Imisebenzi kaJuan Rulfo: iBiography kunye nobomi boncwadi

Funda ngeli nqaku umdla i Isebenza nguJuan Rulfo, ubomi bakhe nendlela awakwazi ngayo ukuzibeka kuncwadi lwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX njengomnye wababhali ababalaseleyo.

Isebenza nguJuan Rulfo

UJuan Rulfo wayengumbhali obalaseleyo waseMexico umsebenzi wakhe wokubalisa wawumfutshane (1918 ukuya kowe-1986), nangona kunjalo, ugqalwa njengowona ugqibeleleyo nongqongqo kuncwadi lwangoku lwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX.

Imisebenzi yakhe ibalasele ngokuba nolwimi olufutshane olulungelelaniswe ngendlela engaqhelekanga nobunyani bembali.

Ngale ndlela, imibhalo yakhe yakhiwe kwilizwe labo, iphinda ichaze iinkcazo zeendawo ezimangalisayo, iimbonakalo-mhlaba ezimangalisayo, abalinganiswa abangaqhelekanga, phakathi kweminye imiba. Okulandelayo, siza kuchaza iinkcukacha Imisebenzi kaJuan Rulfo.

Ngolu lungelelwaniso lwezimvo, ngonyaka we-1953, umbhali wethu obalaseleyo wapapasha incwadi yakhe ethi El llano en llamas yaye kamva incwadi ethi Pedro Páramo. (1955) inoveli ithathela ingqalelo i-magnum opus yakhe. Wabhala amabali amaninzi apho u-El gallo de oro ephuma khona, ebhalwe phakathi kwe-1956 kunye ne-1958.

Ngenxa yoko, iinoveli zakhe kunye namabali amenze waqondwa kakhulu, kamva siya kukuxelela malunga nale miba yobomi bakhe boncwadi.

Okulandelayo, siza kuphengulula eyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo yalo mbhali udumileyo.

I-Burning Plain Works nguJuan Rulfo

Eli bali, lapapashwa ngo-1953, liqulathe amabali alishumi elinesixhenxe athathwa ngokuba ngabameli bokwenyani bendalo yokubaliswa kwamabali kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX.

Ubhalwe ngokungaqhelekanga lo msebenzi, uqulunqwe kwinkqubo yembali yeNguqulelo yaseMexico kunye neMfazwe yaseCristero. Sinokuthi eli bali likwingxelo yobunyani bomlingo.

Ke ngeli bali sifumana umbono wokuba babunjani ubomi babantu baseMexico.

Ngaloo ndlela, ibonisa iimpawu zendlela yokuchaza uJuan Rulfo, apho ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwe-colloquial, okuqhelekileyo kubemi bendawo apho iziganeko zenzeke khona, zivelele.

Lo msebenzi wawuya kubizwa ngokuba ngamabali kaLos Tío Celerino, ngokuhlonipha umalume wakhe uCelerino. Ngezihlandlo eziphindaphindiweyo, uRulfo wayeya kubhekisela ukuba ezininzi zeengqungquthela zemisebenzi yakhe ziphefumlelwe ngamabali awaxelelwa ngumalume wakhe ekuhambeni kwakhe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseMexico.

Lo msebenzi mkhulu kukuqulunqwa kwamabali aliqela. Bonke banengongoma enye efanayo kwaye kukuphelelwa lithemba kwihlabathi, umbono wokungabikho kokusesikweni. Ixesha elidlulileyo liphila ngokwenyani likhona kubalinganiswa. Ngenxa yoko, ubomi bukaRulfo bubonakaliswa emsebenzini, ngenxa yamaxesha awayephila ngexesha leNguquko yaseMexico.

Umsebenzi Elllano en llamas ubandakanya la mabali alandelayo:

• IMacario.
• Abakaliniki ilizwe.
• Ukuthambeka kwamaqabane.
• Kukuba sihlupheka kakhulu.
• Indoda.
• Ekuzeni kokusa.
• Talpa.
• IThafa Elivuthayo.
• Baxelele ukuba bangandibulali!
• Luvine.
• Ngobo busuku bamshiya yedwa.
• Khumbula.
• North Pass.
• Anacleto Morones.
• Awuva na izinja zikhonkotha.
• Ilifa lengelosi enkulu uMatilde.
• Usuku lokuwa.

Isishwankathelo seThafa elivuthayo

Okulandelayo siza kwenza inkcazo emfutshane yamanye amabali enza lo msebenzi ubalaseleyo:

Ibali elithi “Usinike ilizwe” liyimbonakaliso yeziqalekiso zezopolitiko nezentlalo. Ingxelo yisetyhula, apho ubomi bomntu buhlala bufana. Abemi balapho bantywiliselwe kukungazi nosizi, baphila ekufeni yaye bangamaxhoba engcinezelo.

Ngokuphathelele "uMhla wokudilika komhlaba," ingoma ibonisa ukungakhathali kwabasemagunyeni baseMexico kwintlupheko kunye neemvakalelo zabalimi abakwiindawo ezikude zedolophu, abahlala bevinjwe kwaye ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa ngurhulumente.

Elinye ibali elithi "Paso del norte", sinokubona amava omntu welizwe ekufuneni ikamva elingcono. Olo mzabalazo uqhubekayo wokuphucula iimeko zabo zokuphila osilelayo ekugqibeleni.

Ngale ndlela sifumanisa ukuba imixholo yawo onke amabali isokwe kugonyamelo, inzondelelo yempambano, ukuthotywa kwesidima somntu, ukufa, isini, ityala, zonke zishwankathelwa kubulolo ahlala kubo umntu kunye nemvukelo yokuhlala kwilizwe eliyinkangala.

UPedro Páramo usebenza nguJuan Rulfo

Yona kuphela inoveli ebhalwe ngulo mbhali ungaqhelekanga ixesha elide. Ngumsebenzi wokulandela umkhondo ngokumalunga nokubhala, kuba umbono wokuqala wavela xa uRulfo wayeneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala, kwaye wayichaza le mbono kwezinye iileta ezibhalelwe intombi yakhe uClara Aparicio.

Kwiileta zakhe ubhekisele kwinoveli ebizwa ngokuba yiNkwenkwezi yiNyanga. Le ndalo iya kwenza indlela yokukhulelwa kukaPedro Páramo, ukongeza kwimpembelelo ye-El llano en llama.

Ngasekupheleni kwenoveli, utshintsha isihloko kwaye unike igama elithi The Murmurs, phantsi kwempembelelo yoncwadi lwaseYurophu kumbhali, ngakumbi imisebenzi yababhali abanjengoWilliam Faulkner kunye noHalldór Laxness.

Yathi igqitywa le noveli, uRulfo wayengenamali. Ngethamsanqa, wafumana imali yokufunda kwiZiko lababhali baseMexico elamvumela ukuba ayigqibe phakathi ko-1953 no-1954. Ngo-1955 yavela njengencwadi.

Kwapapashwa amawaka amabini eekopi zale noveli ingaqhelekanga. Kwathengiswa iwaka kuphela, kwaza okuseleyo kwanikelwa. Ngaphandle kwale meko le noveli yaguqulelwa kwisiJamani, isiSwedish, isiNgesi, isiFrentshi, isiTaliyane, isiPolish, isiNorway kunye nesiFinnish.

Nangona wayegqalwa njengomsebenzi wakhe omkhulu, kwakukho abafundi abaye baphazamiseka ngenxa yokutshintsha kwesakhiwo sesiqhelo esaboniswa yinoveli, nangona kunjalo, uhlalutyo lwamva nje lubonisa ubungangamsha balo msebenzi, eMexico nakwihlabathi liphela. ihlabathi.

Kolu landelelwano lwezimvo, ababhali abadumileyo abanjengoJorge Luis Borges baye babhekisa kule noveli, besithi:

“UPedro Páramo yenye yezona noveli zibalaseleyo kuncwadi lolwimi lwesiHispanic, nakulo lonke uncwadi.^"

Abanye ababhali, kuquka abaphumelele iBhaso leNobel kuncwadi uGabriel García Márquez (1982) no-Octavio Paz (1990) bayidwelise njengenye yeencwadi ezibaliswayo kuncwadi lwehlabathi. Siyakumema ukuba ufunde kule khonkco iincwadi ezilungileyo zika-Octavio Paz Uluhlu lwezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo ezingama-20 zika-Octavio Paz

Umqhagi wegolide

Lo msebenzi yinoveli yesibini ebhalwe nguJuan Rulfo. Yaguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezininzi ezifana nesiFrentshi, isiTaliyane, isiJamani kunye nesiPhuthukezi. Yapapashwa ngo-1980 yaza yaphinda yapapashwa ngo-2010.

Yinoveli ebalisa ibali lendoda ethanda ukulwa neqhude, uDionisio Pinzón, kunye nomculi ogama linguBernarda Cutiño, owaziwa ngokuba nguLa Caponera.

Emva kokutyhubela iinzima ezininzi, ehlala ebuhlwempu aze alahle unina ogulayo ukuze anyamekele umqhagi awayewunikwe, uyaphumelela ekulweni iqhude eliphumelelayo.

Udibana noBernarda, luhlobo lwe-amulet kuba nangona umqhagi wakhe usifa emlo, uqala ukuphumelela kweminye imidlalo yamathuba. Batshata kwaye banentombi. Nangona kunjalo, ubomi obukhokelwa nguDionisio kunye nendlela yokuphila engenzi nto izisa uBernarda uxinzelelo oluninzi kwaye imkhokelela etywaleni, ebangela ukufa kwakhe.

Ngesi siganeko uDionisio ulahlekelwa yinhlanhla yakhe kwaye ngaloo ndlela ubutyebi bakhe, okukhokelela ekubeni azibulale. Intombi yabo iphetha njengonina, icula kwimiboniso eyaziwa ngokuba yipalenques.

Ubomi bukaJuan Rulfo

UJuan Rulfo, unyana kaJuan Nepomuceno Pérez Rulfo noMaría Vizcaíno Arias, wazalwa ngoMeyi 16, 1917 kummandla waseJalisco, eMexico. Igama lakhe elipheleleyo uJuan Nepomuceno Carlos Pérez Rulfo Vizcaíno

Uyise wabulawa ngo-1923, ngexesha leMfazwe yaseCristero, xa uJuan wayeneminyaka emi-6 ubudala.

Xa wayeneminyaka eli-10 ubudala, unina wafa, emshiya enyanyekelwa nguninakhulu.

ubuntwana kunye nolutsha

Kwidolophu yaseSan Gabriel, icandelo apho wayehlala khona nabazali bakhe, waqalisa izifundo zakhe zamabanga aphantsi.

Emva kokusweleka kukanina, umakhulu wakhe wafudukela eGuadalajara kwaye, engenazo izixhobo zokumxhasa, wambhalisa kwikhaya leenkedama laseLuis Silva. Apho ufunda isidanga sakhe, nangona wayengonwabanga kuloo ndawo.

Ngomnyaka we-1933, uzama ukungena kwiYunivesithi yaseGuadalajara, nangona kunjalo, akazange akwazi ukwenza oko ngenxa yoqhanqalazo olwalusenzeka esixekweni ngelo xesha.

Wafudukela kwisiXeko saseMexico apho waya kwiColegio de San Ildefonso njengomphulaphuli.

Ikhondo lomsebenzi

KwisiXeko saseMexico, uqala ukusebenza kwi-Ofisi kaNobhala kaRhulumente waseMexico.

Esi sikhundla simnika ithuba lokuhamba kulo lonke ilizwe, ukwazi inkcubeko kunye nokusondela ebantwini kumkhuthaza ukuba abhale amabali athile.

Ngowe-1934 waqalisa ukubhala iincwadi zakhe nokusebenzisana kwiphephancwadi America.

Ngokubhekiselele kubomi bakhe bobuqu kunye neemvakalelo, watshata noClara Aparicio. Abantwana abane bazalwa kulo budlelwane (uClaudia Berenice, uJuan Francisco, uJuan Pablo noJuan Carlos).

Iinkalo zeJuan Rulfo Works

UJuan Rulfo, naye wagqama kwezinye iindawo, siyakuxelela ngezinye iinkalo ezingezantsi:

Imbali

Ngaloo ndlela, uJuan Rulfo wabhala incwadi malunga nokunqoba kunye nekoloniyali yaseNueva Galicia, indawo eyaziwayo namhlanje njengeJalisco.

Izimvo zikaRulfo zisingisele kukubaluleka kokwazi ixesha eladlulayo kuba ngolu hlobo kukho ukuchongwa nokuba yinxalenye yendawo esisuka kuyo, oko kukuthi, ukwazi ngemvelaphi yethu njengabemi bendawo, ngolu hlobo uthando nomdla nothando oluya kufikelela apho sisuka khona. indawo umntu azalelwe kuyo.

Umfoti

Phakathi kwe-1946 kunye ne-1952 wangena ekufotweni, wasebenza kwinkampani yaseGoodrich-Euzkadi, emva koko wadlulela kwindawo yentengiso, esebenzisana nophuhliso lwe-Papaloapan basin kunye nokwenza ii-editions ze-Instituto Nacional Indigenista.

UJuan Rulfo, upapashe ezinye iincwadi kunye neefoto zakhe, imifanekiso eyenziwe ngumbhali, apho unokubona umhlaba, izakhiwo, iidolophu, ababhali abahlobo kunye nosapho.

Emva koko siyakumema ukuba ubukele le audiovisual ilandelayo kunye neefoto zikaJuan Rulfo

umbhali wefilimu

Ngesicelo somalathisi wefilimu, uEmilio Fernández, wenza imibhalo ethile yeefilimu. Wayenenkxaso yomnye umbhali waseMexico uJuan José Arreola.

Ngo-1964, uCarlos Fuentes noGabriel García Márquez bahlengahlengisa umdlalo, El gallo de oro phantsi kolawulo lukaRoberto Gavaldón.

Amabhaso kunye nembeko

UJuan Rulfo wafumana amabhaso amaninzi ngemisebenzi yakhe, apho siya kukhankanya:

Xavier Villaurrutia Award ngo-1955 kwinoveli yakhe ethi Pedro Páramo

IBhaso leSizwe loLwazi ngo-1970

Ilungu le-Mexican Academy of Language 1980

URulfo wafumana iMbasa yeNkosana ye-Asturias evela eSpain ngo-1983.

Ngowe-1985, iYunivesithi yeSizwe eZimeleyo yaseMexico yammisela ukuba nguGqirha Honoris Causa.

Ukufa

NgoJanuwari 7, 1896, lo mbhali ubalaseleyo wasweleka, elixhoba lomhlaza wemiphunga, eshiya isithuba esikhulu kwiileta zehlabathi.