Ngokungathandabuzekiyo enye yeentaka ezingaqhelekanga ezikhoyo namhlanje, kunye nomsebenzi othile, oko kukuthi, kwimeko yendoda, ukumangalisa abantu ngemibala eqaqambileyo kunye nokuziphatha kwaye, kwimeko yebhinqa, IPkoko, kungekhona nge-hue eqaqambileyo kwiintsiba zayo, nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-ecosystem, kunye nezilwanyana kunye nomzekelo ogqibeleleyo wokulungelelanisa.
Indawo yokuhlala apho ipikoko ifumaneka khona
Le ntaka inzima yayinemvelaphi eMzantsi Asia, ifumaneka kuwo wonke amazantsi elizwe nakwimimandla eyinkqantosi yaseSri Lanka, ubukhulu becala kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezingaphantsi kwe-1800 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle (masl), ehlala kwiindawo ezikufuphi ne-2000 m, kwezinye iindawo eziphakamileyo. amaxesha. Zikhona kuzo zombini iindawo zasehlathini ezomileyo nezifumileyo, kodwa ziyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nobomi kwiindawo apho kuqhutywa khona ezolimo kwaye kufutshane neendawo zokuhlaliswa kwabantu, ngakumbi apho kukho i-aquifer tributaries.
Abanye abaphandi kunye nababhali-mbali baye bachaza ukuba olu hlobo lwafakwa kwilizwekazi laseYurophu ngenxa ka-Alexander Omkhulu, ngelixa abanye bathi yafunyanwa kwangexesha laseGrisi yaMandulo malunga ne-450 BC. C., ekwaziyo ukwaziswa kwangethuba. Ukususela ngelo xesha ukuya phambili, iye yathunyelwa kumazwe ahlukeneyo ehlabathini, ikwazi ukuyifumana endle.
Inkcazo emfutshane yepikoko
Le ntaka ihambelana neentlobo ezine-dimorphism yesini ephawulweyo. Ngokubhekiselele kwinkunzi yolu hlobo, inokulinganisa phakathi kwe-100 ukuya kwi-115 yeesentimitha ukusuka emlonyeni ukuya emsileni, ifikelela kumxhelo wama-225 eesentimitha ukuya ekupheleni kweentsiba zayo ezinkulu ezikhethekileyo ezenza i-fan, ekwabizwa ngokuba ngumsila wesibini, xa Zifikelela kwi-4 centimitha uphuhliso olupheleleyo, ukufikelela ubunzima phakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-2 yeekhilogram. Imazi inobunzima obuphakathi kwe-4,5 ukuya kwi-XNUMX yeekhilogram.
ipikoko eyindoda
Iintsiba zenxalenye yangaphambili yesilwanyana ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye ne-cobalt gradations eqaqambileyo, kunye neendawo eziluhlaza, ezifana ne IParrot macala omabini entloko. Kule, kubekwe umlomo ongwevu kwaye phezulu kukho uhlobo lwentsiba eneshafti emhlophe engenanto kunye neencam eziluhlaza ezineethowuni eziluhlaza. Ineliso nangaphantsi kwale migca mibini yesikhumba emhlophe engenantsiba, nto leyo inceda ukuyibona ngaphaya kweentsiba.
Indawo yangasemva yenziwe ngeentsiba ezifana nezikali, ezimnyama kunye nohlaza kunye neetoni zobhedu kunye nezobhedu. Amaphiko ayo kunye nokufakwa kwe-scapular kumnyama kuvaliwe ngomhlophe, ngakumbi ngeentsiba eziphambili, ezibonakalayo kuphela ngexesha lokubhabha, lombala wesinamoni. Umsila wayo ophambili unomdaka omnyama, ngelixa isixhobo sayo sokuthandana (umsila wesibini) sinemithunzi eluhlaza ukuya kwigolide, kunye nokulinganisa okuqaqambileyo okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nobhedu.
ipikoko yemazi
Umbala wentloko yowesifazane umdaka kunye neetoni ezibomvu ezinobuso obumhlophe kunye ne-plume efana neyendoda, enesiphelo esimdaka esineendawo eziluhlaza. Inentsimbi eluhlaza yentamo kunye neentsiba zesifuba ezinombala omdaka omnyama kunye namachokoza aluhlaza. Umzimba ongasentla wemazi IPkoko Inethowuni emdaka-mdaka kunye neendawo ezikhaphukhaphu, umsila, zombini eziziiprayimari kunye nesekondari, zimnyama kancinci. Abanayo fan enkulu.
Abancinci Iipikoko abantwana abasandula ukuzalwa batyheli ukuya kumdaka ngombala kunye namabala amancinci amnyama ekuqaleni. Umva wentamo unebala elimdaka elidibanisa amehlo. Iintsiba zamadoda amancinci zifana nezo zamabhinqa, kodwa ngamaphiko e-chestnut kunye ne-plume engabonakaliyo. Ezi azinawo umsila wesibini, kodwa zikhula xa zineminyaka emibini ubudala.
Ukuthetha kancinci malunga notshintsho
Olu hlobo lunolwahlulo oluninzi lwephenotype yeentsiba ngenxa yeenguqu ezahlukeneyo zemfuzo. Ezi ziphuhliswa ngokungaqhelekanga kwindalo, kodwa ukwenza i-interbreeding elawulwayo yeentlobo ngelixa ekuthinjweni inike indibaniselwano eyahlukileyo, ishiya ezinye zazo njengesiqhelo kwaye zishiya ingcamango eyodwa ye "ipikoko eluhlaza» kwiintlobo zasendle.
Olu tshintsho lwemfuza lukhokelela kwiindidi ezimbini zombala kunye nepateni enokwenzeka, icacisa ukuba ukwahluka kwethoni kufikelela kwimithunzi eyahlukeneyo kwintsiba, ngelixa ezo zemo yolandelelwano lwemimandla okanye ukwabiwa kombala, kunyanzelekile ukuba ube nesiseko sombala wasendle. isitokhwe okanye enye yezininzi. Umbala unokudibaniswa kunye nomlinganisi omnye okanye abaninzi, ukuphumeza ezahlukeneyo Iipikoko, ethiya phakathi kwazo ipikoko esilivere ebizwa ngokuba yiharlequin opal.
Inkcazo yee-peacock shades
Kuyathakazelisa ukujonga iziphumo zenkqubo enzima ngolo hlobo kwinqanaba lemfuza, kodwa inomdla xa ifika kumgangatho kunye nokuchukumisa. Ihlelwa ngolu hlobo:
Mhlophe: Ihambelana nenye yeendibaniselwano ezikhangayo, ezifunyenwe ngenxa yokukhetha okukhethiweyo kwee-turkeys ezinamabala amhlophe kwipatheni yazo. Utshintsho abaluphetheyo lukhokelela kwi-leucism epheleleyo, ethintela i-melanin ukuba ingabikho kwiiseli zeentsiba, ishiya iintsiba zazo zombini izini zimhlophe ngokupheleleyo. Inzala, ekuzalweni, ikhanya tyheli ngombala, ifana nombala we IiCanaries zincinci.
Ubhedu: Ibhekisa kwintsiba esemqaleni, intloko kunye namehlo alula (ocelli) omsila wesibini, ithoni emdaka kakhulu, eneendawo ezithile eziluhlaza ezime entloko, zikwazi ukwenza mnyama kwiindawo ezikufutshane. emzimbeni.
Cameo: Imizuzwana ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuthandana, iintsiba zintsundu, kodwa ezi zikhanya njengoko iintsuku zihamba, zibe mdaka otyhafileyo, okufana “nekofu enobisi”, amaphiko abe mnyama kancinci kunomgca wesibini. Intamo kunye nentloko zihlala zimnyama, ngelixa i-ocelli ivumela i-shades ehlukeneyo yomdaka ukuba iboniswe. Iintsiba zemazi zinemibala ekhrimu, azinayo i-iridescence okanye iithowuni ezibalaseleyo.
Ilahleko: Ngokwale ndawo, iindawo apho endle zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kolu tshintsho zimnyama ngokumenyezelayo, azibengezeli kangako. Umsila wesibini umnyama ukuya kungwevu ngombala, unamehlo omnye, anethoni eyomeleleyo. Kwimeko yabasetyhini, bavame ukuba mnyama kuneentlobo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye bengenakho ukugqamisa okuluhlaza kwentamo.
jade: Indawo ephambi kwentaka inombala oluhlaza kakhulu, ofana nejeyidi. Umsila wesibini unombala omdaka, kunye neembalasane zomnquma onamehlo alula aluhlaza.
Ubusuku bobusuku: Ngokufana okukhulu nombala wezilwanyana zasendle, ngokungafaniyo ne-melanism epheleleyo efezekisa ithoni emnyama kakhulu emzimbeni wayo.
yihakinto: Ngaphambili kwe IPkoko ingwevu emnyama, kwaye umzimba wonke unomthunzi okhaphukhaphu wengwevu. Ukukhanya kwesifuba ku-violet kunye nomsila wesibini uneminquma yomnquma enebala eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, elimfusa kunye neliluhlaza. Iimazi namantshontsho azo zingwevu ngokupheleleyo.
iphitshiUkubonakala: Iqukethe umthunzi ogxininisiweyo we-brown entloko, intamo kunye nenxalenye ephezulu yomzimba, kubandakanywa ne-plume, okwenza kube lula ukubona i-shades elula, ephakathi kwe-brown kunye ne-orenji, phantse ifana neepesika, isondela emhlophe; kwabasetyhini i-shades emdaka ilula.
Ezimhlophe: Kule meko, i-blue yentamo ivelele kakhulu, ibonisa izibonakaliso ezimfusa. Indawo ekufutshane nombindi omnyama weliso elinye imfusa, ngelixa intamo yeemazi inamachokoza amfusa.
Taupe: Ngokufana neentlobo ze-opal, nangona kunjalo, i-shades yendoda ifakwe kwi-uniform light light grey, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya okumdaka.
Umahluko phakathi kweepateni
Olu tshintsho luvelisa iipateni ezigqwesileyo, ezinomtsalane kakhulu, kodwa zichaneke ngokuthe ngqo ngokunqunyulwa kweentlobo zezidalwa ezithe zenzeka. Phakathi kwazo kukho:
iphiko elimnyama: Ekuqaleni yayithathwa njenge-subspecies ye-phenotype yasendle, kodwa ngokwenene i-genetic randomness eyenza i-melanism kumadoda. Umahluko ufumaneka kwiintsiba zesibini kunye neziphezulu zamaphiko, endaweni yokulandelelana kwemivimbo, bonisa i-hue emnyama ngokupheleleyo okanye ngamabala amancinci amhlophe. I-Melanism inokuchaphazela iblue yesifuba nentamo, ibe namandla kwiphiko elimnyama. Iintsiba zemazi nazo zisengozini.
IHarlequin: Kulo mzekelo, kukho i-leucism inxalenye kwiindawo ezinkulu zomzimba wayo, yiyo loo nto amabala amakhulu amhlophe asasazwa ngokukhululekileyo kwaye asasazeke kwiintsiba zesini zombini, ngelixa kukho ezinye iindawo ezinemibala kunye nethoni yesiseko.
Iliso elimhlophe: Iso elilula le-polychrome limhlophe kwii-offsets ezahlukeneyo. Iintsiba zamaphiko okuqala zithande ukuba mhlophe. Intsalela yeentsiba inokufumaneka kwiindidi ezininzi zemibala.
isilivere yeharlequin: Ihambelana nesimbuku semidibaniso emibini yangaphambili yepateni, ivelisa ipikoko yeharlequin enamehlo alula anombala omhlophe. Iintsiba zayo ezininzi zinetinge emhlophe eneendawo ezincinci eziluhlaza kunye neplatinam. Kutshanje, kufunwa ukudibanisa kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo.
Iminqamlezo yeeturkeys ezahlukeneyo (Hybrids)
Iqatshelwa njenge IPkoko "Ukuchitha» kwinzala edibeneyo okanye ye-mestizo, ngoko kuthetha, imveliso yeminqamlezo phakathi komzekelo wePavo cristatus naluphi na uhlobo kunye nenye yeentlobo ezinxulumene neTurkey umvumbo (Ipikoko enentamo eluhlaza). Ithwele eli gama ngokuhlonipha iNorth American Keith Spalding, umfuyi wokuqala kwezi Iintaka. Iintsiba zalo mxube luhlobo lweentlobo ezimbini, eziluhlaza kunye neendawo ezithile zobhedu entanyeni nasesifubeni.
I-plume ixinene ngokuphakathi kwaye ndede. Kwingingqi yobuso kukho indawo emhlophe engenanto ehlanganiswe nesikhumba se-orbital esandisa ngeendlebe kunye namehlo. Inobude nobubanzi obukhulu kunepikoko eqhelekileyo, kodwa inombala obhityileyo ngandlel’ ithile, kwaye imile kakuhle kakhulu, ingumnqamlezo othambekele ekucingeni ukuba kunokwenzeka utshintsho olukhulu okanye lube kuwo.
Zitya ntoni iipikoko?
Olu hlobo luyi-omnivorous, lunokutya okuyimfuneko kwembewu, amaqunube, iziqhamo, imifuno, izinambuzane, izityalo, amasele kunye nezirhubuluzi ezincinci. I Iipikoko bahamba bejijekile njengeenyoka, babaleka njengeekati kwaye balumke njengenyathi enkulu xa bejonga iintshukumo zeentshaba zabo. Ziintaka ezihlala isithembu; inkunzi nganye inokuba namaqabane amane okanye amahlanu angamaqabane.
Le ntaka itya kwaye idale indlwane yayo emhlabeni, kumngxuma ongekho nzulu edla ngokuwuvala ngamasebe okanye ngamagqabi. Ngokuchasene nobukhulu bayo kunye neentsiba ezinde, ikwazi ukuqhuba iinqwelomoya ezimfutshane, eyenza kuphela ukufikelela kumasebe emithi apho ilala khona kwaye ichitha ubusuku, ukongeza ekuyikhuseleni kuyo nayiphi na irhamncwa. .
Zizala njani iipikoko?
Ixesha lobushushu nokukhwelana kukwintlakohlaza, apho inkunzi izala neemazi eziliqela, ezinokususela kwisi-4 ukuya kwezisi-6. Imazi izalela phakathi kwamaqanda amane nasibhozo amdaka ngebala, athi aqanduselwe yimazi kuphela ngexesha elithile. iintsuku ezingamashumi amabini anesibhozo; ngexesha inzala izalwa, sele inentsiba ezimbalwa ezimdaka kwaye ithwele i-tuft encinci entloko.
I-resonances eyenziwa yisilwanyana ayiqhelekanga njengento ekhangayo njengobukho bayo, ngokuqhelekileyo ifana ne-squawks enokuthi ifaniswe ne-meow yekati, kunye neengqungquthela ezinzulu ngokumangalisayo. Rhoqo, ikhupha ingxolo ebukhali kakhulu efana neyomntwana ocela uncedo; Xa iphambi kwemazi, inkunzi ibonisa umsila wayo omkhulu wesibini, ozele yi-ocelli entle.
Iimeko apho ipikoko inokubandezeleka
Zijika zibe nobuntununtunu kakhulu kwindawo ezifumileyo kunye namaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu, ukulawula ukosulelwa iimeko zokuphefumla, usulelo lwamathumbu kunye nesifo sephepha. Xa zikwidigri ezimbini ze centigrade (2°C) i Iipikoko imilenze yabo ikhubazekile, ibangela ukuba bahambe kancinci, kunye nentliziyo ephantsi; ziintaka ezingenzelwanga indawo ezingqongileyo ezinobushushu obubalulekileyo.
Indima yepikoko kwimbali yehlabathi
Le ntaka inzalelwane yaseIndiya. Ngexesha xa uAleksandire Omkhulu esenza iphulo nokoyisa kwakhe kwintshona yeIndiya yamandulo, wakwazi ukufumana ezi ntaka waza wahambisa imizekelo eliqela ukuya nayo kwisixeko saseBhabhiloni. Ukususela ngelo xesha, le ntlobo yasasazeka kwiMedia, iPersi kwaye kamva kwezi zikumkani, amaRoma ayithatha kwilizwekazi laseYurophu.
Impucuko yamandulo yayiyithanda kakhulu inyama namaqanda ezi ntaka. Kukholelwa ukuba i-orator uQuinto Hortensio Hórtalo ngumntu wokuqala owazisa phakathi kwamaRoma ulonwabo lwenyama yezi zinto ziphilayo, awakwazi ukunikela ngesiganeko esikhulu awasinika sona xa i-augur yasungulwa. UMarco Anfidio Luco wayengumntu wokuqala owacinga ukuhlanganisana njengohlobo oluthile lomhlambi kunye nokutyeba.
Ipikoko ithandwa kakhulu kwizikhumbuzo zamandulo. Ubonwa kunye noJuno emgcina enkampanini, nto leyo emfakayo ngokwenene. Ikwachazwe ngokweenkcukacha ngeembasa zeSamos, ezidume ngesiko ababesenza kulo thixokazi nakwiimbasa zamaRoma apho ipikoko noJuno zazinokubonwa khona. Kuphela kwiimbalwa ezimbalwa, i-turkey ibonwa ezinyaweni ze-Isis kunye ne-Providence, ngokuphawulekayo ibonisa ukufezekiswa kokuphumelela kwee-empresses. I-turkey enomsila wayo obanzi yayiluphawu olungento.
Ukubaluleka kwepikoko kwinkcubeko yehlabathi nakwimbali
Intsingiselo yepikoko ibanzi, ngokobungangamsha enabo, yatsala ingqalelo yabantu ngendlela enamandla kumaxesha angaphambili. Nangona inxulumene naleyo yamampunge, i IPkoko Kuninzi, kwiinkcubeko ezininzi, umfuziselo welanga onxibelelene ngokusondeleyo nobuhle, ukungafi kunye nozuko. Ivela eIndiya, ekubeni nguAlexander omkhulu omkhulu owenza ukuba kwaziwe eNtshona, kunye nefuthe layo elingokomfanekiso kulo lonke elaseAsia Minor, kuquka neGrisi kwiXesha leClassic.
Ukubaluleka kwayo okanye ubudlelwane kunye neLanga, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, idibaniswe nomsila wayo obanzi wee-shades ezahlukeneyo kunye nokubonakaliswa kwayo ngendlela yamehlo, ngenxa yesimo sesetyhula kunye ne-luster, idibanisa kunye nomjikelezo obalulekileyo kunye nongunaphakade wendalo. . Ipikoko ngoku yintaka yesizwe yaseIndiya. Kwinkcubeko yamaHindu, le ntaka iyakwazi ukukhokelela kuSkanda, uthixo wemfazwe.
Ngexesha lamaGrike, yaba yintaka emele uHera, oyena thixokazi ubalulekileyo wamaGrike waseOlympus, umfazi osemthethweni kaZeus kunye nothixokazi wabafazi nomtshato. Ngokutsho kweenkolelo, uHera wayalela uArgos, isigebenga esasinamehlo achanekileyo aliwaka, ukuba alandele omnye wabafazi bomyeni wakhe ongathembekanga, kodwa watshatyalaliswa nguHermes. Xa uthixokazi weva ngokufa kuka-Argos, wabamba malunga namehlo amalunga nekhulu waza wawabeka kumsila wepikoko, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibonakale ngoku.
KuBukhosi baseRoma, ii-empresses kunye namakhosazana abamba intaka njengophawu lwabo. Kule nkalo, i-peacock ikwazi ukumela umKristu, idibanisa ngendlela enkulu enxulumene noThixokazi Omkhulu, yingakho akunzima ukudibanisa umanyano lwakhe oluhle kunye neNtombikazi kaMariya kunye nobukhulu beParadesi. Xa sithetha ngenkolo yobuKrestu, ithathwa njengomfuziselo wokuvuka kukaKristu kuba kwixesha lokuqala lonyaka, ngexesha lePasika, intaka itshintsha ngokupheleleyo iintsiba zayo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo akuqhelekanga ukuyimela inomsila wayo, kuba ingumfanekiso okhuthaza amampunge, ingcamango echasene nesisa kunye nokulula kwesigidimi sobuKristu. Zijongwa kwi-mosaic yenkulungwane yesine kunye nalo mfanekiso kwicawa yaseRoma yaseSanta Constancia, kunye nakumangcwaba athile obuKristu. Ngokubanzi, kwiifom ze Iipikoko babhenca intaka ukuba isela kwindebe okanye indebe nakuMthombo woBomi, nto leyo ebonisa ukuzalwa ngokutsha nokukhula ngokomoya.
Ubume bepikoko obunyanzelisayo nobungaqhelekanga butsale umdla wabantu ukusukela kumaxesha amandulo, befuna ukubazisa kulwazi lwezinyanya kunye nenkolo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo embalini, ukuqala ngemimandla yejografi eyindawo yabo yokuqala yokuhlala. Izithethe ezingenakubalwa, eziquka ngokukodwa ezo zenzeka eMzantsi Indiya naseSri Lanka, zimnxulumanisa nezithixo zasekuhlaleni; Uninzi lwemidaniso yesintu yaseIndiya ibonisa amanyathelo aphefumlelweyo ngokuthandana kwepikoko.