Imbongi yokuzalwa, enothando olungenakwenzeka kwaye yaphawula ubomi bakhe. Uzinikele kumsebenzi woncwadi ngokuzinikela okukhulu nothando. Kuyavuyisa ukwazi imisebenzi kaCésar Vallejo. Indoda eqhelekileyo neyavalelwa entolongweni ngokungekho sikweni. Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngalo mbhali qhubeka ufunda.
I-Biography kunye nemisebenzi kaCesar Vallejo
Igama elipheleleyo lalo mbhali yayinguCésar Abraham Vallejo Mendoza, owazalwa ngowe-1892. Wasweleka ngoAprili 15, 1938. Isiganeko esenzeka kwisixeko saseParis eFransi.
Phakathi kwezakhono zakhe zobungcali yayikukuba ngumbhali kunye nembongi enemvelaphi yasePeru. Ngaphakathi komsebenzi wakhe kwintsimi yoncwadi kwakukho iindidi ezininzi azinikele kuzo, ephakathi kwazo:
- Isincoko
- Inoveli
- Umbongo
- Ibali
Kwakhona, umsebenzi wakhe waphuhliswa ngezigaba ezithathu ezi:
- Imodemu
- Ilungelo-garde
- uguqulo
Imisebenzi kaCésar Vallejo: Iimbongi
Iincwadi zemibongo zikaCésar Vallejo ziphawulwa ngokuchazwa okukhulu kunye nolwimi olukhathalelwe kakhulu, olukwacwangcisiweyo. Ngokuphathelele ezinye zezona zihloko zibalaseleyo, sifumana imisebenzi efana nale:
- Abaxeli abamnyama
- kathathu
- i-tungsten
- ilitye elidiniweyo
- Paco Yunque
I-Biography
Umhla wokuzalwa kukaCésar Vallejo ngu-Matshi 16, 1892. Ngokumalunga nabazali bakhe, babenguFrancisco de Paula Vallejo Benítez kunye nonina wayebizwa ngokuba nguMaría de los Santos Mendoza. Wayengoyena mncinci kubantakwabo abalishumi elinanye.
Nangona kunjalo, wagqiba izifundo zakhe eziziiprayimari kwiZiko leSikolo se-271, eliseSantiago de Chuco. Kamva izifundo zakhe zamabanga aphakamileyo zaqhutyelwa kwidolophu yaseHuamachuco eColegio Nacional San Nicolás. Zaye zaphuhliswa phakathi kweminyaka ye-1905 ukuya ku-1909.
Xa efika kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo ubudala, uqalisa izifundo zakhe ngeeleta, aze azibhale kwiYunivesithi yeSizwe yaseTrujillo. Ngexesha elifutshane, ngenxa yezizathu zoqoqosho, unyanzelekile ukuba azishiye izifundo zakhe. Noko ke, waphinda waqalisa izifundo zakhe ngeleta, ekwazi ukugqiba waza waphumelela ngoSeptemba 22, 1915.
Uqala ukupapasha imisebenzi kaCésar Vallejo
Ngendlela efanayo, ufumana ithuba lokupapasha imibhalo ethile. Ezi ziqalo zokusasazwa kwemisebenzi kaCésar Vallejo, zenzeke kumajelo asekuhlaleni, phakathi kwazo ezinye zeendinyana zakhe ezibhekiselele kwixesha lothando zakhululwa.
Ngomnyaka we-1917, wathandana kakhulu noZoila Rosa Cuadra. Wayelibhinqa eliselula elineminyaka nje eli-15 ubudala, elalimdala kuye ngeminyaka elishumi. lo mahluko weminyaka uya kuphawula ikamva lobudlelwane.
Nangona kunjalo, ixesha lobudlelwane lalifutshane kakhulu. Ngoko uCésar Vallejo wangena kwimeko yokudandatheka waza waphantse wazibulala. Ufumana kubahlobo bakhe ukukhanya kubumnyama obuninzi, ekubeni bakwazi ukumeyisela ukuba aye kwikomkhulu lasePeru. Olu hambo lwaluza kuba nenjongo yokufundela isidanga sobugqirha.
Ngoko wemka esixekweni, efika kwikomkhulu laseLima ngoDisemba 30, 1917. Ngokukhawuleza nje akuba efikile, ngoko nangoko waqalisa ukuba nolwalamano lwentlalo nabantu ababalulekileyo kummandla weengqondi, njengale:
- UManuel Gonzalez Prada
- UAbraham Valdelomar
Ngendlela efanayo phakathi kwemisebenzi kaCésar Vallejo, uqhubela phambili ekupapasheni imibongo yakhe emininzi, abayenzayo kwiphephancwadi elibizwa ngokuba yiSuramérica. Kwaye ke kunyaka olandelayo waqalisa ukufundisa iiklasi esikolweni.
Ngeli xesha wayenemicimbi yothando kunye nomntwana osemtsha ogama linguOtilia Villanueva. Xa efumanisa olu lwalamano lothando, uphulukana nomsebenzi wakhe kwiziko lemfundo. Kamva waqala ukusebenzisa isikhundla sokuba ngunjingalwazi kwigrama ngaphakathi kweColegio Nacional Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe.
Umsebenzi wokuqala kaCésar Vallejo
Ngonyaka we-1919, umbhali uCesar Vallejo wapapasha incwadi yakhe yokuqala, umqulu wemibongo enesihloko esithi "The Black Heralds", eyayiphawulwe ngexabiso elibalaseleyo lomculo. Le ncwadi ikwabonisa iimpawu zemodernism. Ngokukwanjalo, imixholo eyajika yaphindaphindeka eCésar Vallejo, enjengokubandezeleka komntu, nayo yaxoxwa.
Le yindlela le ncwadi, phakathi kwezinye iincwadi zikaCésar Vallejo, eyamnika ithuba lokuba enze indlela yakhe kwiincwadi zaseLatin America. Oku kwamvumela ukuba enze iihambo ezahlukahlukeneyo, phakathi kwezinye, ukuya kwilizwe lakowabo. Ngokunjalo, siyakumema ukuba ufunde kweli khonkco lilandelayo ubomi be UBenjamin Prado.
Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni eSantiago de Chuco, wamangalelwa ngokungekho sikweni ngokuthatha inxaxheba kumlilo owenzeka kwindlu yentsapho eyayingabarhwebi kwesi sixeko.
Oku kulishwa kwabangela ukuba lo mbhali avalelwe iinyanga ezine kwintolongo yedolophu yaseTrujillo. Ngaphandle kwesi senzo singafanelekanga ngabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni, wakwazi ukuqhubeka ebhala imisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo kaCésar Vallejo. Wade wakwazi ukuwongwa kukhuphiswano loncwadi
Nangona ityala awayetyholwa ngalo lavalwa, wakhululwa, kodwa phantsi kwemiqathango. Emva kwala mava akrakra wafudukela kwisixeko saseLima. Kulapho wapapasha omnye weyona ncwadi ibalaseleyo kaCésar Vallejo, enesihloko esithi "Trilce", oku kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1922.
Isihobe semibongo ehlaziyiweyo
Yingqokelela yemibongo eyamvumela ukuba ahlaziye isihobe esasisaziwa kude kube ngoko. Kamva, malunga nemisebenzi kaCésar Vallejo, kunyaka olandelayo wapapasha iseti yamabali awayibiza ngokuthi "Escalas melografiadas".
Emva konyaka we-1923 uCésar Vallejo wafudukela kwisixeko saseParis, ekhangela amava amatsha. Kwesi sixeko wakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yeendaba ezahlukeneyo eLatin America. Ukwafumana iqabane lakhe lobomi uGeorgette Philippart. Kwimisebenzi yakhe kaCésar Vallejo kwiminyaka yakhe yokugqibela, "El tungsteno" yagqama.
Impilo yalo mbhali yaqalisa ukuba nzima ngowe-1938, yaye walaliswa esibhedlele. Noko ke, kwakungenakubhenelwa kuye yaye ngoAprili 15, 1938, uCésar Vallejo wayeka ukubakho. Kwiminyaka nje engamashumi amane anesithandathu. Ukufa kwakhe kwabangelwa sisifo seengcongconi.
Ngoku ndikumema ukuba undwendwele amanqaku: