamfihla emqolombeni kwiinduli zedolophu Umtya. aix Kwakhona wayedlala naye Zeus lwaza lwaphuka uphondo ngempazamo. Olu luphondo lwentabalala, kuba luzalisa ngomlingo ngazo zonke iimpahla ezinqwenelwa ngumniniyo.
Alcaeus
Wayengunyana wokuqala ka Perseus, ogqalwa njengokhokho we Hercules. wehla ukusuka Zeus nakumama Poseidon. Utshatile kunye I-Astidamia, ngaloo ndlela kumanyanisa iintsapho ezimbini zomnombo omkhulu wamagorha. Wayengumlawuli Iitiryns, apho wangena ezihlangwini zikayise. Akaqatshelwa ngayo nayiphi na into ebalulekileyo, kodwa amaqhawe amakhulu avela kwinzala yakhe. Yisandulela sesinye sezona nzala zikhankanyiweyo kwingxelo yezenzo zamagorha entsomi yamaGrike.
Alcestis
Alcestis Waduma ngokuthabatha indawo yomyeni wakhe xa izithixo zagqiba kwelokuba zibuphelise ubomi bakhe. awafela kuyo IHeraclesWaziphosa kwelabafileyo ukuze amhlangule. Enye inguqulelo isixelela oko Ifowuni yomnxeba, eshukunyiswa sisenzo sika AlcestisWayembuyisele kwilizwe labaphilayo. Alcestis naye wabonakalisa uthando kuyise, engavumi ukuba nenxaxheba ekubulaweni kwakhe, okwakwenziwa ngoodadewabo.
Amalthea
Ngokutsho kwezinye iintsomi, Amalthea yayiyibhokhwe enika ubisi lwayo ukuba ilundle Zeus, ezinye ezongezelelekileyo zithi yayiyinjubaqa ephethe inkathalo yothixo. njengoko besitsho Amalthea, ukukhusela Zeus Wathi engekayiboni uyise, wayixhoma emthini waza wayibeka ecaleni kwayo IiCurettes, izilwanyana ezingxola ngokugqithiseleyo, ukuze kungavakali ukukhala kwazo. Yile ndlela abathintela ngayo uCrono ukuba angadli unyana wakhe kwaye ekugqibeleni wabulala uyise waza wabahlangula abazalwana bakhe.
Amphitrite
Amphitrite ligama ekuthiywe ngalo intombi yeNkosi Nereid Doris, nothixokazi wolwandle oluzolileyo. Nguye ojongene nokuququzelela iingoma zoodadewabo. waxhwilwa ngu Poseidon, owambona edanisa waza wamthanda. Wayedla ngokubonwa ecula ekhatshwa sisithixo solwandle. Naye wayenabantwana abane, omnye wabo wayengowodumo I-Triton.
I-Anteros
Wayeyinzala ka Ares kunye neAphrodite. U-Anteros wazalwa ngenxa yokuba uAphrodite wayefuna umntu adlala naye I-Eros, ekubeni inkwenkwe ayizange ikhule ngobukhulu. Le yayiyinto eyayimkhathaza uthixokazi. Ekuqaleni, la makhwenkwe ayeziintshaba yaye esilwa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha yonke into yatshintsha I-Anteros wazinikela ekuphindezeleni izithuko kuye I-Eros. Xa uthando lukhuthazwa ngu I-Eros, kwangenelela I-Anteros ukulungisa yonke into.
Antigone
Antigone yayisisiqhamo sobudlelwane phakathi kombulo iOedipus kunye neJocasta. Wayengomnye wabantwana abane besi sibini. Ubesoloko ehamba noyise ngokuthembeka, kususela koko awakrululayo amehlo akhe, waya elubhacweni, kwada kwayimini yokufa kwakhe ezweni. Amakholoni. Umalume wakho UCreon Wamgweba ukuba angcwatywe ephila. Wadibana naye ngokumngcwaba ngokufanelekileyo umnakwabo Iipolynices, owayetyholwa ngokungcatsha UCreon.
Arges
Arges Wayengomnye weCyclopes yokuqala, unyana ka Uranus kunye neGaiaWayeneliso elinye kuphela kwaye enomsindo omkhulu. Ekunye nabantakwabo Brontes kunye neSteropes, waba nenxaxheba kwidabi nxamnye noyise ukuze ancede Cronos ukumbetha. Udume ngokwenza iindudumo zikathixo Zeus. Wayesisidalwa esichubekileyo njengengcibi, esenza izixhobo ezininzi ezinamandla ezazisetyenziswa ngoothixo.
iatlasi
iatlasi, wayeyinzala yetitan Iapetus kunye nenymph UClymene, kunye nesalamane sikaPrometheus. Phezulu Wayeyingxilimbela enkulu eyasilwela kwicala leenkosi edabini ukukhupha izithixo edabini. Olimpo. Njengoko boyisa ingxabano, uAtlas wagwetywa ukuba athwale emagxeni akhe ubunzima beplanethi kunye nesibhakabhaka esamtyumza ubomi bakhe bonke.
Esinye seziganeko ezidumileyo athe wathabatha inxaxheba kuzo kuxa wayencedisa IHeracles ukufumana ama-apile egolide kwigadi yeziqhamo Hesperides, aba yayiyintsapho iatlasi. Wayenguyise wabalinganiswa basentsomini abafana no Izihlambo kunye iihyades. IsiGrike ayisiyiyo yodwa inkcubeko enabalinganiswa bentsomi, ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nesi sihloko onokufunda ngaso, uThixo Jupiter.
Emva kwexesha iatlasi wajika waba yintaba akubona intloko ye eMedusa, inqunyulwe Perseus nokuba wambonisa ebusweni bokuswela kwakhe ububele. Njengento enomdla, igama elithi atlanteans, isininzi se iatlasi, ichaza kwi-architecture yeklasikhi iintsika eziqingqwe ngendlela yendoda.