Njengomchasi welanga, inyanga yisathelayithi yendalo yomhlaba, enempembelelo nentsingiselo ebaluleke ngokufanayo. Inyanga yinto yasemajukujukwini esukela emva kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-4.000 ezigidi, phantse ixesha elide njengeSolar System.
Yonke into ejikeleza uluvo lwenyanga iyatyebisa ngokwesayensi, inkcubeko kunye neemfihlakalo. Inyanga isoloko iphononongwa, ide iqhube imisebenzi yasemajukujukwini eyahlukeneyo, efana ne-Apollo mission.
Noko ke, ngokwembono ngaphandle kwenzululwazi, inyanga ineentsingiselo ezininzi. Ngamafutshane, yinto exabisekileyo enomdla, leyo, imihla ngemihla, inoxanduva lokuhlobisa ubusuku. Ngoko ke, ngaba wakha wazibuza, iyintoni imvelaphi yenyanga?
Unokuba nomdla kwinqaku lethu: Iinkwenkwezi ezi-3 eziNgcaciso zeNdalo eziKhulu kuneLanga!
Imvelaphi yenyanga, ngokufutshane. Zeziphi ezona nkcukacha zisisiseko?
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-4.000 yeebhiliyoni eyadlulayo, iSolar System kunye nendalo iphela zazicocekile. Yonke into eyaziwayo ngoku, njengesiseko njengoko ibonakala, yayingalingani ngokwemilinganiselo ngelo xesha.
La iphephancwadi lenzululwazi Icarus, ngowe-1975, yapapasha ushwankathelo loko kwakutyhilwe kwinkomfa yezizwe ngezizwe yenzululwazi ngesathelayithi yonyaka owandulelayo. Ukususela ngaloo mzuzu ukuya phambili, eyona thiyori iphumelele kakhulu yatyhilwa ngemvelaphi yenyanga.
Umthombo: C&EN
Kuyo, kwasekwa ukuba, emva kwesiganeko sobungakanani bentlekele, uMhlaba wafumana impembelelo enkulu. Ngelo xesha, ubukhulu bawo babuphantse bube sisiqingatha kunoko ukhoyo namhlanje, nto leyo eyayibangela umonakalo omkhulu.
Into ebangele isiganeko esinjalo, Yayinemilinganiselo efana neMars. kubangela ukukhululwa kwamaqhekeza kunye nezinto ezisemhlabeni. Ngenxa yoko, njengoko ixesha lalihamba, ubutyobo baqokelelana, nto leyo eyabangela imvelaphi yenyanga.
Abalinganiswa bemvelaphi yenyanga, ngokweyona thiyori iphumelele kakhulu
Ukuqonda ngakumbi iinkcukacha ezikhankanywe ngasentla, kubalulekile ukwazi iiprotagonists zemvelaphi yenyanga. Kwimeko yokuqala, njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, iplanethi esanda kuzalwa enguMhlaba ifunyenwe.
Kwelinye icala, ukungahoywa kweplanethi engudade, egama linguTea, ngoyena mchasi uphambili wesiseko. Kwaba ngumbulelo kule planethi, ngokweengcamango ezahlukeneyo, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuchaza namhlanje imvelaphi yenyanga.
Umchasi ophambili: Theia
Ikwaziwa njengeTea okanye i-Orpheus okanye i-Orfeo, yinto yasezulwini ekukholelwa ukuba yabetha uMhlaba kwinkulungwane yeminyaka eyadlulayo. Iti, yayiyiplanethi eyavela kufutshane nomjikelo ofanayo woMhlaba, enobukhulu obuncinane xa kuthelekiswa.
Nangona kunjalo, wakhulela kwindawo ye-orbital etyekele ngakumbi ekukhuleni kweplanethi, ngenxa yeempawu ezahlukeneyo zesiphakathi. Nje ukuba iplanethi ifikelele kwimilinganiselo efana ne-Mars, yaqala ukubonisa ukuchaswa ngenxa yendlela ehlala kuyo.
Ngenxa yoko, i-Tea iye yatshintsha rhoqo kwi-orbital, ekhokelela ekuziphatheni okungazinzanga. Ekugqibeleni, umkhondo wayo waba nesiphithiphithi kakhulu, nto leyo eyakhokelela kwimpembelelo ethe ngqo kuMhlaba.
Umdlali oxhasayo: iPlanethi yoMhlaba
Ngaphezulu kwe-4.000 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, iplanethi enguMhlaba yayililitye elincinane, elikhulayo. Ngelo xesha lembali, kukholelwa ukuba uMhlaba awuzange udlule inkqubo yokwahlula phakathi kwengubo kunye nondoqo.
Nje ukuba kwenzeke umothuko, iTea yaphantse yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo, ngelixa uMhlaba waphoswa kwindawo enobutshaba nengenabubele. Amaqondo obushushu aphezu komhlaba afikelela kumazinga obushushu ahlekisayo.
Uninzi lwempahla yeTea kunye nomphezulu, kunye ne ipesenti encinci yengubo yoMhlaba, yakhutshwa. Njengoko isiganeko senzeke ngendlela engaqhelekanga, iTea ilandele i-orbit yayo phambili.
Ekubeni ikwi-orbit yoMhlaba efanayo, impembelelo yesibini yenzeka, ibangela ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kweTea. Ngokukhutshelwa kobutyobo lutsha esibhakabhakeni, uMhlaba uphuhlise eyawo idiski yenkunkuma.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeziphumo ezahlukeneyo ezingekacaciswa, i-debris disk yadibana yaza yenza inyanga. Ngokuchaseneyo, intsalela yenkunkuma evela kwiTea kukholelwa ukuba idityaniswe nesakhiwo somhlaba, ukuyiqinisa.
Ukufika komntu enyangeni
Xa umntu wanyathela enyangeni, oko kwakungathethi kuphela inyathelo elikhulu eluntwini. Kwakhona, yayimele ithuba lokudibana nenye yezona zinto zintsonkothileyo kwicosmos ekufutshane, inyanga.
Izinto eziqokelelwe ngexesha le-Apollo mission, Baye bakwazi ukuqinisekisa ubungqina obuthile obuqinisa ithiyori yempembelelo. Eyokuqala kunye neyona nto ibalaseleyo kukuba inyanga, phakathi kwezinto zayo, ine-coefficient ye-oxygen isotopes efana noMhlaba.
Emva koko, kuye kwagqitywa ukuba i-lunar core kunye ne-surface yenziwe ngezinto ezibangelwa ukudibanisa kweendawo ezimbini. Ngenxa yoko, kukholelwa ukuba zombini izinto zomhlaba kunye neplanethi ezibangele impembelelo zikhona enyangeni.
Ezinye iingcamango ezichaza imvelaphi yenyanga. Yintoni enye omele uyazi ngayo?
Ukusuka kwingcamango yempembelelo okanye ungquzulwano olukhulu kukho ezinye iithiyori ezichaza imvelaphi yenyanga ngolo hlobo. Enye yazo yi-synesis hypothesis, echazwe ngo-2018 ngoososayensi abavela eHarvard nase-UC Davis.
Esi siganeko simisela ukuba, emva kwesiganeko sempembelelo yeplanethi, isiphelo lilitye elikhulu eliqinileyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-synesis. Izinto ezinje ngentsimbi, igraniti okanye ilitye elibambeneyo zenza obu bunzima bukhulu bushushu. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, yathotywa yaya kwimilinganiselo engqamana nenyanga.
Umthombo: QUO
Noko ke, enye ithiyori echaza imvelaphi yenyanga yabhengezwa ngowama-2012. Inqaku elapapashwa nguR. Canup lafumanisa ukuba inyanga yabakho ngenxa yokudityaniswa kwezijikelezi-langa ezimbini emva kokungqubana.
Zombini iiplanethi zinemilinganiselo elinganayo okanye enkulu kuneMars, ukukhulula ilifu lenkunkuma yecosmic. Okokuqala, eli lifu lalungelelaniswa ngohlobo lwediski ye-biconcave, eyathi kamva yadibana yaza yayila inyanga.