Fumana kweli nqaku umdla indlela i Umbutho wezopolitiko wama-Aztec, iimpawu zayo, imiba ebalulekileyo kunye nokunye okuninzi. Ungayeki ukuyifunda!, apho sizakuzazisa malunga nendlela olu luntu olwakhiwe ngayo ngokwezopolitiko.
Umbutho wezopolitiko wama-Aztec: amanani amandla
Umbutho wezopolitiko wama-Aztec ubhekisa kwindlela impucuko yamandulo yaseMexico yasasaza ngayo kwaye yayalela amanani ayo amandla. Ngokubanzi, umbutho wobu Bukhosi wawusekelwe kulawulo oluhlangeneyo apho izibophelelo zegazi kunye nezakhiwo zentsapho zibalulekile.
Ngamanye amazwi, imimandla yaseMexico yahlulahlulwe phakathi kweentsapho ezidumileyo. Ngokunjalo, umlinganiswa ophambili yayiyiTlatoani; uhlobo lomlawuli okhethwe libhunga elenziwe ngabahloniphekileyo kunye nabameli beentsapho ezibalulekileyo.
Nangona ama-tlatoani ayenyulwe libhunga, aba balawuli kwakusafuneka babe nolwalamano lwegazi nokumkani owayengaphambi kwabo. Ngoko ke, abahloniphekileyo bakhetha i-tlatoani elandelayo kwiqela loonyana be-tlatoani yangaphambili.
Umbuso wama-Aztec wasekwa yi-Triple Alliance, eyayiquka umanyano lwezixeko ezithathu ezibalulekileyo: iTexcoco, iTlacopan neTenochtitlan. Noko ke, elona gunya likhulu ladityaniswa eTenochtitlán; oko kukuthi kule dolophu abanye babelawulwa kwaye babukele.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inxalenye enkulu yemimandla yoBukhosi bama-Aztec yayiquka abantu aboyisiweyo. Ezi zixeko zazigcina abalawuli bazo nendlela yazo yokuphila, kodwa kwakufuneka zinqule isixeko esikhulu.
Ezi rhafu zenze ukungoneliseki kwizixeko ezilawulwayo, okwathi ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwanceda abantu baseSpeyin ukuba baphelise ulawulo lweTenochtitlan.
Umbutho wezopolitiko wama-Aztec: amanani amandla
I Huey Tlatoani: wayengoyena saziwayo ubalulekileyo kwintlangano yama-Aztec. Wayegqalwa njengommeli woothixo, oko kukuthi, ummeli othe ngqo wezithixo. Amagama athi huey tlatoani angaguqulelwa ngokuthi "isithethi esikhulu".
AmaHuey Tlatoani akhethwa yi<em>pīpiltin, iqela lezidwangube ezaseka ibhunga lama-Aztec. Abanye ababhali baqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente wama-Aztec wasebenza njengohlobo lobukumkani belifa, kuba kuphela abantwana be-tlatoani abanokufikelela kwesi sikhundla.
ICihuacoatl: Ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sezopolitiko, iCihuacóatl ibambe indawo yesibini ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo samandla. Babengababingeleli abakhulu yaye indima yabo yayifana neyenkulumbuso.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-Cihuacóatl yayinoxanduva lokutshintsha i-tlatoani kwimeko yokungabikho; Wayekwayijaji eyongamileyo kumacandelo enkundla nawomkhosi.
Ukongezelela, amaCihuacóatl ayenokulungiselela amaphulo omkhosi aze abize intlanganiso yonyulo ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kufe i-tlatoani.
Ibhunga okanye iTlatocan: yayiyikomiti yama-Aztec yaye yayiyilwe liqela lamadoda ali-14 awayekwizidwangube, awayebambe esinye sezi zikhundla zilandelayo:
-Iinkokeli zonqulo.
– Abalawuli.
– Iinkokeli zomkhosi.
– Iintloko zabemi okanye iintsapho ezibalulekileyo.
– War abacebisi.
Kwiintlanganiso zebhunga, abakwaCihuacóatl bacebisa umxholo ekwakuza kuxutyushwa kuwo yaye amanye amalungu anikela iimbono zawo. Emva kokuba igqityiwe, u-Huey Tlatoani wenza isigqibo sokugqibela ngokusekelwe kwiinketho ezivezwe ngabacebisi bakhe. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ababhali-mbali bayavuma ukuba amalungu e<em>tlatocan ayengabantu abanempembelelo kakhulu kwibutho lama-Aztec.
I-Tlacochcalcatl: iguqulela ngokuthi "indoda evela kwindlu yedayi" kwaye yayisetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwiinjengele zaseMexico. Kwizigqibo zomkhosi, iTlacochcalcatl yabeka indawo yesibini emva kweTlatoanis. Ezi njengele zazinomsebenzi wokukhokela imikhosi nokucwangcisa amaphulo emfazwe. Ukongezelela, i-Tlacochcalcatl nayo kwafuneka ikhusele izixhobo zemikhosi, ezazigcinwe kwi-Tlacochcalco (indlu yeedati).
I-Tlacateccatl: Wayengumntu wasemkhosini owalandela iTlacochcalcatl ebalulekileyo. Umsebenzi wala majoni yayikukukhusela izisele ezikumbindi weTenochtitlán. I-Tlacateccatl ngokubanzi yayincedisa i-Tlacochcalcatl ekwenzeni izigqibo kunye nokulawula imikhosi.
IHuitzncahuatlailotlac kunye neTizociahuacatl: ezi zikhundla zazisetyenziselwa ukumisela abagwebi abaziintloko ngaphakathi koBukhosi bama-Aztec. Injongo yezi zidwangube yayikukwenza okusesikweni kuluntu lwaseMexico; ngokunjalo, izikhundla zazibanjwe ngabantu abazizityebi nabafundileyo.
I-Tlatoani okanye intloko yephondo: babengabalawuli bemimandla yama-Aztec. Ayenembopheleleko yokugcina ucwangco kwimimandla yawo.
Nangona babenokuzimela, kwafuneka badibane ne-huey tlatoani ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze banike ingxelo ngokukhula kwephondo kunye nokuhambisa ii-akhawunti malunga nokuqokelela irhafu.
I-Tecuhtli: Eli gama liguqulelwe ngokuthi "inkosi" kwaye lisetyenziswe ukubhekisela kubaveleli beminikelo. Ngamanye amazwi, i-tecuhtli yayingabalawuli abajongene nokuqokelela irhafu.
Ulawulo lwamandla avela kwiirhafu okanye kwiirhafu
Ukuze kugcinwe ucwangco negunya kwimimandla eyoyisiweyo, onke amaphondo ama-Aztec kwafuneka ahlawule uthotho lwembeko ukuze adluliselwe eTenochtitlán.
Ngokubanzi, iirhafu yayizimpahla ezithile (ukutya, iimpahla ezilukiweyo, phakathi kwezinye) ezithunyelwa ngabalawuli kwiishedyuli eziqhelekileyo (oko kukuthi, ngamaxesha athile ngonyaka).
Ngokukwanjalo, amaphondo akhupha ezi rhafu ayekhe abahlali abanezinye iilwimi kunye neenkolelo eziphantsi kwabasemagunyeni baseTenochtitlán.
Aba bahlali bavuma ukwenza le ntlawulo kuba babengenawo amandla omkhosi wama-Aztec. Enyanisweni, ukuba abazange bahlawule irhafu, i-Mexica inokusongela olu luntu ngohlaselo lwemfazwe.
Ulawulo lwamaphondo
Ngokwengxelo yaseSpeyin, uBukhosi bama-Aztec bahlulwa baba ngamaphondo angama-38. Le mimandla, emva kokuba yoyisiwe ngama-Aztec, yazigcina iinkosi zayo zasekuhlaleni yaye yayinenkululeko ethile yokuphumeza izithethe nezithethe zayo.
Ngombulelo kwimirhumo evela kula maphondo, i-Triple Alliance yakwazi ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ibe bubukhosi obukhulu. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba irhafu yayisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa ngemali kungekuphela nje amaphulo omkhosi, kodwa kunye nophuhliso lweziseko zophuhliso kunye nezolimo.
Imodeli yakho kunye nenkqubo
Ikhatshwa sisicwangciso somkhosi esinobuchule, umbutho wezopolitiko wama-Aztec wawusekelwe kwisicwangciso esenzelwe ukuqinisekisa amandla kuyo yonke imimandla eyoyisiweyo eMesoamerica.
Ngale ndlela, kunye namagosa ahlukeneyo alawula imimandla phantsi kolawulo lwezemali ngokohlobo, akwazi ukwenza iidolophu ezininzi zithotyelwe kubukhosi.
I-Triple Alliance kwintlangano yezopolitiko yama-Aztec
Ngokuseka iqonga elibizwa ngokuba yi-Triple Alliance, umbutho wezopolitiko wama-Aztec wajikeleza umanyano lwezixeko ezithathu, ezizezi, iTenochtitlán, iTexcoco neTlacopan.
Le Commonwealth yalwa amadabi amaninzi okoyisa avumela ukuba ikhule ngokukhawuleza, nangona kunjalo, isixeko saseTenochtitlán besisoloko sisiba liqabane eliphambili.
Nangona eli gunya limiselweyo lingabonwa njengento engathanga ngqo, kuba uninzi lwabalawuli bemimandla enqotshiweyo bahlala kwizikhundla zabo, iintlawulo ezinikezelwa yi-Triple Alliance zabiza i-Mexica ukucaphuka kwabantu abathobekileyo.
Kangangokuba uninzi lwabo lwanceda aboyisi ukuba boyise ubukhosi. Kwelinye icala, ulawulo lukarhulumente lwenkcubeko yama-Aztec lwalusekelwe kumandla ezidwangube awayephantsi komlawuli.
Indlela umbutho wezopolitiko wama-Aztec wawunolawulo oluphezulu ngayo
Ngeenjongo zeembekiselo zangaphambili, intlangano yezopolitiko yama-Aztec esekwe kumandla ezikhulu, yayinolu luhlu lulandelayo lolawulo:
- Umlawuli okanye u-Huey Tlatoani, owayenegunya lobuthixo, wagxininisa zonke iipolitiki, ezenkolo, ezomkhosi, ezentengiso kunye nezentlalo zombuso, ngaphezu koko, wamisela abalawuli beedolophu kwaye wakhuthaza ukukhula kwentsimi ngokusekelwe kwiimfazwe. uloyiso, ukufumana eyona mali ininzi yeziphoso.
- I-Supreme Council okanye i-Tlatocán, eyayixhasa u-Huey Tlatoani kwizigqibo zikarhulumente, yayibunjwe ngamalungu e-bureaucracy yama-Aztec.
- UCihuacóatl okanye intloko yababingeleli, wayengumntu othenjiweyo kumlawuli, owayemkhulula kwimisebenzi yakhe ngoxa wayengekho.
- I-Tlacochcálcatl kunye ne-Tlacatécatl babephethe ukulungelelanisa umkhosi, ukuseka amaqhinga emfazwe kunye nokubakhokela, bejongene noloyiso kunye noloyiso.
- UHuitzncahuatlailotlac kunye noTizociahuácatl babengabagwebi abakhulu kurhulumente wama-Aztec.
- UTlatoani okanye umlawuli, ongowezidwangube, wayelawula izixeko zobukumkani.
- I-Tecuhtli, okanye abameli berhafu, babenomthwalo wemfanelo yokuhlawula irhafu echanekileyo kwimimandla ethinjiweyo.
- Calpullec, yasekwa ziinkokeli ezahlukeneyo zaseCalpullis.
Kunokugqitywa ukuba intlangano yezopolitiko yama-Aztec ityhila ukuba enye yezinto ezilungileyo zale mpucuko inkulu yayinamandla amakhulu omkhosi kunye nenqanaba lentlangano yezopolitiko-yemimandla, eyaphumela kubutyebi obukhulu.
Ukuba ulifumene linomdla eli nqaku, siyakumema ukuba wonwabele ezi ezinye: