La Ijuba loMthunywa Yintaka ekulula kakhulu kwaye ekhawulezayo, eyona njongo yayo ikukuphumeza uthumo ngokukhawuleza, olulula kakhulu ngenxa yeyona ndawo ikuyo esithubeni. Qhubeka ufunda eli nqaku ukuze ufunde konke malunga nale ntaka emangalisayo.
Imbali yehobe homing
Ijuba elithwala njengendlela yokunxibelelana mhlawumbi indala njengamaPersi amandulo, apho ubugcisa bokuqeqesha iintaka mhlawumbi bavela khona. AbakwaMughal baye babasebenzisa njengabathunywa. AmaRoma ayesebenzisa abathunywa behobe ukuba bancede emkhosini wabo kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-2000 XNUMX eyadlulayo. UFrontinus wathi uJulius Caesar wasebenzisa amahobe njengabathunywa ekoyiseni kwakhe iGaul.
AmaGrike anikela ingxelo ngabaphumeleleyo kwiiOlimpiki ngale ndlela kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, zazisetyenziswa amahobe ophethe umbala eBaghdad. Umfundisi waseNaval uHenry Teonge uchaze kwidayari yakhe inkonzo yeposi yejuba eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa ngabarhwebi phakathi kwe-İskenderun kunye ne-Aleppo. Ngaphambi kwetelegraph, le ndlela yokunxibelelana yayinefashoni kakhulu phakathi kwabathengisi bempahla kunye nabaxhasi.
Urhulumente wamaDatshi waseka inkqubo yasekuhlaleni neyezomkhosi eJava naseSumatra ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-1851, efumana iintaka eBaghdad. Ngo-XNUMX, uPaul Julius Reuter owazalelwa eJamani wavula iofisi kwisiXeko saseLondon eyayisasaza amaxabiso esitokhwe phakathi kweLondon neParis ngentambo entsha. Calais ukuya eDover.
Imibutho emininzi yokufuya amahobe kolu didi yasekwa kuwo onke amazwe aphambili aseYurophu, yaye ekuhambeni kwexesha oorhulumente abahlukahlukeneyo baseka iinkqubo zonxibelelwano ngeenjongo zasemkhosini ngembalelwano yamahobe.
Emva kokuba ihobe phakathi kweenqaba zomkhosi ivavanyiwe ngokucokisekileyo, ingqalelo yaphethukela ekusebenziseni kwayo iinjongo zaselwandle, ukuthumela imiyalezo kwiinqanawa kumanzi akufuphi. Yayikwasetyenziswa ngamaziko eendaba nabantu ngabanye ngezihlandlo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Oorhulumente bamazwe ngamazwe baseka iindlela zabo kuquka nokusetyenziswa kwe homing amahobe.
Kwawiswa imithetho eyenza ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahobe anjalo kube sisono, amabhaso anikelwa kwimibutho yabucala ukuze kukhuthazwe ukusebenza kakuhle, yaye kwanikelwa izibonelelo zokutshatyalaliswa kwezi ntaka. Phambi kokufika kukanomathotholo, amaphephandaba ayesebenzisa amajuba ukunika ingxelo ngomdyarho weeyacht, kwaye ezinye iiyacht zazixhotyiswe ngeendawo eziphezulu.
Ngexesha lokusekwa kweenkonzo zeposi zehobe, ukubhaliswa kwazo zonke iintaka kwaqaliswa. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuze kuthintelwe ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zamazwe angaphandle, kwabekwa ubunzima kwindlela yokuthumela iintaka zabo kumazwe angaphandle ukuze ziqeqeshwe yaye kwezinye iimeko ookhetshe babeqeqeshwa ngokukhethekileyo ukuze baqhawule inkonzo ngexesha lemfazwe.
AmaJamani amisela umzekelo ngokusebenzisa ookhetshe nxamnye namahobe aseParis ngowe-1870-71. Kubonakala ngathi akukho ndlela yanelisayo eyenziweyo yokukhusela ezi ntaka zibuthathaka, nangona amaTshayina ayefudula enika amavukuthu awo iimpempe neentsimbi zokugxotha iintaka ezidla inyama. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iradiotelegraphy kunye nemfonomfono zikhula, ukusetyenziswa kwamahobe kwakulinganiselwe kwimfazwe enqatyisiweyo kwasekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1910.
Ngokomzekelo, iBritish Admiralty yayeka inkonzo yayo yamahobe ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-250.000, nangona yayiphumeze umgangatho ophezulu wokusebenza kakuhle. Noko ke, iintaka ezininzi zazisagcinwe kwiinqaba ezinkulu zaseFransi, eJamani naseRashiya xa kwaqhambuka iMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II, iUnited Kingdom yasebenzisa malunga nama-XNUMX amahobe.
Zeziphi iimpawu zehobe elithwalayo?
Amahobe asekhaya akwi-odolo yeColumbiformes. Igama layo lezenzululwazi nguEctopistes migratorius. I-Ectopistes ithetha "ukuhamba okanye ukuzulazula" kwaye i-migratorius ithetha "ukufuduka". Igama lezenzululwazi linentsingiselo yentaka engafuduki kuphela entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kodwa iphinda ihambe ukusuka kwixesha lonyaka ukuya kwixesha lonyaka ukukhetha eyona ndawo ilungileyo yokuzalela kunye nokutyisa.
Inkangeleko yale ntaka yayihambelana neempawu zayo zokubhabha, isantya kunye nokuhamba. Intloko nentamo zazincinci; umsila omde, omile okwengca kunye namaphiko amade atsolo, ayexhaswa zizihlunu zesifuba ezikhulu ezazinika isakhono sokubhabha ixesha elide.
Ubude obuqhelekileyo bendoda yayimalunga nama-42 cm. Imazi yayimalunga ne-3 cm mfutshane. Intloko kunye namalungu aphezulu Paloma indoda yayingwevu ukukhanya kunye nemigca emnyama kwi-scapular kunye namagquma amaphiko. Amabala ombala opinki emacaleni omqala ayetshintsha umbala waba yintsimbi eqaqambileyo yobhedu, eluhlaza, nemfusa ngasemva entanyeni.
Indawo engezantsi yentamo kunye nesifuba i-rosy ngakumbi, ngokuthe ngcembe ijika ibe mhlophe kwindawo engezantsi yesisu. Iintyatyambo zazingqombela; ibhilidi encinci, emnyama kwaye encinci; imilenze kunye nemilenze ukukhanya obomvu. Imibala yemazi yayiye yachithwa kwaye yancinci. Intloko nomqolo wayo ibingwevu-mnyama, amabala aqaqambileyo asemqaleni nasenapeni ayengaqaqambi kangako, nebele lipinki.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye nokusasazwa kwayo
Ezi ntaka ngokwemvelo zikhula kakuhle kwiindawo ezisemaweni, ngakumbi amawa olwandle. Abantu abazisiweyo kunye nabasendle banokuhlala kwindawo esemaweni, kodwa bafumene i-niche efanelekileyo kubomi basezidolophini. Izixeko zibanika amathuba afanelekileyo okuqokelela inkunkuma, ekubeni abantu bevelisa inkunkuma eninzi.
Ezi ntaka zihlala kumazantsi eYurophu, kwintshona yeAsia, nakumantla eAfrika. EYurophu zifumaneka kwintshona nasezantsi kwaye e-Asia zifumaneka entshona nasezantsi. Ziye zaziswa kwinani elikhulu lemimandla. Uluhlu lwalo olungelulo olomthonyama lubandakanya iYurophu iphela, ezinye iindawo zaseAsia, kumzantsi-mpuma weOstreliya, emazantsi eAfrika, iindawo zaseMzantsi Melika, iinxalenye zeKhanada, kunye nayo yonke iUnited States neMexico.
Injani indlela ihobe eliziphethe ngayo?
Ngenxa yokuba ezi ntaka azikwazi ukuzikhusela kwaye zisengozini yokuhlaselwa, zihlala kwiintaka ezininzi rhoqo. Kwiindibano ezixineneyo, intaka enye ayinakufane ijongwe, kwaye ukuhamba kwezilwanyana ezininzi kunokubhidanisa amarhamncwa. Ezinye zeentaka emhlambini ngabavelisi kwaye zikhangela iindawo zokutya. Abanye bangabalayishi basimahla kwaye bajoyina isondlo emva kokuba abavelisi befumene ukutya.
Litya ntoni ihobe?
Ukutya okungenelelayo sesinye sezitshixo kwimpumelelo yale ntaka. Okunye ukutya okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya okuziinkozo kunye nembewu, imifuno, iziqhamo, amajikijolo, inambuzane, iinkumba, imisundululu, nokunye. Ezixekweni baya kusidla phantse nantoni na etyiwayo. Inkunkuma yabantu ibonelela ngeendidi ezininzi zokutya kwaye basebenzisa oko bakufumanayo.
Injani inkqubo yakho yokuvelisa?
Amahobe ziintaka ezihlala umfazi omnye kunye neqabane ubomi bakho bonke. Zombini imazi nenkunzi ziqandusela amaqanda zize zinyamekele amantshontsho. Iinkunzi zakha iindlwane ecaleni kwamawa aselunxwemeni, kunye namawa angengowamvelo adalwe zizakhiwo ezide zasedolophini ezineengqameko ezifikelelekayo kunye nophahla.
Ukuzala kungenzeka nanini na enyakeni, ngakumbi kwiindawo apho ukutya kuninzi. Nangona kunjalo, ixhaphake kakhulu entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni. Imazi ibeka amaqanda amathathu, kwaye bobabini abazali bafukamela loo maqanda kangangeentsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-20. Amantshontsho atyiswa ngobisi lwezityalo oluveliswa ngabazali bawo. Emva kweentsuku ezingama-30, amantshontsho aya kufunda ukubhabha aze akwazi ukuzimela.
Uqeqesho lwehobe lomdyarho
Ezi ntaka zinomdla zinembali etyebileyo yokuthutha imiyalezo kunye nokubonelela phakathi kweendawo ezimbini. Ezi ntaka zazisisixhobo esiqhelekileyo sokuthumela imiyalezo phambi kwenguqu yedijithali. Namhlanje, izakhono zakhe zihlala zifanelekile kwiimeko ezithintela unxibelelwano lwedijithali kunye nomzimba. Ukuqeqesha amajuba kulula, kodwa kufuna ixesha, ukuzinikela kunye nokunyamekela okufanelekileyo.
Misela indawo esisiseko
Amajuba athwalayo athwala imiyalezo phakathi kweendawo ezimbini. Kuya kufuneka uqale umisele indawo esisiseko, igumbi lokuhlala lendlu, njengendawo ephambili. Eli gumbi kulapho amajuba achitha ixesha elininzi kwaye asebenza njengesikhululo sokutya namanzi. Kufuneka ibenendawo yokuqandusela evumela amahobe ukuba angene, kodwa ithintele amandla awo okuphuma ngokuthanda kwawo.
Ziqhelanise ngamaxesha athile
Kukulungele ukuqhelanisa amahobe ngokuziqhelanisa nemigama eguquguqukayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukukhupha amahobe ngaphandle kwendlu kunye nokusebenzisa ikheji ukuwathwala umgama weekhilomitha. Bakhulule bagoduke. Yenza oku amaxesha amaninzi ukuziqhelanisa. Emva koko ukwandisa uluhlu ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezi-8 kwaye uphinde inkqubo. Ukunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe kuluhlu kukuvumela ukuba uvavanye ezi ntaka njengoko iqela lisakha amandla kwaye lizuza ukuzithemba.
Inkuthazo yokutya kunye namanzi
Le ntaka iqeqeshelwa kwindawo enye okanye ezimbini isebenzisa inkuthazo yokutya namanzi. Ungasebenzisa indawo yesiseko sakho sekhaya njengendlela yokubuya enye yemiyalezo, okanye wenze indlela phakathi kweendawo ezimbini ezimisiweyo. Kwindlela yokuhamba ngeendlela ezimbini, susa ukutya kwisiseko. Thatha ihobe ngesandla kwindawo yesibini kwaye unikeze ukutya.
Ijuba liyatya kwaye ekugqibeleni liya kubuyela kwisiseko. Le nkqubo kufuneka iphindwe ide ijuba lifuduke phakathi kweendawo ezimbini ngokuzimeleyo.
Ncamathisela umyalezo
Imiyalezo iphathwa ngoobhaka abancinci. Iingxowa zobhaka zisebenzisa imitya yelaphu yamagxa kunye nelaphu okanye iindawo zokuncamathisela zeplastiki. Ilaphu likhaphukhaphu kwaye kulula ukwenza isitayile, kodwa izixhobo ezininzi zisengozini yokonakala kumanzi kunye nezinto. Iityhubhu ezincinci zibonelela ngeendawo ezivaliweyo ezikhuselekileyo zamanqaku kunye nezibonelelo.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamajuba othwala
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo uhlobo lwehobe elithwalayo, ezichazwe ngezantsi ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe:
- Ngesatya esikhulu: azithandeki kakhulu, azinasimo sengqondo sininzi, zinamaphiko ahlukeneyo, le ntaka ibonisa ukuba yomelele ngakumbi, inomoya okhawulezayo, itya ngendlela ebaxiweyo, nangona kunjalo, ingqiqo yabo yecala iyamangalisa kwaye umsila wabo ophakamileyo yenye yeempawu zabo zokuxilonga.
- Imvelaphi entle: Le ntaka izolile kakhulu kuneyangaphambili, inobude obuninzi kuneyangaphambili, umsila wayo ujonge emazantsi kwaye intloko yayo incinci, ihlala ithe tye, amaphiko ayo made kwaye angqindilili, imilenze yayo ithe tye, yayo. ubuntu ohloniphekileyo kunye nentlalontle, badla ngokutya kancinci kancinci.
- Embindi-ezantsi: Yindibaniselwano yeekopi zangaphambili. Imfutshane kuba amalungu ayo akalingani, intamo ibanzi, umsila mfutshane, indalo yehobe ayinamonde kwaye itya ngokukhawuleza kwaye ininzi.
Konke malunga nePalomar
Idovecote sisakhiwo esiyilelwe ukugcina amahobe kunye nezinye iintaka ezincinci. Ezi zakhiwo zibonelela ngemeko-bume ekhuselekileyo yokuba amahobe azalele kuwo, ngokunjalo nokudala isiseko esicacileyo sendlu yeentaka, oku kuzikhuthaza ukuba zizinze kwaye zenze ihobe ikhaya elilungileyo.
Iindawo eziphakamileyo zale mihla ezithengwayo namhlanje zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuhlalisa amahobe okubaleka, kuquka namahobe okuhombisa. Ukugcina amajuba kwiindawo zasegadini kwaqala ukuthandwa ngexesha le-1920 kwaye lo mkhwa uye waqhubeka unanamhla.
Iimpawu ezininzi zoyilo ezisisiseko ziqhelekile kuzo zonke iilofts. Ngokuqhelekileyo banenani elikhulu lamagumbi okanye i-cubbyholes ukuze basebenze njengeendlwane ezizimeleyo, baphinde baphakanyiswe ukunqanda amarhamncwa. Ubume be-dovecote bohluka kakhulu. Iindawo zokuhlala ezisetyhula, ezisikwere, nezineoctagonal zonke ziqhelekile.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ulwakhiwo lweendawo zokuhlala ezindala, ezingaphezulu zemveli zikhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba umntu angangena kwaye zavalwa ngaphandle, kunye neetyhubhile ezifakwe kwiindonga zangaphakathi. Ezi dovecots zimbalwa kakhulu kwaye ziphakathi kakhulu njengoko kwiminyaka edluleyo ziye zadilizwa okanye zingahoywa. Ukongeza kwi-dovecots enkulu yezitena zemveli, kukwakhona ukufumana izakhiwo ezincinci kakhulu, ezenzelwe iindawo, iigadi zikawonke-wonke kunye nezabucala zalo naluphi na ubungakanani.
ukucoca kunye nokunyamekela
Kumaxesha ngamaxesha kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba amagumbi endlwane ayacocwa. Lo isenokuba ngumsebenzi odinayo nonzima, kodwa kubalulekile, njengaso nasiphi na esinye isilwanyana, ukuba indawo yaso yokuhlala icocekile ukuthintela usulelo, umonakalo okanye iincukuthu. Kubalulekile ukwenza oku xa amajuba ebhabha esuka kwindlwane yosuku.
Ezinye iingcali zicebisa ukuba kufakwe amagumbi aphezulu anemicu enokutshintshwa ngokulula ngamaxesha athile. Ngokuzikhethela, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise isixhobo se-scraper ukucoca uninzi lokungcola kwaye usebenzise ilaphu elinamanzi ashushu anesepha ukuze uqiniseke ukuba yonke inkunkuma isusiwe, kodwa ukunqanda. Ukufuma. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iimveliso zokucoca ezinevumba elinamandla.
Kunconywa ukupeyinta i-loft ngonyaka, ngokukhethekileyo kwiinyanga zasentwasahlobo xa imozulu ingashushu kakhulu okanye ibanda kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale, qiniseka ukuba iindawo ofaka kuzo ipeyinti zicocekile. Ezinye iindawo zinokufuna isanti, yenze ngesanti ethambileyo kwaye uxukuxe naluphi na uthuli.
Isebenza njani indlela ihobe eliziva ngayo?
Ngaphandle kophando oluninzi lwenzululwazi kwiminyaka edluleyo, akukho bani uyiqonda ngokupheleleyo indlela amahobe agoduka ngayo xa ehamba imigama emide. Kukho iingcamango ezininzi ezikholelwa ukuba iingcali zichaza ubuncinane inxalenye yenkqubo yokusebenza. Izazinzulu ngoku zikholelwa ukuba amahobe anekhampasi kunye neendlela eziwanceda ukuba akwazi ukugoduka.
Umatshini wekhampasi uzinceda zibhabhe ziye kwicala elifanelekileyo, ngoxa imephu izivumela ukuba zithelekise indawo ezikuyo nendawo ezifuna ukuba kuyo (ekhaya). Indlela ikhampasi esebenza ngayo ihobe isekelwe ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Njengezinye iintaka ezininzi, banokusebenzisa indawo kunye ne-engile yeLanga ukumisela icala elifanelekileyo lokubhabha.
Nangona kunjalo, indlela esebenza ngayo imaphu ihlala iyimfihlakalo. Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba amahobe athwala asebenzisa imagneto-reception, nto leyo ebandakanya ukuthembela kwimagnethi yomhlaba ukuze akhokele. Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba amahobe anamasuntswana entsimbi emilonyeni yawo, nto leyo eya kuwanceda akwazi ukubona imagnethi.
Amarhamncwa anokwenzeka kunye nobungozi
Amahobe awanazo iindlela zokuzikhusela zendalo ukuze azikhusele kumarhamncwa. Ukukwazi kwabo ukubhabha kuphela kwento phakathi kwabo kunye namarhamncwa emhlabeni, okubandakanya ii-opossums kunye neeraccoon. Nangona kunjalo, amahobe adla ngokuthathwa ziintaka ezizingelayo ezifana neeperegrine falcons, red-tailed falcons, ULechuza shwabula.
Amantshontsho namaqanda awo nawo asemngciphekweni wekati ezifuywayo. Phezu kwako nje ukuba kuluhlu lwazo zonke izilwanyana ezizingelayo, amaqela amahobe akakho engozini yokuphela. Uninzi lwabantu lubona ezi ntaka njengezitshabalalisi ezimdaka, kodwa eneneni amandla azo okusasaza izigulo aphantsi kakhulu.
Kukho ithuba elincinane lokufumana usulelo lomngundo okanye lwebhaktiriya ekudibaneni nelindle lamahobe, kodwa ezi zinqabile kakhulu. Ezi ntaka zinokosulelwa zizigulo ezininzi, eziquka iWest Nile virus kunye nomkhuhlane weentaka, kodwa azibonakali zikwazi ukuwudlulisela kwezinye izilwanyana. Abantu bayaziphindezela ngokubulala ezi ntaka, kodwa abayi kusongelwa ngokwenene yimisebenzi yabantu.
iinkolelo neenkolelo
Zininzi iimbekiselo zamahobe kuluntu lwanamhlanje. Abantu banokuba nemingxuma yamahobe okanye imingxuma yamahobe, okanye baziphathe njengamavukuthu. Ezi ntaka zikwindawo yonke. Ekubeni amahobe ekhula kakuhle kwiindawo ezenziweyo, sele exhaphake kakhulu naphi na apho kukho abantu. Enyanisweni, amavukuthu akho maninzi eYurophu, eAsia naseAfrika, nakuMntla Merika wonke. Kanye nokuba zizinto zentsomi kunye nentsomi, ezi zidalwa zikwayingqwalasela yeembono ezininzi ezingezizo.
- Lithamsanqa ukuba ihobe lizihlambele emntwini: Kunzima ukubonisa ubungqina, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba i-pigeon droppings ayizisi inhlanhla. Kulungile, oku kunzima ukungqina okanye ukuchasa naluphi na uhlobo lokuchaneka kwesayensi, kodwa ukuvumelana kukuba ukukhutshwa ngumntu okanye into yinto embi. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ilindle lamahobe inuka kakubi. Kwaye okwesibini, nangona kungenabuthi kwixabiso elincinci, kunokubangela izifo zefungal ezinzulu kwaye ezisongela ubomi ukuba zifakwe kwiimali ezibalulekileyo.
Ukongezelela, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba amajuba nawo athwala ama-parasites, anokuthi adluliselwe ebantwini ngokudibana nenkunkuma yabo. Xa uphikisa oku ngokunqongophala kobungqina bokuxhasa amabango ethamsanqa emva kwesi siganeko, kuyacaca ukuba ukuma phantsi komhlambi wezi ntaka ngexesha lokutya kufuneka kuphetshwe.
- Amahobe ngabantu abangcwele: Amahobe ebeyimifuziselo ebalulekileyo kwimibhalo yonqulo, kodwa ngaba oku kuwenza abe nguThixo? Kwakhona, le ntsomi kunzima ukuyiphikisa ngokusengqiqweni, kodwa kwafuneka ifakwe kuluhlu njengoko amahobe ebonakala rhoqo kwizibhalo nakwimibhalo yehlabathi lamandulo. Enoba akhonza njengedini ngokwesithethe samaYuda okanye njengomthunywa kaNowa emkhombeni, amahobe anendima ephambili kwisithethe seenkonzo zehlabathi.
Amahobe nawo amele uxolo, ubunyulu, ukholo, kunye nokuthembeka kwiinkcubeko ezininzi kwihlabathi jikelele. Kunzima ukuqonda isizathu sokuba ezi ntaka zihlale kwindawo engcwaliswe kangaka kwibutho labantu.
- Amahobe anokubhabha amawaka eekhilomitha ngosuku: Amahobe anokubhabhela kude, kodwa hayi kude kangako. Sekunjalo, iikhilomitha ezingama-900 ngosuku olunye zinomtsalane. Ngokusekelwe kubuchule bokubhabha obumangalisayo bamajuba, amabali malunga nokusebenza kwawo ngamaphiko aye anyuka kakhulu kwiminyaka. Ngokomzekelo, amahobe anobuchule obumangalisayo bokufumana indlela eya ekhaya, kodwa kungekhona kwelinye icala lehlabathi, njengoko intsomi ibiya kuba njalo.
amahobe ahonjisiweyo
IDickin Decoration lelona bhaso livunyiweyo ngexabiso elinikwa umntu ongengomntu. Wayenikwe ilayisensi yokufumana amahobe amaninzi, kuquka neNkonzo yamahobe aseMntla Merika. joe kunye ne Ijuba loMthunywa i-irlandesa ibingomnye wabo baqukwe kweli wonga lingalibalekiyo.
