Umbuzo we Imvelaphi yaManzi Emhlabeni kubalulekile, ngumba onzima ukucacisa, ekubeni uMhlaba ulahlekelwe bubungqina bokubunjwa kwawo, kuba yiplanethi esebenzayo. Kweli nqaku sikubonisa yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neMvelaphi yamanzi eMhlabeni!
Yintoni Imvelaphi Yamanzi Emhlabeni?
Amanzi aphezu koMhlaba luphawu olungaqhelekanga kwezinye iiplanethi ezifundiweyo, ngenxa yokubaluleka kwamanzi ukuxhasa ubomi, umbuzo we Imvelaphi yaManzi emhlabeni kubaluleke kakhulu, ingxaki enkulu xa uphanda lo mbuzo kukuba uMhlaba ulahlekelwe yiyo yonke impawu zokubunjwa kwawo, kuba yiplanethi esebenzayo.
Besisoloko sizibuza Ayenziwe njani amanzi?, ngamaxesha athile kucingelwa ukuba amanzi afika eMhlabeni kwi-asteroids, imveliso yeentsalela zokulungelelaniswa kwenkqubo yelanga, kucingelwa ukuba la mathontsi awela eMhlabeni ngenxa yebhombu engapheliyo eyathatha izigidi ezingamashumi amabini zeminyaka. bade basekwa Iilwandle kunye neelwandle.
Amanzi anamhlanje eMhlabeni sele ekhona okoko ukubunjwa kwawo kungaqhelekanga kwaye akuhambelani, okokuqala, ngokufunda ezinye iiplanethi ezinamatye ezingenamanzi angaphezulu kwaye okwesibini, ngombono wempembelelo enkulu phakathi kweproto-Earth kunye neMars- i-embryo yesijikelezi-langa esincinane, esakha iNyanga.
Isiganeko esinjalo esiyingozi kufuneka sibe ngumphunga nawaphi na amanzi akhoyo, ashiye umhlaba owomileyo, emva kwesi siganeko sineenketho ezimbini zokuchaza ubukho bamanzi eMhlabeni, amanzi abuyele kamva, emva kwentlekele, ngendlela yomkhenkce okanye i-asteroids ecebileyo. amanzi okanye impembelelo enkulu yayingenkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ibe ngumphunga kuwo onke amanzi aseMhlabeni.
Ngelixa uMhlaba kunye neVenus zinokubonwa njengoodade abangamawele, iinguqu zabo zejoloji kunye nemozulu kwixesha elidlulileyo zazahluke kakhulu, zikhokelela kumoya wale mihla weVenus kuxinzelelo lwe-92 bar ukufudumeza ukuya kuma-470 ° C, ngokuchasene nobushushu obuthambileyo. kunye noxinzelelo lwe-1 bar kumphezulu woMhlaba.
Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo kunye nokuvela kwegesi akubonakali kangako kwiVenus kunaseMhlabeni, kuba akukho ntshukumo yepleyiti kuyo, ubushushu bokuhambisa kwiVenus kubandakanya ukujikelezwa kwakhona okuncinci kokuguquguquka kwengubo.
Oku kuthetha ukuba i-evolution ye-atmosphere yeVenus kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda kwaye yenze utshintsho lwejoloji, kwakhona, ngenxa yokusondelana kwabo, uMhlaba kunye neVenus kufuneka bavume uhlobo olufanayo lwezinto kwimbali yabo, zonke ezi zibukeka zihambelanayo zenza iVenus indawo entle yokufunda malunga nokuvela kweeplanethi zomhlaba.
Lisebenzisa ukulinganisa kwamanani eempembelelo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeasteroids eziqulethe izixa ezahlukeneyo zamanzi, iqela lifumanise ukuba ii-asteroids ezinamanzi atyebileyo zingqubana neVenus kwaye zikhuphe amanzi azo njengomphunga azinakucacisa ukumila komoya weVenus njengoko unjalo.
Oku kuthetha ukuba izinto ze-asteroid ezibethe iVenus kwaye ngaloo ndlela uMhlaba, emva kwempembelelo enkulu, kwafuneka ukuba yome, nto leyo ethintela ukugcwalisa uMhlaba ngamanzi usebenzisa i-asteroids, ngenxa yoko amanzi ayengayi Kunyamalala emva kwempembelelo enkulu, oku kuthetha ukuba, kunokwenzeka ukuba, yayinzulu kakhulu eMhlabeni.
Le ngcamango iphikisana ngokunzulu malunga nokuhlaliswa koMhlaba wamandulo, iVenus, kunye ne-Mars, kuba ibonisa ukuba iiplanethi zinokuthi zizakhele ngamanzi aphantse aphelele kwaye ziwachithe ixesha elide, kuba i-Mars incinci kakhulu, ngokuqinisekileyo yachithwa yonke into. amanzi ayo ngelixa ubomi bavela eMhlabeni.
KwiVenus, ezi ziphumo zinika ukukhanya ngakumbi kuphononongo lweelwandle zasemanzini kumphezulu weplanethi kwaye zincede ukunciphisa ubuninzi bamanzi anokulindelwa kwiVenus, olu lwazi lunokunceda kwimishini yexesha elizayo kwiVenus.
Iimeko ezintathu ziqwalaselwa ukucacisa Imvelaphi yaManzi umhlaba:
Inqanaba lokuqala
Kwimeko yokuqala, iimolekyuli zamanzi zaziza kukhuselwa kwimitha yelanga ngaphakathi "kothuli" lwelifu lokuqala, ngexesha lokusekwa kweSolar System, xa uthuli luvunyiwe ukwenza iiplanetoids, amanzi ahlala ekhuselekile ngaphakathi.
Iiplanethi zaye zacutheka njengoko zikhula, nto leyo eyanyanzela amanzi ukuba aphume ngaphandle, kancinci ngathi isipontshi esinamanzi sicudiswayo, igesi efana nekharbon diokside ekhutshwa ngokunxuseneyo, idala umoya.
Emhlabeni, iimeko zamaqondo obushushu kunye noxinzelelo zabangela ukuba amanzi adlule ngendlela engamanzi kwaye ke, iilwandle. Babonakala, bekhuselwe kwimitha ye-atmosphere, amanzi akwazile ukuzigcina kude kube namhlanje.
On Venus, iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu wagcina amanzi ngokohlobo umphunga: the radiation ke waqhekeza iimolekyuli zamanzi kwi-atmosfera ephezulu yaye ekugqibeleni ihydrogen wagxothwa emanzini, namhlanje, amanzi phantse azikho kwiVenus.
Imeko yesibini
Enye imeko ibandakanya i-asteroids kunye ne-comets: zivela kwimimandla ekude kakhulu ye-Solar System, ezityebileyo emanzini, nangona kunjalo, ekuqaleni kwembali yenkqubo yelanga, iimpembelelo zazininzi kakhulu ngenxa yokuba inani elikhulu lemizimba. iqhubekile ukujikeleza ngaphakathi kwidiski yeprotoplanetary UHambo lwePlanethi, oku kunokuzisa isixa esibalulekileyo samanzi eMhlabeni, ukuwazisa ukusuka kwiindawo ezikude zeSolar System.
Uqwalaselo namhlanje lukholisa ukubonisa ukuba zombini ezi meko zidlale indima ekucaciseni isixa sangoku samanzi angamalwelo eMhlabeni.
Imeko yesithathu
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imeko yesithathu ifikelele ekukhanyeni, kubonakala ngathi kunokwenzeka ukuthutha amanzi kwenkwenkwezi, kwiinkqubo ezingenakuphikiswa zeplanethi, enyanisweni, ukuqwalaselwa kwe-exoplanets kuye kwakhokelela ekufumaneni inani elikhulu leegesi ezinkulu ezikufutshane inkwenkwezi yazo, kwindawo ebekwe bucala rhoqo kwiiplanethi ezisemhlabeni.
Ke ngoko, bekuyimfuneko ukucinga ukufuduka okucingelwayo kweeplanethi ekuqaleni kwembali yezi nkqubo zeplanethi, izigebenga zerhasi zaziya kuba zenzekile kude inkwenkwezi yazo, njengakwinkqubo yelanga, kodwa emva koko zifudukele zinkwenkwezi yazo ngenxa yokunxibelelana. kunye nediski yomgubo oshiyekileyo.
Le yindlela enhle yokuzisa amanzi amaninzi ukusuka kwiindawo ezikude ukuya kwimimandla ekufutshane neenkwenkwezi, inkqubo ifana ne-comets, kodwa kwinqanaba elikhulu njengoko libandakanya iiplanethi ezipheleleyo! Ukucinga ukuba i-gas giants ekugqibeleni ilahlekelwe yi-hydrogen kunye ne-helium ngenxa yemitha yeenkwenkwezi, ingaba yiplanethi yokwenene-iilwandle, ubukho bamazwekazi abunakwenzeka apho ngenxa yokuba ubunzulu bamanzi buya kuba ukusuka kumakhulu ambalwa ukuya kumawaka. yeekhilomitha.
Iithiyori zeMvelaphi yamanzi eMhlabeni
Izazinzulu ziye zaxambulisana malunga ne ithiyori yamanzi kunye nendlela ebonakala ngayo kwiplanethi yethu ixesha elide, uninzi lweengcali zibambelela kwindawo yokujonga ukuba amanzi aziswa eMhlabeni malunga ne-3.600 yezigidigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, nakwinqanaba lokwenziwa kweplanethi, xa amawaka abantu ehlasela ngokuqhubekayo. , nazo ii-asteroids ezinkulu nezincinci kunye ne-comets.
Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ezinye zezi asteroids zazinkulu kakhulu kwaye ziqulathe isixa esifanelekileyo samanzi ngendlela yomphunga, ulwelo okanye umkhenkce, ngoku kuye kwavela ithiyori entsha, iingcali zaseJapan zicebisa ukuba phantse onke amanzi asemhlabeni avela apha kwaye hayi. zivela esithubeni.
Iingcali zeGeologists ezivela kwiTokyo Institute of Technology zithi ngexesha le indalo yomhlaba, iileya ezinkulu ze-hydrogen zazikhona kwi ubume bomhlaba, bangena kwi-chemical reaction kunye neoksijini ekhoyo kwingubo yoMhlaba, ngenxa yoko amanzi aye abunjwa kwiplanethi ngobuninzi obukhulu.
Iingcali ze-Geologists ziqikelela ukuba emva kokuba iplanethi yakhiwe, yayishushu kakhulu kwaye yomile, kwithiyori izigidi ze-comets ezinamanzi kunye ne-asteroids zahlasela uMhlaba kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, ebonisa ngakumbi ukuba kutheni iilwandle zavela emva kokugqiba ukulungelelaniswa kweplanethi. .
