El Umthi womthi, bangabentsapho yePícidos (Picidae), ziintaka ezintle ezinemibala enemibala, ehlala kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, ngaphandle kwe-Australia, iMadagascar kunye neendawo ezigqithiseleyo zepolar.
Iimpawu zoMthi
Ezi ntaka ziyaziwa kakhulu yi ukubetha iziqu zemithi for fumana izinambuzane ezifumaneka kwiintanda kumphezulu wemithi kwaye ngaloo ndlela zitya kuzo ngokutshintshana ukubhoboza imingxuma emithini ukwenza iindlwane zazo. Ngoku zikho ngaphezulu kwikhulu elinamashumi asibhozo (180) imizekelo yezinqunqa emhlabeni, ezizezo iqela leentaka Picidae.
El intaka Umchweli ineseti yeempawu ezibonakalayo ukuba unyana kakhulu ngokungaqhelekanga:
- Su umlomo obukhali, obukhali
- Indlela umzimba wayo owakhiwe ngayo inika umdla kwiintaka.
- Ixhomekeke kwimikhwa ye nutrición oko kubandakanya qinisekisa kwakhona, ukunyuka y isando ngamandla izikhondo zemithi.
- Ziyahluka ngobukhulu, kodwa uninzi lulu-6 (10) ukuya kwishumi (20) i-intshi ubude. Kukho ezinye iindidi ezinokukhula ukuya kutsho kwi-intshi ezingamashumi amabini (XNUMX).
- Imibala yeentsiba kunye neepateni ziyahluka phakathi kweentlobo.
umlomo nolwimi
Uphawu lwayo oluphambili kunye neyona nto ibalaseleyo yingxolo eyenza xa ibetha ngokuphindaphindiweyo umboko we-trunk. umthi nomlomo wawo, ifana nqwa nohlobo oluthile lwerekhodi eliyishiya ngasemva. qokelela ukutya phakathi kwamaxolo enkuni.
Xa isiqongqothwane sibethelela isiqu somthi, esi sithonga sifunyanwa ngamalungu amathathu awahlukeneyo omlomo:
- Inxalenye engaphandle yomlomo ifunxa isibetho sokuqala.
- Inethambo elithambileyo langaphakathi elidityaniswe kumlomo owahlula impembelelo.
- I-cerebral shield yinxalenye efumana impembelelo eseleyo ebonwayo.
Emva kokuba la malungu mathathu omlomo efumene le mpembelelo, ukungcangcazela okanye ukungcangcazela kuvela ngenxa yokubethwa, nto leyo efunyanwa luhlobo oluthile lomsipha owenziwe yimicu ebizwa ngokuba yi-hyroids egqume ukakayi lwentaka ize ke isebenze njengenkxaso yolwimi kunye nolwimi. umqala .
Ulwimi lwesiqongqothwane lunokufikelela kwiisentimitha ezine (10) ubude kwaye lusebenza ngokugqwesileyo ekutyeni iimbovane okanye ezinye izinambuzane zamaplanga ngenxa yolwakhiwo lwalo olutsolileyo noluncangathi. Isenokusetyenziswa ukutsala incindi yomthi. Eminye imiqongqothwane inolwimi olugobe kancinane, yaye kukho neentlobo zamaplanga ezinolwimi olufutshane noluthe ngqo.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba isiqongqothwane yintaka ukhakhayi oluyilwayo ukuze lungonakali xa umlomo walo ubetha emthini. Kuye kwenziwa uhlolisiso apho kuqikelelwa ukuba le ntaka ibetha isiqu izihlandlo ezingamashumi amabini (20) ngomzuzwana yaye ifuthe ngalinye lifikelela kwiwaka elinamakhulu amabini eegram (1.200) xa sibhekisa emntwini, le mpembelelo yenziwa yile ntaka imithi yayinokushukumisa ingqondo yomntu.
Ilizwi le-woodpecker
Inkqubo yokuphefumla kwezi ntaka iqulethe iimpumlo, i-pharynx, i-air sacs kunye ne-bronchi. I amazwi yeenkuni zivame ukuba qhubeka un itoni yomelele y ngxola ukuhambelana neyakho yomelele ubugorha yokubethelela
Omnye rarity yiyo intaka Umchweli Lewis, ongenzi ngxolo yelizwi rhoqo. Uninzi lweziqongqothwane zenza ingxolo kaloliwe okanye zingxola ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Maxa wambi kuye kubonakale ngathi bayakhuzana ngokwenza ingxolo.
iintsiba zomzimba
Njengoko kukho iindidi ezininzi zeenkuni, iintsiba ziyahluka ngokweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa ubukhulu becala imibala emnyama, ebomvu, etyheli, emdaka, phakathi kwabanye.
Umahluko ngombala ukwabonwa sisini.Iinkunzi ezininzi zinendawo ebomvu entloko ngelixa iimazi zingenalo kwaye zinendawo ebomvu esiswini. I-Woodpeckers ibonakaliswe yi-anatomy eyahlukileyo, yingakho kunzima ukugqiba isini sentaka ngeso lenyama.
iintsiba zomsila
Iintsiba zomsila zibalulekile xa zibethelwa eziqwini, ziqinile kakhulu kwaye zisebenza njengenkxaso ngenxa yenani lezihlunu ezinkulu ezinazo, zinemiqolo ebukhali ngaphakathi kwiintsiba zomsila ezisetyenziswa xa kugqobhoza ukutya.
Zimile okwentshinyela kwaye ukuphakama kwazo zinika inkxaso eyongezelelekileyo eziqongqothwane, kungoko ke ukuma kwazo xa zicofa isiqu.
Iipaw
I-woodpecker yenziwe imilenze ebizwa ngokuba yi-zygodactic legs, enceda ukugcina ibhalansi emthini, inzipho zayo zibukhali kakhulu ukuba ikwazi ukumbamba kunye nokukhwela iziqu zemithi, ijonge phezulu okanye ezantsi. Baneminwe emibini ejonge phambili kwaye emibini ijonge ngasemva, banomnwe wesine onokuthi ubekwe ecaleni, ukunika intaka ukuzinza okuyimfuneko yokukhwela kunye nemithi yehamile ngomlomo wayo.
ubungakanani bomthi
Iinqongqothwane ziyahluka ngobukhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo ukusuka kwincinci ukuya enkulu. Kukho i-downy woodpeckers ezihlala eUnited States naseKhanada. Phakathi kwezona zinqunqa iinkuni zikhulu sifumana iinkuni ezipilted, iintloko ezibomvu zemithi kunye ne Lewis.
Kodwa ngokubanzi zihlala kumlinganiselo we-intshi ezisixhenxe (7) ukuya kwisithoba (9) ubude. Ngelixa i-Ivory-billed Woodpecker kunye ne-Imperial Woodpecker, ephakathi kweshumi elinesithoba (19) kunye ne-intshizi ezingamashumi amabini anesine (24) ngoku ziphelile.
Ukuziphatha
Isiqongqothwane sinomlomo owomeleleyo nochongo, nto leyo esinceda ekususeni amaxolo emithi ukuze sifumane ukutya kwayo.Zinolwimi olude kakhulu olunobude obuziisentimitha ezilishumi (10).Asizizo zonke iindidi ezinolwimi olude kakhulu. .mfutshane olu lwimi luqulathe amathe ancangathi asebenza ukubambisa izinambuzane, ezinye zezi ntlobo zisebenzisa ukubethelwa kwixolo lemithi elinokuviwa umgama weekhilomitha, ukunxibelelana nezinye iziqongqothwane kukwayindlela yesiko lokuthandana. Ezinye iziqongqothwane zidlala amagubu emithini njengendlela yokunxibelelana phakathi kohlobo olufanayo zize ziwasebenzise njengesithethe sokuthandana phakathi kwazo.
Itya ntoni inqola?
Ngokubhekiselele kwisondlo se-woodpecker, isekelwe kwimbewu kunye nezinambuzane, ngamaxesha athile bavuna i-acorns kunye namantongomane, kwiindlwana abazenzayo emithini banomkhuba othile wokugcina kwimingxuma enemingxuma, abayenzayo kwelinye. okanye imithi engaphezulu, ebizwa ngokuba zizisele, enokuthi ibe ngaphezu kwamawaka angamashumi amahlanu (50.000) phakathi kwamandongomane nama-acorns kwindawo nganye egciniweyo.
Esi sivuno siqhutywa ebusika kwindawo engqindilili yesiqu, kumasebe afileyo apho ukuvula le mingxuma kungenzi monakalo kumthi ophilayo. Iinkuni zisebenzisa imingxuma yazo emidala nyaka ngamnye kwaye zongeza eminye ngokulandelelanayo.
isivuno se-acorn
Okunye ukutya
Ukuveliswa kwakhona
Ukuzala kuqala phakathi kwenyanga ka Matshi ukuya ku May, ngeli xesha inkunzi nemazi ziphethe imilomo yazo ukuze zibethe kwaye zivule imingxuma emthini. Ngamanye amaxesha zisebenzisa iindlwane esele zikhona ngaphakathi kwesiqu, kodwa zihlala zikhetha ukwenza indlwane yazo, eziyisebenzisela ukuphumla nokuzala.
Banesithethe sokuthandana okubandakanya ukujika iintloko zabo, ukukrazula nokubethelela imilomo yabo, yaye benza izandi ezimfutshane nezibaxiweyo eziqukuqelayo.
Inkunzi nemazi zijongene nokwakha indlwane ngendlela enesingqi necothayo njengesandi segubu, ngaxeshanye zidlala umboko zize ziqhube ukuthandana apho imazi ikhwelisa inkunzi kuqala ngaphambi kokuba iyikhwelise.
Emva kokwakha indlwane, zibeka amaqanda azo, ngokuqhelekileyo amaqanda amhlophe angqukuva amabini ukuya kwantlanu, afumaneka lula ngenxa yombala omhlophe, nto leyo ebangela ukuba afunyanwe ebumnyameni.
Ukuzalwa kweNgcali
Xa zizalwa ziba ziimfama yaye azinantsiba, ngokuqhelekileyo inkunzi yinkunzi ephethe ukuzisa ukutya kwindlwane, ngoxa imazi ihlala nabantwana bayo, amantshontsho adla ngokuyishiya indlwane emva kweentsuku ezingama-25 ukusa kwezingama-30. Njengoko kwiintlobo ezininzi zeentaka, zineqabane elinye. Kodwa ngokukodwa iintlobo ezifumaneka kwintshona yeIndiya, i-woodpecker yesifazane ibeka amaqanda kwinzala emibini yamadoda ahlukeneyo, kule meko kuthiwa yi-polyandry.
Yiyiphi indawo yokuhlala yesiqongqothwane?
Ezi ntaka ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka kwiindawo ezinemithi, kumahlathi ashinyeneyo nafumileyo apho kukho inani elikhulu lemithi enceda ekufumaneni ukutya kunye nokwenza iindlwane zayo, njengoko sele sikhankanyile ngasentla. Ezinye zezi ntlobo zifuna iimeko zekhaya labo, iindawo zokuhlala zingamahlathi kwaye ezinye zihlala kwiindawo ezingacetyiswanga kakhulu njengamathambeka amatye okanye iintlango, kodwa iintlobo ezihlala kule mimandla ziye zaqhelana neemeko zabo.
Okwangoku ezi ntaka zifikelele kuzo zonke iindawo zokuhlala ezinokwenzeka, i-woodpeckers ingabonwa emahlathini e-bamboo, ingca, i-savannahs. I-Woodpecker ebizwa ngokuba yi-guilá eye yaziqhelanisa ukuze iphile kwi-cacti ende, ngenxa yolu hlobo ngokubanzi olufanelekileyo kukuhlala ukhangela indawo apho kukho imithi embalwa.
Njengazo zonke izilwanyana, nawo ayawafuna amanzi nekhusi, ngoko aya kusoloko etyelela amaqula, imilambo, amachibi, izitya zamanzi ezilwanyana zasekhaya, indawo yawo yokuhlala, yaye xa ewafuna, ade avule nemingxuma eluphahleni lwezindlu.
U sasazo
Imeko yolondolozo
Ukufunda le ntaka kuyamangalisa kwaye kuyamangalisa ukuyibona yakha umngxuma esiqwini ngamandla angaka kunye nendlela ekhupha ngayo i-splinters yomthi, ikhethe ezinye kwaye izigcine ukuze kamva zibeke ngaphakathi kwindlwane. Kukho iintaka zolu hlobo ezifuna kakhulu xa zikhetha indawo yokwenza indlwane kwaye zinika iimilo ezahlukeneyo xa uzivula, ezinye zingqukuva, zixande, zimile okwethanga, ubukhulu becala umngxuma ewenza indlwane kwaye awumkhulu kuyo. ubukhulu kububanzi bomzimba wayo.
Banokwenza iindlwane zabo kwizindlu apho i-siding yenziwe ngemisedare, iintlobo ezihlala entlango zenza iindlwane zazo kwi-cacti kwaye ezinye iintlobo zemba iindlwane zazo emhlabeni.
Uninzi lwazo luwenza indlwane kulo mngxuma, ngexesha lokukhwelana, lugqibela ukugqogqa okanye ukugrumba kangangenyanga kwaye ngamanye amaxesha lwenza imingxuma emininzi de lufumane owona mhle. Maxa wambi kuye kufumaneke iintaka, eziphinda zisebenzise imingxuma eshiywe ziziqongqothwane ukuze zihlale kwindlwane.
Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukhuphiswano lokuhlutha iindlwane xa aba bakhuphisanayo bedla ngokuba zizilwanyana ezincancisayo, iinkonjane phakathi kwezinye, kodwa i-woodpecker ngamanye amaxesha iyazikhusela ngamandla kwaye yenza indlwane kumasebe amancinci apho izilwanyana ezinkulu zingenako ukuba indlwane yazo.
Inkunzi kolu didi iluncedo kakhulu kunemazi, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintaka, iinkunzi zinceda ukwakha umngxuma wokuzalela ukusuka kwi-30 ukuya kwi-60 cm, emva kokuba umngxuma uvuliwe kwaye emva kokuba imazi ibeke amaqanda, iyawafukamela ebusuku. ukuze imazi iphumle.
Unonophelo
Njengaso nasiphi na isilwanyana, iye yaziqhelanisa ukuze iphile kwaye nasekuguqukeni kwayo ekufumaneni ukutya kwayo emhlabeni, ziye zayilahla kwaphela imithi kangangokuba zade zakha indlwane emhlabeni. iindawo ezinamatye oMzantsi Afrika.
Uhlobo lwentaka ye-woodpecker lukhuselwe yiManyano yaMazwe ngaMazwe yoLondolozo lweNdalo kunye ne-Birdlife International, engavumeli ukuzingela le ntaka, ayikwazi ukusondela kwindawo apho usasazo lukhulu kakhulu, kuyo nayiphi na imeko kunye nakweyiphi na. abemi bayo ngaphandle kwale ndawo ukuzingelwa kwayo akuvumelekanga.
Ingozi yokuphela
Uninzi lwezi ntaka zisengozini okanye zisengozini yokuphela ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi okubangelwa ngumntu kwaye kunyanzeleke ukuba zitshintshe indawo yazo. I-ivory-billed kunye ne-imperial woodpecker sele iphelile iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu (30), nangona uphando lwangoku lweentaka lukhokelele kwimpikiswano malunga nokuba oku kutshabalala kuyinyani. Kodwa okwangoku abukho ubungqina bezi ntlobo zisekhona.
amarhamncwa omthi
Ezona ziqweqwedisi ziphambili ziincukuthu, iinyoka, iikati, iimpungutye kunye neentaka ezinkulu ezinje nge. Ukhozi olunempandla, nangona kukho nezinye iindidi zezilwanyana ezitya isiqongqothwane.
