I-Mosque yaseCordoba yenye yezikhumbuzo zezakhiwo uninzi lwatyelela eAndalusia naseSpain. Ubutyebi bayo obuninzi bobugcisa kunye nokuhlukahluka kwezakhiwo, kunye nayo yonke imbali equlethwe kwiindonga zayo, yenza kube yindawo ebalulekileyo kunye nomnye wabameli ababalulekileyo bobugcisa bamaSilamsi.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga iindawo zeMosque yaseCordoba, sixelele apha.
Indawo yangoku yeMosque yaseCórdoba iye yaba ezizinikele kwiinkonzo ezahlukeneyo kangangeenkulungwane. Ngaphantsi kweeVisigoths i-Basilica yaseSan Vicente yakhiwa kwaye i-mosque yokuqala yakhiwe phezu kwayo. Ngelo xesha, indawo yabelwa ixesha elithile AmaSilamsi kunye namaKrestu kwada kwavela amaSilamsi amaninzi kulo mmandla. Kungelo xesha eyafunyanwa ngayo Abderraman I, owayalela ukwakhiwa kwe Alama mosque njengendawo ephambili yonqulo esixekweni.
Okwangoku, uninzi lwezinto zokwakha zeVisigothic zesakhiwo zibandakanyiwe kwinxalenye ye-mosque yase-Abderraman I.
Iinxalenye zeCordoba Mosque
I-Mosque yaseCórdoba okwangoku ineendawo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: intendelezo ebizwa ngokuba yi-arcade. Intendelezo yemithi yeOrange, ifumaneka phi i-minaret, kunye negumbi elingaphakathi elinikezelwe kumthandazo.
Ummandla wangaphakathi uhlukaniswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ezihambelana nezandiso ezenziwe kwiminyaka. Singafumana ezi ndawo zilandelayo: I-Abderraman I-Mosque, i-First Extension, i-Second Extension, i-Third Extension kunye ne-Cathedral. Sinokuqaqambisa iinqaba ukusuka kwixesha lika-Abderraman III.
Icandelo apho i-mosque-cathedral yangoku yahlulwe inxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nembali ye-mosque ngokwayo, ekubeni siqala nge-Umayyad yobukhosi buka-Abderraman I, emva koko u-Abderraman II (ulwandiso lokuqala), u-Abderraman III (minaret), u-Al Haken. II (ulwandiso lwesibini), iAlmanzor (ulwandiso lwesithathu); Ekugqibeleni i-cathedral yakhiwa ngo-1146.
Ipatio yomthi we-orenji
Ukucwangciswa kwangoku kwePatio de los Naranjos ihambelana ne-1597, xa uBhishophu uReinoso, kunye nomyili wezakhiwo uHernán Ruiz, bacebisa ukuyilwa kwegadi yepatio, lo ngumba esinokuwuncoma namhlanje.
Kodwa i-patios yayingasoloko injalo. Ngexesha lamaSilamsi, yayisetyenziswa njengendawo yokwenza imisebenzi yoluntu njengokufundisa okanye ulawulo lobulungisa.. Igalari iqala ukwakhiwa phantsi kwegunya lika-Abderraman I kwaye iphele ngoHixem I. Ibizwa ngokuba Intendelezo yemithi yeOrange kuba ubukho bale mithi bekwaziwa ukusukela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu. Kamva kongezelelwa imisipres neminquma.
Abderraman I Mosque
Le yile enye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo kwiMosque yaseCordoba. I-arch yehashe yenye yezinto ezintsha zika-Abderraman I, nangona amakomkhulu neeshafti zeVisigoth okanye imvelaphi yamaRoma zaphinda zasetyenziswa kwizakhiwo.
Le mosque yokuqala kunye nezandiso ezilandelayo zijoliswe ngokumangalisayo emazantsi. Oku kunokuchazwa ngokuma kwesanti yoMlambo iGuadalquivir, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba kwenze umkhomba-ndlela wamandulo owawusiya eMecca ungenakwenzeka. Iiarches zeHorseshoe zaba luphawu lwezakhiwo zamaSilamsi, kwaye kulo mmandla zazide ngokuphindwe kabini. Zakhiwe ngamatye nezitena, nto leyo eyinika umlinganiswa we-bicolor wendawo.
U-Abderraman ndalandelwa ngu-Hixem I, owakha i-minaret yokuqala ye-Mosque yase-Córdoba, eyayineplani ye-quadrilateral. Ukwakhiwa kwegalari yepatio kukwabhekiselwa kuye, umsebenzi wakhe, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, yayingumthandazo wabasetyhini.
Ukwandiswa kweendawo zeMosque yaseCórdoba
Ukwandiswa kokuqala
Ngokufika kuka-Abderraman II, saba nolwandiso lwesibini ngo-822. Iholo yokuthandazela yandiswe yangamacandelo asibhozo kwaye inomhombiso onempembelelo ye-Abbasid. Kulwandiso lokuqala, ezinye iinkcukacha zongezwa, njengegumbi lobuncwane okanye indlela efihlakeleyo edibanisa iMihrab neAlcázar yeCaliphate yaseCórdoba.
Ulwandiso lwesibini
U-Abderraman III waba yicaliph ngonyaka we-929, kunye nokubonisa amandla obukumkani bamaSilamsi eNtshona, yandisa intendelezo yaza yakha i-minaret entsha, eyokuqala kulo mmandla wehlabathi. Kwakhona umlawuli wathatha imbopheleleko yakhe yokubeka iarch enkulu emile okwesihlangu sehashe kumnyango omkhulu wetempile.
Kamva, ngexesha lolawulo lwe-Al Hakem II, i-mosque yongezwa kumacandelo alishumi elinambini, ngaloo ndlela ifikelela ekwandisweni kwayo kwangoku. Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kolu lwandiso ziyi-blue and pink marble. Ekupheleni kwesakhiwo kukho i-mihrab, indawo yokuthandaza. I-double-walled, eqinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo sinamandla ngokwaneleyo.
Xa kusakhiwa olu lwandiso, kwakufuneka ukukhanya okongeziweyo, ngoko ke uthotho lweevaults ezenziwe ngeembambo ezinkulu zakhiwa. Olu hlobo lwevault, eyaziwa ngokuba i-caliphal ribbed vault, yayinempembelelo ecacileyo kubugcisa beMudejar. Le yenye indawo emele kakhulu kwisakhiwo, nangona ingafikeleli kubungakanani besaphetha se-bicolor. I-mihrab ineplani ye-octagonal, eyakhiwe ngedome enkulu emile okweqokobhe lomhambi ngezonqulo.
ulwandiso lwesithathu
Ukongezwa kokugqibela kweMosque yaseCórdoba kwaqhutywa yiAlmanzor ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Ngenxa yokuwa okusemnyango kwecaliphate, izinto ezisetyenziswe apha zinomgangatho ophantsi kunezongezo zangaphambili. I-Almanzor yakha ezinye iinave ezisi-8 ze-mosque, kodwa ngenxa yokuba kufutshane kwayo ayizange ijongane nomlambo (njengoko umanduleli wakhe wenzayo), kodwa wayakhela ngasempuma.
IChedral
Ngexesha lolawulo lukaCharles V, i-cathedral yakhiwa kwi-mosque yenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. YayinguBhishophu uManrique owavakalisa umnqweno wakhe wokwenza lo msebenzi. Ukwenza oku, bagcina ukwandiswa kwe-Alhaken II yomelele, bakha i-cathedral ngaphakathi kwe-mosque, isakhiwo sayo Isitayela seGothic, kodwa kunye nezinto zeBaroque yasekuqaleni.
Umakhi uHernán Ruiz wayephethe umsebenzi wokwenziwa komsebenzi, kwaye emva kokufa komyili wezakhiwo, unyana wakhe kwaye kamva umtshana wakhe waqhubeka nokwakha. Imalunga neenkulungwane ezimbini ubudala kwaye inemigangatho yeGothic, iimpawu zeBaroque zantlandlolo kunye nezindlu zesitayile seRenaissance..
Iplani yomgangatho wecathedral ngumnqamlezo wesiLatini, ngaphakathi sifumana iipulpiti ezijikelezwe nguMiguel Verdiguer, zikrolwe kwimahogany kunye nebhastile. I-Treasury enye igugu eliphawulekayo lesi sakhiwo, esenziwe ngesilivere kunye neendlovu ukusuka kwi-XNUMX ukuya kwi-XNUMXth inkulungwane.. Yingqokelela enomtsalane, kwaye apha sifumana iqhekeza elinomtsalane kakhulu: iCorpus Christi, eyenziwe ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX ngu-Enrique de Arfe.
Ke ukuba uceba ukutyelela eCórdoba, olu lwazi lunokuba luncedo xa ubona iMosque.