Ukusasazwa kwezopolitiko nezentlalo zamaZapotec, kuboniswe phantsi kokwakheka kwephiramidi ekhokelwa yinkokeli kwaye ekugqibeleni inqanaba lentlalontle elisezantsi, elaliphawulwa ngokuba nelizwi legunya lobukhosi-lonqulo. Ngeli nqaku, siyakumema ukuba wazi Umbutho wezopolitiko weZapotec.
Umbutho wezopolitiko weZapotec
Abantu baseZapotec babonwa ngomkhosi womkhosi owabavumela ukuba basasaze inkcubeko yabo, baseka ubukhosi bonqulo. Awona makomkhulu agqithileyo ale nkcubeko ahlala eMonte Albán, Yagul, Teotitlán naseZaachila, abathe bakwazi ukuzithoba ngobudlelwane borhwebo kunye neeOlmecs ezingabamelwane, nangokuthimba emkhosini nokubamba abalawuli abakhuphisanayo nabantu abangabamelwane.
Ngaloo ndlela, njengoko ayemiselwe phantsi kwenkqubo entlu-mbini, eyayimela indlela yawo yokuphila, oku ngaloo ngqiqo kwaba nempembelelo ngokuthe ngqo kwintlangano yawo yobupolitika. Ngale ndlela, kule nkcubeko inkqubo yolawulo yamiselwa ubukhulu becala ngamanene, ibeka njengoyena mntu uphezulu uGocquitao okanye uKumkani, kunye noncedo lwababingeleli.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, isikhundla soyena mntu uphakamileyo kwakufuneka sizuzwe ngukumkani xa ekhonza, oko kukuthi, ukumkani nguye onegunya lokumisela indlalifa yakhe, ukuba nje siphuma kwintombi eyintombi yenkosi. okanye uMphumi-mkhosi; oku ngandlel’ ithile kuvumeleke, ukuba kubekho inxaxheba yalo lonke uluntu lwaseZapotec ngokwenkqubo yalo yezobupolitika.
AmaZapotec, ukongezelela ekubeni nokumkani wawo, nawo ayeneqela lababingeleli ababegqalwa njengemisebenzi ebalulekileyo ngokulinganayo ukongezelela ekuncedeni ukumkani, ngokuphathelele imicimbi yobukumkani. Oku, ngandlel’ ithile, kwalunika uphawu lobuthixo; Ngokufanayo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kuphela eli qela kufuneka lenziwe ngabantu bomthonyama, kule meko iZapotecs.
Inyani yoMbutho wezoPolitiko weZapotec
Oku kubini okwenzekayo ngokolawulo, kusenza sicinge ukuba kwakukho iindidi ezimbini zemibono yolawulo nolawulo lobukumkani; noko ke, kule nkcubeko imbono engumzekelo wobuthixo kunye nendlela eyakhiwe ngayo yoyisa. Oku kubonakala kakhulu emva kokuphonononga imigangatho kunye nemithetho elandelayo.
- Ababingeleli yayingabo, ngandlel’ ithile, baqinisekisa ukukhuselwa nokuqinisekiswa kokumkani yaye oku bakwenza phantsi komkhosi, oko kukuthi, abantu abakudidi oluphezulu olumelwe kumbutho wezentlalo nezobupolitika wamaZapotec bathabatha inxaxheba koku. inkxaso..
- Lo mzekelo wobuthixo ngandlel’ ithile wawugutyungelwe ngumntu ongaqondakaliyo nongokobuthixo, ngoko ayecinga ukuba umntu wawo ophambili ujikeleza uThixo, omele ukuba unqulwa.
- AmaZapotec ayecinga ukuba abantu bomnombo wabefundisi babenxulumene nothixo wale nkcubeko, ngoko kwakufuneka bahlale bengatshati. Ukongezelela, aba bantu babenezikhundla njengabagwebi abongamileyo bobo bukumkani, aba ngokuqhelekileyo bahlala bevalelwe yaye bekhuselekile ngaphakathi kwebhotwe.
- Amakhonkco aba bameli kunye nabemi bomthonyama beli butho loluntu ayelawulwa ngemithetho yolawulo lwenkolo, engachazwanga ngumthetho, kodwa ngokusekelwe kwiingcamango zodumo lokufumana ezi zikhundla eziphezulu kwinkqubo yezopolitiko yaseZapotec.
Umbutho wentlalo
Ukususela kwimvelaphi yayo, intlangano yentlalontle yamaZapotec yenziwe ngokusebenzisa isethi yemithetho, esekelwe kwaye iqulunqwe kumzekelo wolawulo lwenkolo, olusekelwe kwi-theocracy.
Ngaloo ndlela, njengoko oku kwahlulahlulwe kumaqela amabini anokusekwa udidi olulawulayo kunye nelophantsi, ngokuqhelekileyo luchazwa luhlobo lomsebenzi owenziwa ngumntu ngamnye kuluntu.
- Iqela lokuqala: Lalibunjwa ngababingeleli, iintloko, amagorha, amagosa aphezulu nabarhwebi.
- Iqela lesibini: yenziwe ikakhulu ngabalimi kunye namagcisa.
Ukongeza, bekukho eminye imiba amaZapotec awayeyijonga njengebaluleke kakhulu eluntwini kuluntu lwabo, njengaleyo siza kuyiveza ngezantsi:
Intsapho
Intsapho yayifuzisela into esisiseko nentlalontle yamaZapotec, apho umntu ngamnye, ngokwesini sakhe, wayenembopheleleko yokwenza umsebenzi othile. Zichazwe ngezantsi:
- Kwimeko yamadoda, ayesenza imisebenzi enjengokuzingela, ukuloba, ezolimo, urhwebo, izinto ezenziwe ngodongwe nokongezelela ekuqeqesheni njengamajoni.
- Kwabasetyhini, kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo ukubabona besebenza kwizinto ezibonisa ukuvuna, ukupheka, ukugcina amakhaya abo, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabo kwimisebenzi yezandla efana nokuphucula amalaphu, iibhasikithi, kunye nezinye; maxa wambi babeba nenxaxheba kumsebenzi wezolimo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amaZapotec ayekhetha ukuba neentsapho ezinkulu kakhulu, yaye ezi, nazo, zazama ukuhlala zisondelelene.
umshado
AmaZapotec aqhuba ukuzalanisa, ngoko ke kwakuqhelekile ukuba nomfanekiso ngqondweni kule mitshato yempucuko phakathi kwamalungu anomnombo wosapho olunye, banokutshata nabantu abavela kwezinye iintsapho.
Usolusapho
Kwimpucuko yaseZapotec, indawo abaphuhliswa kuyo yakhiwe ngeempawu ze-patriarchal, amadoda anendima ebaluleke kakhulu kulo luntu, ngoko ke kwakuqhelekile ukubona ukuba yonke into ihlanganiswe kulo melo.
lemveli
AmaZapotec ayenemithetho ephathelele ukulawulwa kwekhaya, ngokuqhelekileyo xa kukho imeko yokufa kwabazali bentsapho, ilifa labo lalisahlulwa, linika umntwana ngamnye isabelo sabo; Xa kwakukho abantwana kule ntsapho, babenelungelo lokufumana inxalenye ebaluleke ngakumbi yelifa, ekubeni babehlala nezibulo labo ngexesha lesi siganeko.
Ngokukwanjalo, kwabonwa umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweencindi ezaziza kufunyanwa ngokwesini, ekubeni ngokuqhelekileyo yayiyindoda eyayifumana izinto ezininzi kunakwinzala yamabhinqa. Kwakukho iimeko apho abazali babenika ilungelo kwizinto zabo xa befumanisa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukusebenza kwaye abantwana babo babebadala kunye nosapho olusele lusekiwe.
Inkolo
Ebudeni bexesha langaphambi kweSpanishi, impucuko yaseZapotec yayikholelwa ukuba indalo yonke igutyungelwe kwizinto ezine, nganye kuzo inomthunzi othile wombala yaye ineempawu ezithile, omnye wombala othile yaye ineempawu ezithile ezingaqondakaliyo nezinamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo. Ezi, nazo, zazinxulunyaniswa nezithixo zabo, zibanika izinto zendalo ezifana nezi: ilanga, imvula, amaza, nezinye. Ngokukwanjalo, balithathela ingqalelo ixesha njengebhayisikile kwaye lingenamda.
Okwangoku amaZapotec, agcina ngokuyinxenye iinkolelo zawo zakudala ezidibanisa neenkolelo zamaKatolika, phakathi kweenkolelo zangoku kulandelwayo:
- ukuzinikela kuYesu Kristu.
- Ukuqaphela kunye nokholo kwizilwanyana zomgcini, ezinesihloko se-shades. Banengcamango yokuba xa umntu ezalwa, ufumana ukukhuselwa kwethoni enokumelwa lulo naluphi na uhlobo lwesilwanyana; ukongezelela, kwakukholelwa ukuba wanikela iimpawu emntwini wakhe, enoba ngamandla, ukomelela, ubulumko, phakathi kwabanye.
- Ubukho babakhafuli needemon, abathi ngokwebali labo badla ngokuzibonakalisa bekwimo yomntu, enoba ngamadoda okanye ngamabhinqa.
- Kanye njengokuba kukho abefundisi beCawa yamaKatolika, kusekho abantu ababengabefundisi baseZapotec, yiloo nto bebonwa besalathisa izithethe nezithethe zale nkcubeko. Ukuze bagqame, aba befundisi bakwathiywa namagama amagqi, ekufuneka akhokele amatheko abalulekileyo anjengala: imitshato, imingcwabo, ubhaptizo, ukusikelelwa kwekhaya ngokushukuma, ukuhlanjululwa ngokomoya, phakathi kwezinye.
Imisitho
Ngokuphathelele izithethe zawo, amaZapotec ayebonakala ngokuzithoba koothixo ngokunika izipho, ukungqungqa, okwakuquka izithethe zegazi neminikelo yabantu nezilwanyana. Kwimeko yabantu, babedla ngokukhetha abantu abasuka kwizizwe eziziintshaba kwaye kolu tshintshiselwano bacela izithixo ukuba zichume kwizityalo zabo, imozulu entle, phakathi kwezinye izicelo.
Okwangoku, le mibhiyozo ihambelana neziganeko ezifana nezi zikhankanywe ngasentla, ezifana: umtshato, ubomi, ubhaptizo, umngcwabo, phakathi kwezinye. Ababini bawona mahlelo abalulekileyo yileyo yenzeka ngoSuku lweeNgcwele zonke, kunye nosuku lwengcwele engumxhasi woluntu ngalunye.
Ukuba ulifumene eli nqaku loMbutho wezoPolitiko weZapotecs linomdla, siyakumema ukuba wonwabe la manqaku athile: