Los iipaneli zelanga o Iimodyuli zelanga zizixhobo ezitsala amandla avela kwimitha yelanga ukuze zisetyenziswe. Eli gama libhekisa kubaqokeleli belanga, abasetyenziswa ngokoqobo ukuvelisa amanzi ashushu asekhaya ngokusebenzisa amandla elanga iimodyuli ze-thermal, kunye ne-photovoltaic, ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane ngokusebenzisa amandla elanga e-photovoltaic.
Inkcazo yeepaneli zelanga
Inkcazo ecacileyo ukuba iiphaneli zelanga zidla ngokubonisa:
1. Iiphaneli ze-Photovoltaic
Zenziwe ngeeseli ezininzi guqula i ukukhanya kumbane. Iiseli ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ze-photovoltaic. Ezi seli zivela kwisiphumo se-photovoltaic apho amandla okukhanya avela kwiintlawulo ezilungileyo kunye nezibi kwiisekethe ezimbini ezidibeneyo ezidibeneyo zomzekelo ongalinganiyo, ngaloo ndlela kubangela intsimi yombane ekwazi ukudala intshukumo.
izixhobo zeseli zelanga Ngokuqhelekileyo ziyi-silicon eguquguqukayo okanye i-gallium arsenide. Iiglasi ze-Gallium arsenide zenziwe ngokuyimfuneko kusetyenziso lwe-photovoltaic, ngelixa iiglasi ze-silicon zisebenziseka ngexabiso eliphantsi, ii-ingots ezi-odolweyo, zidalwe ngakumbi ngeendleko zokwenza i-microelectronics. I-silicon ye-polycrystalline inamandla aphantsi okuguqulwa, kodwa iphantsi kwexabiso.
Xa ibonisiwe ukukhanya kwelanga okwangoku, i-silicon cell 6 cm kwi-axis inokubangela umgangatho malunga ne-0,5 A elingana ne-0,5 V. I-Gallium arsenide inamandla ngaphezu kwe-silicon, kodwa ibiza kakhulu.
Ulwakhiwo lweepaneli zelanga
Imidibaniso ukubamba i iipaneli iipaneli zelanga zenziwa nge-aluminiyam kunye nezikrufu zentsimbi ezixhathisayo ukuqinisekisa ukukhawulezisa okukhulu kunye nozinzo olukhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ulwakhiwo lunemigangatho emiselweyo yendawo, indawo kunye nokwahluka, nokuba kunye nombono othe tye kodwa othe nkqo (yonke into yencasa yabo baza kubanceda)
Ulwakhiwo ngokuqhelekileyo lwenziwe ngamacanton e-aluminium, i-groove yokulungisa, i-bevel, intambo yokuqinisa (i-triangle-angle), i-screw ye-Allen (ngokuqhelekileyo kunye ne-nut evunyelweneyo, yokudibanisa iphaneli) kunye ne-zeta yokuqinisa ukubambelela kwimodyuli kunye nobani. izandiso zithobela ubukhulu bepaneli yelanga.
Ukusebenza kweepaneli zelanga
Ukwazi indlela iipaneli zelanga ezisebenza ngayo Linyathelo lokuqala lokungena ngokupheleleyo kumandla elanga. Kulo myalelo weengcamango, kwimigca yangaphambili kwachazwa ukuba yintoni iphaneli yelanga kunye nendlela eyakhiwe ngayo, nangona kunjalo, ngoku ndiya kuchaza ngokuchanekileyo indlela esebenza ngayo ngokuchanekileyo.
Amandla elanga kusetyenziso lweepaneli zelanga
Ngaphambi kokwenza uphando malunga nendlela iipaneli zelanga ezisebenza ngayo, mhlawumbi amaxesha amaninzi ziye zabonwa kwiiphahla ezahlukeneyo zezakhiwo okanye izindlu, kuyimfuneko ukwazi ngendlela ethile iteknoloji esekelwe kuyo. amandla elanga.
Ngokufanayo, siyaqonda njengamandla elanga avela kwi- undoqo wenkwenkwezi yethu ukumkani okanye ngcono eyaziwa ngokuba ilanga. Isuka ngenxa yokuguqulwa kokupheliswa kwenyukliya nangenxa yemeko yomxhuzulane ephilayo ephantsi kwayo. Ilanga elidityaniswe yihydrogen kwaye phantsi kweemeko ezithile liyanyibilika lenze ihelium.
Le khosi ikhupha iimali ezininzi zamandla, ezivela kwi-axis ye iinkwenkwezi kwaye uhambe kwi-cosmos kwiminyaka yeebhiliyoni ezimbalwa. Iplanethi yethu, ebekwe ecaleni kwelanga, ithatha amandla ayo kwaye iyenze ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukuze i-atmosfera kunye ne-magnetosphere idilize inxalenye enkulu yemitha yelanga eyingozi, kodwa ivumela amaza okukhanya afanele ukukhanya okubonakalayo kunye ne-infrared. , ukuze into esiyithathayo kakhulu ukukhanya kunye nemincili.
Amandla athe angomnye wemisebenzi yemoto ebomini njengoko sihlala sihlala kuyo, kuba isuka kweyona nto iguqulweyo. iziphumo kwiplanethi yeplanethi: phakathi kwezinye, imimoya, ukulungelelaniswa kwamafu nemvula okanye iinguqulelo zemozulu kwihlabathi jikelele.
Umntu uye wafuna ukuphanda kunye nokwakha iindlela ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo zokunandipha la mandla kunye uyiguqule ibe yinkxaso yobomi kwiplanethi kwaye yiyo loo nto kule mizuzu iteknoloji iphuculwa ngamandla ukususa la mandla aphuma elangeni kwaye iguqulwe ibe amandla okusetyenziswa ebantwini.
Izibonelelo ezibonelelwa ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepaneli zelanga
Lo iipaneli zelanga yonwabela uthotho lokugqwesa eziziguqula zibe lolona khetho luhlangeneyo lwexesha elizayo. Phakathi kwabo kugqame:
1. Ukuguqulwa kwemisebe yelanga
Eyona nzuzo iqinisekileyo yeepaneli zelanga kukuba zikulungele ukuguqula imisebe yelanga elinika amandla. Isekelwe, ke ngoko, kumandla aguqukayo kakhulu kwaye angenasiphelo. I amandla ilanga alikho sengozini yokuphela, ngoko ke, akukho mfuneko yakukhathazeka ukuba iya kuphela, ubuncinane kwizigidi zeminyaka eliqela.
2. Amandla acocekileyo
Kwelinye icala, yindlela yokuvelisa amandla acocekileyo ngokupheleleyo. Iipaneli zelanga azifuni iindlela zamachiza, azifuni naluphi na uhlobo lwamafutha. Ngamanye amazwi, abavezi naluphi na uhlobo izinto zokwakha ukuze iatmosfera kwaye abancedi ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nesiphumo seshedi.
3. Sala kakuhle ukumosha
Ukusebenzisa iipaneli zelanga kuya kuphelisa ingxaki yokuqokelela inkunkuma. Amafutha e-archaeological athatha iminyaka ukunyamalala, azalise iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ukuze aphuphume kwaye achaphazele umoya, amanzi kunye nomhlaba. Kuba singathethi malunga nokuqokelela inkunkuma evela kumandla eathom.
4. Ukuphela kweentlekele zemvelo
ngamandla elanga iintlekele zemvelo zaziya kuphela ezifana nezo zenzeke kwimizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya enje ngeChernobyl okanye iFukushima nezinye eziye zihlanjululwe ngamaxesha athile, njengokuchitheka kweoyile ekrazula iilwandle kunye nemekobume yaselwandle.
5. Banceda ukuzimela
Iipaneli zelanga ziya kuvumela, umzekelo, ukudlula kwi-current in the little help regions, apho kungafikeleli nakwi-pitch yombane.
6. Iipaneli zelanga zinokubekwa kwinqanaba elikhulu
Ukubangela amandla kwiimali ezinkulu, okanye egameni leziseko ezincinci zasekhaya, ukuba zixabiseke amandla ye bra Ngendlela enye inokusebenza ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa koluntu ekukhanyeni, ngokusebenzisa izibane zelanga, umzekelo. Amafa ahlukahlukene.
Izigqibo malunga neepaneli zelanga
Umsebenzi weepaneli zelanga usekelwe kwisiphumo se-photovoltaic, eqala xa, kwiisekethe ezidibeneyo ezidibeneyo, Imitha yelanga ebangela umbane njengoko sele ndikhankanyile kwimihlathi edlulileyo.
Ngephanyazo ukuba imitha yelanga ihlala ingaqinisekanga, ukungalingani kulawulwa kwi eLuzi nxibelelana amandla akhe kwii-electron kwezixhobo ze-semi-conductor ezinokuthi, ngelo xesha, zitshabalalise umqobo osebenzayo we-PN junction, kwaye ngaloo ndlela uvela kwi-semi-conductor ngokusebenzisa i-contour yangaphandle.
Ngokunjalo, ezi seli ze-photovoltaic zihlengahlengiswa ngeendlela ezininzi ukuze zifezekise zombini amandla ombane afunwayo kunye namandla kwaye ngaloo ndlela zikwazi ukufumana ukuba amandla elanga agqibela ngokufakwa kumandla anokuthi asetyenziswe. yenziwe nge-semi-conductive material kunye ne-PN junction kunye ne ilingana nemvelaphi umbane.
Akufuneki sishiye ngaphandle kweli nqanaba lokuba iphaneli ye-photovoltaic yonyulwa njenge-aggregate yeeseli kwi-bracket efanelekileyo kwaye zineengubo ezikhuselayo kwizinto. esesibhakabhakeni.
Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba amandla elanga ngokusetyenziswa kweepaneli zelanga inokusekwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye ukonwabele ukusukela izinto eziguqulwe kakhulu njengoko kuchaziwe kwizahluko ezidlulileyo.