Ngenqaku elilandelayo siya kwazi yonke into malunga namagama abapostile be-12 beNkosi, iinkcukacha zobomi babo kunye nobudlelwane babo Jesucristo, ukongeza kwezinye izinto ezinomdla. Siyakumema ukuba uqhubeke ufunda eli nqaku libangel’ umdla.
Abapostile
Abapostile abali-12, njengoko besaziwa ngolo hlobo, ngabafundi bakaYesu, ababebaluleke gqitha ekusekweni kwecawa yakhe. EBhayibhileni, ngakumbi kwindinyana ye ISityhilelo 21: 14, ithetha ngesiXeko Esingcwele saseYerusalem, kodwa ikwabhekisela ngokukhethekileyo kwisibakala sokuba amagama abapostile abali-12 bakaYesu ayeza kubhalwa kwiindonga zesi sixeko.
Xa sibuyela kwingcamango yangaphambili, ngale ndlela kuboniswa ukuba uYesu wayenoxabiso olunzulu ngabo yaye wayebagqala njengento ebalulekileyo. Ukuba ufunda ngabafundi noko babekuko kuYesu ngokutsho kweBhayibhile, unokubona ukuba wabagqala njengomzekelo kumarhamente akhe nanjengabafundi bakhe, abo babefanele bafunde iimfundiso zakhe baze bazidlulisele ehlabathini. Siyakumema ukuba ulifunde eli nqaku Iingelosi ezinkulu
Njengoko kuchaziwe kwi Isivumelwano esitsha kweBhayibhile, amagama abapostile abali-12 aba nempembelelo ephawulekayo kwimbali, ngenxa yoko, amabali amaninzi aye adalwa ngeenxa zonke kubo ngenjongo yokuhlonipha ngamnye wabo, kwaye izithethe nemithandazo ziye zavela, nangona kunjalo, la mabali ibisoloko ingumcimbi wengxoxo-mpikiswano, into eqinisekileyo kukuba ayenempembelelo kwihlabathi ebaluleke kakhulu kangangokuba kwiinkulungwane ezingama-21 kamva ilifa labo lihleli.
Ukungena kulo mbandela, amagama abaPostile abali-12 ngala:
- Andrés
- UBharolomew
- Santiago, uMdala
- UJames Omncinci
- juan
- UYuda Sikariyoti
- UJudas Thaddeus
- Mateo
- Pedro
- Felipe
- USimon
- Tomás
Andrés
Umpostile Andrés ibingunyana ka UYona kunye nomntakwabo Pedro, ngaphambi kokuba waziwe njengomfundi we UYesu, ehlala kwisixeko sase bersaida nangaphakathi eKapernahum, wayengumlobi nje othobekileyo ngaphambi kokufumana ubizo lukaYesu. Ekuqalekeni kwayo, yalandela UYohane umbhaptizi, oku kubonakaliswa kwivesi ye UMarko 1:16 ukuya kwivesi UMarko 1:18.
Kwivesi ye Yohane 1: 40 kubaliswa ngendlela uAndrés awamthabatha ngayo umntakwabo uPedro ngaphambi kobukho bukaYesu, ngenxa yesi siganeko uAndrés waba ngowokuqala ukufumana isibizo sobuvangeli basemazweni, kwizixeko awayehlala kuzo, nakwizixeko zasemzini awayeza kuthi kamva afumane kuzo. gqiba kwelokuba ndiye kushumayela .
Kukho amazwe amathathu apho uluntu lwezenkolo lumthatha njengoMxhasi wabo oNgcwele, la mazwe ngala: iSkotlani, iRashiya neGrisi, ngokutsho kwababhali bembali kunye nabaphengululi beBhayibhile, le nyaniso ibangelwa kukuba, ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe njengomvangeli wasemazweni. washumayela ilizwi likaYesu kummandla waseAsiya eRashiya, eGrisi naseSitia.
Kuthiwa umpostile uAndreya wazisa abanye abantu kuYesu, oku ngezigidimi awayezishumayela, abanye abaphengululi beBhayibhile bathi imeko yakhe yayinzima, isizathu kukuba wayenazo zonke izizathu ezifunekayo zokuba abe nomona nokucaphukela uYesu, nangona kunjalo. , nangona wanelisekile luthumo lwakhe ebomini.
Ngokusekelwe koku, abaninzi baye bafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba eyona njongo okanye injongo ka-Andrew ebomini bakhe yayikukuzisa abo babephambukile endleleni, ukuze bamazi uYesu nothando lwakhe olunzulu ngoluntu, oku kwasebenza ukuze azive anelisekile.
Okubuhlungu kukuba, umpostile uAndreya wafa ngokungekho sikweni waza wagqalwa njengomfeli-nkolo. EGrisi, idolophu yase I-Patras yaba yindawo yale ntlekele, umfazi werhuluneli wayegula, waya kumbona kwaye akazange aphilise nje kuphela, wamsa kwindlela yobuKristu, ukongeza koku, naye waguqula umzalwana werhuluneli kwinkolo yobuKristu. Nangona wayesenza isidima, waphulukana nobomi bakhe ngenxa yokuba irhuluneli yayicatshukiswa seso senzo.
Umpostile uAndreya waqala wagwetyelwa entolongweni kwaza kwayalelwa ukuba abulawe, ingxaki yayikukuba wayeza kufa ebethelelwe emnqamlezweni, wayevakalelwa kukuba wayengafanelanga kukufa njengokuba noKristu wafayo, kuba wayekujonga ukufa kwakhe ngendlela efanayo noYesu. ukwenza kwakuya kuba yimbeko, ngoko ke, wabuza ababulali bakhe ukuba umnqamlezo wakhe ungafani nomnqamlezo awafela kuwo uYesu.
Umnqweno wakhe wafezekiswa kwaye nangona wayebethelelwe emnqamlezweni, umnqamlezo wakhe wawungafani nokaYesu, wayeya kufa emnqamlezweni emile okwe "X" ngelixa inkosi yakhe uYesu yayiza kufa emnqamlezweni efana no "T". . Lo mnqamlezo apho umpostile uAndreya wafela khona ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla usetyenziswa njengomfuziselo wonqulo, kwakhona ukuwumela umfanekiso weentlanzi ezimbini eziphothiweyo usetyenziswa, oku kushukunyiswa sisibakala sokuba ngaphambi kokuba ngumfundi kaYesu wayengumlobi weentlanzi.
UBharolomew
Lo mpostile wayehlala kwisixeko sase eKanan kwelaseGalili, igama lakhe elipheleleyo ngu uBhartolomeyu uNataniyeli kwaye wayengunyana ka UTalmai. Ngokutsho kweengxelo zembali, wayengumvangeli wasemazweni eArmenia, enyanisweni, abantu abaninzi bathi, kubo bonke abafundi bakaYesu, uBartholomew ngokukhethekileyo nguye kuphela owayephuma kwintsapho ehloniphekileyo, oko kukuthi, wayenegazi lobukhosi.
ngokwevesi yebhayibhile USamuweli 3:3, igama elithi Bartholomew linentsingiselo "unyana kaTalemayi", wayengukumkani wesizwe sase IGesur (kumazantsi eSiriya),kwabizwa intombi yakhe Maca waba ngumkaDavide ke ngoko unina UAbhisalom. Igama lalo mpostile, oko kukuthi, uBhartolomeyu, likhankanyiwe kwiindinyana ezininzi zeBhayibhile ezifana, UMateyu 10:3; Marko 3:18; Luka 6:14 y KwiZenzo 1:13. Ikwakulo lonke uluhlu lwabafundi bakaYesu.
Nangona eyaziwa ngokuba nguBartholomew, eli ayilogama lakhe lokuqala, leyesibini, kuyaziwa ukuba igama lakhe lokuqala ngokwenene. UNataniyeliNgenxa yoku, uYesu wagqiba kwelokuba ambize ngokuthi “ngumSirayeli wenene”, umntu ekungekho nkohliso kuye, oku kubonwa kwindinyana yeBhayibhile ethi. Yohane 1: 47.
Luncinci kakhulu ulwazi malunga nalo mpostile kulo mnqophiso omtsha, nangona kunjalo, ulwazi olukhoyo malunga naye luthi wayesisifundiswa esikhulu, esenza uphando oluninzi malunga nokubhala kunye nokufunda nzulu imithetho, naye wayephakathi. imbopheleleko yokufunda abaprofeti bamandulo.
UBartholomew wayengumpostile omkhulu, kodwa ngaphezu kwako konke, wayeyindoda emoyikayo uThixo, ekwangumnquli omkhulu walo mva, wagqiba ekubeni azinikele ngokupheleleyo enkonzweni kaYesu, ngoko ke, oku kwamenza waba ngumvangeli onomdla kakhulu. ukuba udume kakhulu.
Ngenxa yoko, ibandla laseArmenia lambhengeza njengomseki walo, isizathu kukuba washumayela ephelekwa nguFilipu eFrigiya naseHierapoli, bashumayela kwiindawo ezininzi, kodwa eArmenia kulapho bagqama kakhulu khona, oku. kwaphumela ekubeni emva kokubandezeleka kokufa kwakhe okungcungcuthekisayo, babemgqala njengomfeli-nkolo waloo cawa.
Ukufa kwakhe kwakulusizi, unobangela woku kukuba wagqiba kwelokuba aye eIndiya, wathi akufika washumayela ngoYesu, nangona kunjalo, oku kwamenza waphulukana nobomi bakhe ikakhulu kuba kwelo lizwe bangamakholwa anqula izithixo kwaye baqhelisela inkolo eyahluke kwaphela; oku kwabangela ukuba amadoda amathathu alukhuphe ulusu lwakhe ngeemela esaphila, emva kweentlungu ezinkulu ezibangelwa kukulutywa ephila, wopha wafa. Ngenxa yoku umelwe ngeemela ezintathu.
USantiago (indoda endala)
Lo Mpostile wayengunyana ka uZebhedi kunye Salome, ke ngoko, ungumzalwana wompostile uYohane, wayengumlobi weentlanzi owayehlala kwezinye izixeko ezibalulekileyo zelo xesha, njengesixeko esingcwele sase. IYerusalem, Isixeko sase IBhetesayida kwaye ekugqibeleni eKapernahum, apho washumayela kakhulu ngelizwi likaYesu.
Lo mpostile kalusizi wanqunyulwa intloko ngomyalelo kaHerode, oku kwenzeka ngonyaka wama-44 AD, isiganeko esibaliswa kwindinyana yeBhayibhile. KwiZenzo 12:1 y KwiZenzo 12:2. Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwakhe ukushumayela eYerusalem nakwaYuda, wayengomnye wamalungu awayebizwa ngokuba yi-Inner Circle, oku kwakubunjwe ngabantu ekwakusithiwa bafumene amalungelo akhethekileyo.
Xa ufunda itestamente entsha kunokubonwa ukuba akukho ulwazi oluninzi malunga noMpostile Santiago, ukongeza, ngalo lonke ixesha ukhankanywa kuye, okanye ngalo lonke ixesha isiganeko malunga nobomi bakhe sibonakala kwaye sibaliswa, akathethwanga ngabanye. ngokuba , umzalwana wakhe uYohane ifakiwe, Ngokutsho iindinyana zeBhayibhile Marko 1:1; Marko 1:20; UMateyu 4:21 noLuka 5:1 ukusa kwese-11Kuyabonakala ukuba aba bazalwana babenolwalamano olusenyongweni, ngoko babesoloko bekunye.
Kuthiwa ukuba uSantiago wayeyindoda ehlala enandipha isibindi esikhulu, kodwa ngaphezu kwazo zonke izinto umoya wakhe wawuzolile kwaye ugcwele ukuxolelwa, wayengumntu ongenamona, ngoko ke, akazange akhathazeke ngokuhlala egutyungelwe ngumzalwana wakhe uJuan Ukongeza, yena. ukwachazwa njengendoda yokholo olukhulu, ngelishwa waba ngowokuqala kwabapostile abali-12 ukufa ngaloo ndlela esiba ngumfeli-nkolo, umfuziselo wakhe ngamaqokobhe amathathu, oku ngenxa yokuba wayehamba ngezonqulo enqumla iilwandle.
USantiago omncinci (mncinci)
Lo mpostile wayengumzalwana wompostile UJudas Thaddeus, abazali babo babenjalo UAlfeyu (uCleophas) y María, wahlala IGaliliya. Ngokutsho kweengxelo zembali, yena ngokwakhe wabhala incwadi (Incwadi yileta) eya eSantiago, kuyaziwa ukuba washumayela kumazwe anjengePalestina neYiputa, apho ekugqibeleni wayeza kufa ebethelelwe emnqamlezweni.
Kubo bonke abapostile be-12, lo ngumpostile oneyona datha incinci yembali, ke ngoko, kunzima ukwazi ngembali yakhe, ubuncinci ngedatha eqinisekisiweyo ngokupheleleyo, nangona kunjalo, abanye ababhali-mbali baye baqikelela ngokusekelwe kwiindinyana ezithile ezingaqondakaliyo (Ambiguous kukuba zineentsingiselo ezingaphezu kwenye) zokuba uYakobi noMateyu babengabazalwana.
Ngokwento ethethwayo ngaye, wayeyindoda enesimilo esinamandla nesingenakuguquka, wayebalasele phakathi kwamadoda amaninzi. Njengabanye abapostile, wagwintwa waza ke ngoko waba ngumfeli-nkolo, umzimba wakhe, emva kokuba ubethelelwe emnqamlezweni, wanqunyulwa ngokurhabaxa ngesarha, ngoko ke isimboli sakhe njengompostile sisisa .
juan
Umpostile uYohane wayengumzalwana wompostile uYakobi (umdala), ngoko ke wayengunyana kaYakobi uZebhedi kunye Salome. Lo mfundi wakhawuleza wazenzela igama elihle, wayeyindoda eyaziwayo ngenxa yokuba wayethandwa nguYesu kangangokuba wada waba ngumthwalo wokunyamekela uMariya emva kokuba ebethelelwe emnqamlezweni, kwakuye kwathethwa la mazwi alandelayo.mfazi apho unonyana wakho, nyana phaya unonyoko«.
Ngaphambi kokuba abe ngumpostile opheleleyo, wayengumlobi nje othobekileyo, njengomntakwabo, wayehlala kwizixeko zaseBhetesayida, eKapernahum naseJerusalem, ngenxa yewonga awayelilungu leSangqa sangaphakathi sesixeko. Kubo bonke abapostile, lo ngoyena ubalaseleyo, kungekuphela nje ngenxa yokuba wayeshiywe ephethe unina wenkosi yakhe.
Wabhala iincwadi zevangeli ezininzi, ukongeza ekwenzeni oko, wazinikela ekutyeleleni amabandla aseAsiya waza washumayela kuwo, wabandezeleka elubhacweni xa wayekwisiqithi sasePatmos, naye wavalelwa entolongweni, nangona kunjalo, isigwebo sakhe saba sesokwexeshana. , ngoko ke, wakwazi ukuhamba ekhululekile, ekugqibeleni, wafa ngenxa yezizathu zendalo, ezihluke kakhulu kubafundi abakhankanywe ngasentla.
Wayengomnye wabapostile abafanelekileyo, kwi ITestamente eNtsha inendima enkulu kuba, ukhankanywa izihlandlo ezininzi kwiindawo ngeendawo, uchazwa njengendoda eyayisoloko ilungele nantoni na, kukwaphawulwa nokuba yayinamabhongo amaninzi, yayicaphuka yaye kuthiwa, nangona konke oko kwakusenzeka. iimpawu zakhe ezintle, intliziyo yakhe yayinganyamezeli.
Kuyaziwa ukuba bobabini kunye nomntakwabo uSantiago umdala bavela kwintsapho elungileyo, enyanisweni, kukho abo bathi intsapho yakhe yayikwimeko engcono yentlalontle kuneentsapho zabapostile bonke, kuyaziwa ukuba igama lakhe eliphakathi lalingu I-Boanerges, intsingiselo yalo yokoqobo ithi "unyana wendudumo", ngoko ke isimilo sayo.
Ngokutsho kwevesi UMarko 1:20, kuyaziwa ukuba uyise kaJuan wayedla ngokuqesha abancedisi, oku ngenjongo yokuququzelela umsebenzi wakhe ngephenyane lokuloba, kucingelwa ukuba ekubeni wayenabakhonzi ekusenokwenzeka ukuba wayeziva emkhulu okanye ekude lee kunabo.
Kuyaziwa ukuba uJuan wayehlala esondelene kakhulu noPedro, bade bathatha inxaxheba kwiziganeko ezininzi, nabo bakhonza kwinkonzo efanayo, nangona kunjalo, uPedro wayesoloko ethetha phambi koluntu, oko kukuthi, ilizwi leqela.
Ukutyhubela iminyaka, njengoko ekhula, uJuan watshintsha ubuntu bakhe, xa wayesele ekhulile, wafikelela kwinqanaba lokukhula, wayezibeke ecaleni ezininzi iimpawu zakhe, iimpawu ezimbi kufuneka ziqatshelwe, kwacaca ukuba wayesele ewashiyile amabhongo akhe, kwanaloo hambo igqabhukileyo yayimchaza, ekuphela kwento eyahlala injalo de kwayimini yokufa kwakhe luthando noxabiso awayenalo ngoYesu, umfundisi wakhe.
Nangona kuthiwa uJuan wafumana umzamo wokubulala, wafa ngokwemvelo, indlela ababezama ukuyisebenzisa kunye naye yayinobuqili, nabani na oye wayiqhuba wasebenzisa i-chalice yewayini, kuphela endaweni yesiselo esinetyhefu, nangona kunjalo uThixo wamsindisa. , njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kolu hlaselo umelwa yindebe enenyoka.
UYuda Sikariyoti
UYudas Skariyoti mhlawumbi ngomnye wabapostile abavunyiweyo, oku kungenxa yokuba indima yakhe yayikukuthengisa uYesu Kristu ukuze afumane imali, ngakumbi amaqhosha esilivere angamashumi amathathu, nangona kunjalo, emva kokufumana umvuzo wakhe uYudas wagqiba ekubeni abubulale, ngenxa yesi sizathu kanye. wazixhoma, njengoko kubaliswa kwiivesi ze Mateyu 26:14-16.
Kuyaziwa ukuba igama likayise nguSimón kwaye wazalelwa kulo neKeriyoti. Kulo ITestamente eNtsha UYudas uboniswa njengomntu ongaqondakaliyo nokunzima ukumqonda, ubizwa ngokuba ngumngcatshi ngenxa yokuba wathengisa inkosi yakhe uYesu, oku kubaliswa ngeentlungu ezithile kuba wayesondele kakhulu kuYesu esiba zizihlobo, wakwazi ukubona imimangaliso inkosi yakhe eyayimfumene. wade wafumana iimfundiso zakhe ezininzi, ngoko akukho bani unokuchaza into eyamkhokelela ekubeni enze oku kungcatshwa.
UYudas ungena kuludwe lwamagama abapostile abali-12, nangona ebonakala kuphela kwabathathu kwaba, kwiincwadi zevangeli. Mateyu 10:4; UMarko 3:19 noLuka 6:19, oku kusenokuba ngenxa yohlobo oluthile lokuziphindezela ngenxa yokungcatsha kwakhe umakhulu. Imbali yemvelaphi yayo ayicacanga ngokupheleleyo kuba ayaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo apho ivela khona, kucingelwa ukuba ivela kwisixeko sakwaYuda, kufuphi kakhulu neYeriko.
Kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba uYudas wayenenkolo yobuYuda, oku kwahlukile kwabanye abafundi bakaYesu kuba bonke abanye babengamaGalili. Kuyaziwa nokuba uJudas wayephethe imali, ngamanye amazwi, wayengunondyebo weqela labapostile, kuyaziwa nokuba wayeyinkokeli yokuzalwa kuba wayelawula iingxoxo.
Uphawu olubalaseleyo awayenalo uYudas kukuba wayengumYuda othanda ilizwe lakhe, oku ngamanye amaxesha kwakuphelela ekuvezeni iimpawu ezinamandla nezinoburhalarhume kwicala lakhe, kuyaziwa nokuba wayeneminqweno yobuqu yokulandela uYesu, wayenethemba lokuba ukulandela kwakhe uYesu. UYesu yonke iminqweno yakho kunye neenjongo zakho zobuqu zinokufezekiswa.
Ngenxa yesikhundla sakhe njengonondyebo weqela, ekwaphenjelelwa ziimpawu zobuntu bakhe, akukho bani wayenokumsindisa uYudas ekugxekweni, enyanisweni, babebaninzi ababemazi ngokubawa, ngoko ke, okwamenza wanezimvo ezimbi, naye. uyaziwa ukuba wasebenzisa isikhundla sakhe njengonondyebo ukuze afumane imali kwisipaji esiqhelekileyo ukuze kungenelwe yena.
Inyani eyehla embalini, yade yaba lilizwi elidumileyo, yayikukumanga okudumileyo kukaYudas, oku wanikelwa nguye kuYesu imizuzu ngaphambi kokuba amngcatshe, nangona kunjalo, akukho mntu unesizathu esicacileyo nesobuqu sokuba uYudas wamngcatsha uYesu. inkosi yakhe, ngoko ke kucingelwa kuphela ukuba yayiyeyeengqekembe zesilivere ezingamashumi amathathu.
Nangona kukholelwa ukuba, ukungcatshwa kukaYudas uYesu yayingesosizathu siphambili sokuba abethelelwe emnqamlezweni, esona sizathu yayikukusisindisa ezonweni zethu. Umfuziselo awachazwa ngawo uYudas waza wanxulunyaniswa nawo sisibonda esisihla ukuze sinqumle intloko, nangona maxa wambi sithatyathelw’ indawo yingxowa ezele ziingqekembe zesilivere eziphuma kuyo.
UJudas Thaddeus
Lo yayingumninawa kaSantiago Omncinane, ngoko ke, wayengunyana ka-Alphaeus (uCleofás) noMariya, ngaphezu kokwaziwa ngokuba nguJudas Tadeo, wayekwabizwa ngokuba nguJudas Tadeo. lebeo. Akukho datha ininzi eyaziwayo malunga nobomi balo mpostile kuba akukho datha yaneleyo yembali, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba wayehlala eGalili.
Ngokusuka kwiingxelo ezimbalwa zembali ezikho ngaye, zityhila ukuba wazinikela ekushumayeleni ngelizwi likaThixo eSiriya nasePersi, kule ndawo yokugqibela awafela kuyo ngelishwa, njengenkoliso yabapostile bakaYesu, naye waguquka. kwi-mair kule nto.
Lo mpostile ubalasele kakhulu kwinani lamagama abantu ababedla ngokumbiza ngawo baze bamthiye, oku kwamenza wakufanelekela ukwaziwa ngokuthi «iitrinomials«, ulwahlulo olunikezwe nguJerónimo, kwaye oko kuthetha ukuthi "indoda enamagama amathathu«.
kwivesi yeBhayibhile UMarko 3:18, ibizwa ngokuba UThadde, kodwa kwivesi yeBhayibhile uMateyu 10:3 kuthiwa lebeoekugqibeleni kwiivesi zeBhayibhile ULuka 6:16 kunye neZenzo 1:13, ubizwa ngokuba nguYudas uMzalwana waseSantiago, lo wokugqibela njengento ekhethekileyo yokumahlula kuYudas Skariyoti, nangona igama lakhe lokugqibela lalinguTadeo, bambiza kwakhona «uYudas umZeloti«.
Kuyaziwa ukuba wayenesimilo esinamandla, esinobundlavini nobundlongondlongo, kuyaziwa ukuba wayengumntu othanda ubuzwe, kodwa obu buzwe bamthathe bambeke kwelinye inqanaba kuba kuyaziwa ukuba intliziyo yakhe yayizele kukulambela igunya. ade afune ukongamela abantu abanyuliweyo.
Ndiyabulela kwiingxelo zembali ezinxulumene netestamente entsha, iyaziwa yindinyana yeBhayibhile Yohane 14: 22 ukuba xa wayencokola noYesu ebudeni besidlo sangokuhlwa sokugqibela, wabuza uYesu isizathu sokuba enze isigqibo sokuzibonakalisa kuphela phambi kwabo, oko kukuthi, abafundi bakhe, yaye akazange akwenze oko phambi kwehlabathi liphela.
Kuyo yonke into, uJudas Tadeo wabuza uYesu le mibuzo kwisidlo sokugqibela kuba wayefuna ihlabathi lonke libe nethuba lokumazi uYesu, wayefuna ukuba wonke umntu akwazi ukuzazi iimfundiso zakhe, kodwa okona kubaluleke ngakumbi, asikuko ukwazi oko. yena kuphela njengomsindisi owabandezelekayo, wayefuna ukuba lonke ihlabathi limazi njengokumkani onenceba.
UYesu waphendula konke oku kuJudas Tadeo ukuba, ukuba abe ngukumkani, uthando alunakuthathelwa indawo amandla, le mpendulo yanele ukucacisa nawaphi na amathandabuzo awayenawo. Kuyaziwa ngokweenkcukacha ezithile zembali ukuba uJudas Tadeo washumayela iVangeli kaYesu kwisixeko sase edessa, kufutshane kakhulu nomlambo UmEfrate.
Wathi akuba kwindawo angazange ashumayele kuyo kuphela, waphinda wathatha ithuba lokuphilisa onke amanxeba awafumeneyo, emva kokuba ulawulo lwakhe luphelile wazinikezela ekushumayeleni iindaba ezilungileyo kwimimandla emininzi. Ekugqibeleni wabulawa kuhlaselo lotolo eArarati. Isimboli emelwe ngalo lo ngcwele sisikhephe, isizathu kukuba wayengumvangeli wasemazweni, umsebenzi wakhe yayikukuba ngumlobi wabantu, ngokuthetha ngokufuziselayo.
Mateo
Kuyaziwa ukuba wayengunyana ka AlpheusNgexesha lobutsha bakhe wayehlala kwisixeko sase eKapernahum, igama lakhe yayinguMateo, kodwa wayesaziwa nangokuthi ULevi. Kuyaziwa ukuba, kangangethuba elithile, wayesebenza njengomqokeleli werhafu edolophini. Ekugqibeleni, wabhala incwadi yeVangeli ngokukaMateyu yaye kamva, wafela e-Ethiopia egqalwa njengomfeli-nkolo.
Kwiindinyana ezininzi zeembekiselo zeBhayibhile zenziwa egameni lakhe kuba, ngo ULuka 5:27 nesama-28; eyakhe ivangeli UMateyu 9:9 nakuMarko 2:14, umbandela wokuba ungubani uxutyushwa ngenxa yokuba wayekwabizwa ngokuba nguLevi, ngale ndlela kwaziwa ukuba eli yayiligama lakhe lesibini, ekugqibeleni, babalisa nendlela awathelela ngayo abapostile abali-12.
Ukuba namagama amabini kuyinto eqhelekileyo namhlanje, nangona kunjalo, ngelo xesha oku kwakuxhaphakile kuphela kuMbindi Mpuma, kunqabile kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Igama lakhe elithi Mateo lithetha "isipho esivela kuThixo", kodwa igama likaLevi ngokweendinyana zeBhayibhile libonisa ukuba wayenikwe uMateo nguYesu.
Kucingelwa ukuba wayengumntakwabo kaSantiago omncinci kwicala likayise, oku kungenxa yokuba uyise wayenguAlfeyu, nangona kunjalo, kuncinci okwaziwayo malunga nompostile uMateyu, kwinqanaba lomntu kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba ubomi bakhe umqokeleli werhafu yayiyinto eyayibalasele ngaphezu kwabanye.
Inguqulelo yeBhayibhile uReina Valera uyamgqala lo mpostile njengomqokeleli werhafu, oku kungenxa yokuba wayezibophelele ngamandla ekukhonzeni uluntu, nto leyo eyayinxulumene nomsebenzi wakhe wokuba ngumqokeleli werhafu. Kuyaziwa ukuba ngelo xesha wonke umntu wayebathiyile abaqokeleli berhafu, kodwa isizwe esasibathiyile kwaye sibajongela phantsi kakhulu ehlabathini lonke yayiluhlanga lwamaYuda.
Awona maYuda azinikeleyo kaThixo, ayekholelwa ngokusuk’ entliziyweni ukuba oyena mntu wayefanele ukuhlawulwa irhafu yezoqoqosho yayinguThixo, ingenguye omnye umntu, owayehlawula irhafu kuye nawuphi na umntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziinkokeli zobupolitika okanye ookumkani babegqalwa njengesona sono sikhulu. .
Isizathu sokuba bathiywe bonke abo babezinikele ekuqokeleleni irhafu, kungekhona ngenxa yeenkolelo zonqulo kuphela, oku kungenxa yokuba irhafu yayingalingani, ngoku iirhafu eziqokelelwayo zibalwa ngokusekelwe kwingeniso yabantu, kumaxesha amandulo irhafu. zazibalwa ngokusekelwe koko kwakufunwa ngabaqokeleli ngokwabo.
Kwiivesi zeBhayibhile zetestamente entsha ye Luka 5:30; Marko 2:15 ne-16; noMateyu 18:17, 21:31-33 nese-9:10, abaqokeleli berhafu babegqalwa njengezono njengezona zaphuli-mthetho zikhohlakeleyo, kodwa intiyo yayinkulu kangangokuba nokuba ngumqokeleli werhafu kwakujongwa njengento embi ngaphezu kokuba nonongogo.
Inxalenye yodumo olubi ababenalo aba lwalubangelwa kukuba babengekho sikweni, isizathu sikukuba, ukuba babefuna, babebiza umntu isixa-mali esingekho ngqiqweni.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu kwakunganyanzelekanga ukuba bahlawule ezo rhafu ziphakamileyo ababezifuna, ngaloo ndlela bebabangela ukuba baphulukane nayo yonke into, esinye isizathu sokuba babe negama elibi kukuba babexhaphaza abahambi, babeboleka imali ngenzala ephindwe kathathu. isixa-mali sokuqala esasibolekiwe.
Ekuqaleni uMateyu akazange akhethe, nangona kunjalo, uYesu wagqiba ekubeni amnike ithuba waza wamkhetha njengomfundi wakhe, oku kwamangalisa abaninzi, kuba umfundisi omkhulu wayenyule indoda ethiywe ngabo bonke, nangona kunjalo, uYesu waphendula kuyo yonke into le, ukuba waqaphela ukuba akangomntu unentliziyo embi, waphinda wathi ubone yonke into anokufikelela kuyo xa exhaswa.
Esi sibakala sasinokubonwa ngokucacileyo xa uMateo, ngokungafaniyo nabanye abapostile, enobuchule bokufunda nokubhala, abanye, njengoko babezinikele ngaphambili ekulobeni, bengazange balukhulise olo lwazi. Ngenxa yesibakala sokuba uMateyu waba ngomnye wabapostile, waba ngumntu wokuqala emhlabeni ukukhuphela ngesiHebhere zonke iimfundiso zikaYesu emhlabeni.
Ngexesha lokunyulwa kukaMateo njengomfundi, wonk’ ubani wakhwankqiswa, kuba akukho mntu wayecinga ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba uthile ololo hlobo wayenokuguqulwa, noko ke, oku kwakububungqina nje bokuba kuThixo into engenakwenzeka ayikho, nto leyo eyayisebenza ukuze kufezekiswe uBukumkani bukaThixo. babonise kuluntu lobuKristu ukuba mabangagwebi abantu nokuba bangoobani na.
Ngenxa yako konke oku, uMateo waba ngowokuqala ukubhala ngoYesu kunye nesigidimi sakhe kwihlabathi, uMateo wayengumvangeli wasemazweni owayeshumayela ilizwi lakhe leendaba ezilungileyo, wayenombulelo kakhulu kuba wayiguqula indlela yobomi bakhe ebulela. UYesu. Unxulumene nophawu lweengxowa ezintathu ezizele yingqekembe, oku kumela ubomi awayenabo ngaphambili njengomqokeleli. Siyakumema ukuba ufunde oothixo bobuddhism
Pedro
UPetros wayengunyana kaYona, njengabanye abapostile, ngaphambi kokuba athelele uYesu njengomfundi wakhe wayengumlobi weentlanzi owayehlala kwizixeko zaseBhetesayida naseKapernahum. Kuyaziwa ukuba wawenza umsebenzi wakhe wobuvangeli eshumayela kumaYuda, de waya kufikelela kude eBhabhiloni.
UPetros wayelilungu lesangqa sangaphakathi sesixeko saseYerusalem, wabhala iincwadi ezimbini zetestamente entsha ebizwa ngegama lakhe. Ngokweengxelo zembali esinazo ngaye, kuyaziwa ukuba naye wabethelelwa esixekweni saseRoma, ngokungafaniyo nabanye abapostile abambethelela emnqamlezweni.
Kuzo zonke izintlu zabapostile usoloko ekhankanywa njengoPetros, nangona kunjalo, wayesaziwa ngamanye amagama, kwiminyaka kaKristu, olona lwimi lwaziwayo yayisisiGrike ngoxa isiHebhere sasingaziwa kangako. Oku kwaphumela ekubeni igama lakhe libe ngu “Simon” ngesiGrike no “Kefas” ngesiHebhere, omabini athetha ulwalwa, oku kubonakala kwiindinyana. Marko 1:16; Yohane 1:40 kuse 41; kwabaseKorinte 1:12, 3:22 nese-9:5; Galati 2:9.
Njengabanye abafundi, uPetros wayevela eGalili, amaGalili ayesaziwa ngokuhlala evelisa izinto ezintsha kuyo yonke into awayeyenza, ayevuleleke kakhulu kutshintsho awayelubonisa, ekwakulungele ukuqalisa uvukelo ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwakusaziwa ukuba abaphumi-mkhosi, kodwa phezu kwayo nje loo nto, babegqalwa ngokuba ngamanene.
Ngokutsho kwe Talmud (umsebenzi oqokelela izithethe zamaYuda), amaGalili yayingabantu ababelangazelela imbeko ngakumbi kunoloyiso, babeneemvakalelo ezibukhali yaye bengamatyhuthutyhuthu, babesaziwa nangokuba neemvakalelo ezinzulu, benenzondelelo ngengcamango yokuphila ubomi obutofotofo. bathembeka kwada kwasekupheleni, nangona wayengomnye nje umGalili phakathi kweqela lakhe, waba yinkokeli.
Kwivesi yeBhayibhile UMateyu 15:15, ibaliswa ngendlela awayibuza ngayo uYesu intsingiselo yalo mzekeliso, ukongezelela, wabuza eminye imibuzo kumfundisi uYesu, enjengokuba sifanele sibaxolele kangaphi abanye abanye, nkqu nombulelo kuye kukuba siyawazi umvuzo obakho xa silandela. UYesu, uYesu, yiloo nto wabalaselayo njengesithethi sabapostile.
Enye into ngoPetros yeyokuba ungomnye wabokuqala ukuvuma kuYesu, wada wafikelela kwinqanaba lokumvakalisa njengoNyana kaThixo uyise.” UPetros wahamba noYesu ukuya entabeni apho wenza kumila kumbi, wayibona imimangaliso kaKristu. kakuhle, wabona indlela intombi kaYayiro wabuyela ebomini, ngelishwa, naye wamkhanyela uKristu phambi komkhonzi.
Nangona uPetros wayezenza iimpazamo ezininzi, wayengumntu owayesoloko eshumayela kwaye ezinikele kuYesu, yiloo nto wayesoloko enobabalo, yiloo nto kwakungakhathaliseki ukuba wawa izihlandlo eziliqela, nokuba woyisakele, wayesoloko efumana ubabalo. Wahlala enobabalo Lwamnceda waphinda wakhalipha. Xa efile wathi makabethelelwe ejonge phantsi kuba wayengalifanelanga iwonga lokufa njengoYesu, kungoko efanekiselwa umnqamlezo ojonge ezantsi nezitshixo ezinqamlezileyo.
Felipe
Njengabanye abafundi bakaYesu, uFilipu naye wayengumlobi weentlanzi, enyanisweni, wayengowaseBhetesayida njengabanye abapostile. Ngokweerekhodi zembali ezikhoyo, uFilipu wazinikezela ekushumayeleni eFrigiya kwaye ekugqibeleni wafa njengomfeli-nkolo eHierapolis, kwaye nangona ekhankanyiwe kwiindinyana zeBhayibhile Mateyu 10:3; Marko 3:18; ULuka 6:14 kunye neZenzo 1:13, kuthethwa kuphela ngokwenza izinto kwivangeli ngokukaYohane.
Abaphengululi beBhayibhile abaninzi baye baxabana ngoFilipu, oku kungenxa yokuba kwiincwadi zevangeli zeBhayibhile ekuthethwa ngazo, uhlala echazwa njengomntu ohlukileyo, nangona kunjalo, oku kungenxa yokuba njengoko zabhalwa ngabantu abahlukeneyo. , indlela yokumchaza nayo yayahlukile, ingxabano eyayisetyenziswa ngabanye babakhuseli bakhe.
KwiVangeli kaYohane, uFilipu kuthethwa ngaye njengomnye wabokuqala ukwamkela ilizwi likaYesu, oku kwaba sisizathu esaneleyo kwabanye abapostile ukuba bamxelele xa badibana phambi kukaKristu «Ekugqibeleni samfumana unyana kaThixo, lowo UMoses nabanye abaprofeti bachaza.
UBartholomew wayengathembeki kancinci, nangona kunjalo, uFilipu akazange abonise olu hlobo lokungathembeki, ngokuchaseneyo, wasabela kuYesu "Yiza ubone" ngoko, kunokubonwa ukuba nangona wayembonile okokuqala wagqiba ekubeni athembele kuKristu. , nokuba uFelipe wayenolwazi oluphangaleleyo njengomvangeli wasemazweni.
UFelipe uchazwa njengomntu onentliziyo entle, nangona ngelishwa naye kusithiwa akanathemba, uchazwa njengomntu obethanda ukwenzela abanye izinto ezintle, nangona kunjalo, ngokutsho kwakhe, akazange abone ukuba angathini. yenza oku, hayi Noko ke, wayesoloko enikela konke okusemandleni akhe, etyhila ngale ndlela isizathu sokuba uThixo amnyule.
Okulusizi kukuba, wafa ejinga, kodwa wasebenzisa amandla akhe okugqibela ukuze acele umzimba wakhe ukuba ungasongelwa kwilinen ecikizekileyo ngenxa yokuba wayengakufanelekeli ukuphathwa njengoYesu, wakhetha ukusongelwa ngompapiri. Ifuziselwa njengebhaskithi yokutya ngebali lebhayibhile, kuthiwa wayengowokuqala ukuphatha umnqamlezo njengomKristu kunye nesimboli esoyisayo.
USimon
Akukho nto ingako eyaziwayo malunga nompostile uSimon, kodwa wayesaziwa ngokuba yi "Zealot" kuyaziwa nokuba wayengumGalili, ngokweengxelo zembali wafela emnqamlezweni. Kukho ingxoxo malunga nendlela yokuyibiza ngokuba, kwinguqulelo yeBhayibhile yeReina Valera ibizwa ngokuba yi "Cananist" kwiindinyana. UMateyu 10:4 noMarko 3:18, ngoxa kwezinye iinguqulelo zeBhayibhile kwiindinyana ze ULuka 6:15 kunye neZenzo 1:13, ubizwa ngokuba nguSimon Zeloti.
Kwitestamente entsha akafane abizwe ngegama, kuphela into yokuba wayengumzondeli igqamayo, leyo yindlela ababebizwa ngayo bonke abo babengamaYuda athanda ubuzwe, babephulukene neengqondo ngenxa yokuba babenentiyo enzulu ngamaRoma, enyanisweni . intiyo yawo yayinkulu kangangokuba yabashukumisela ukuba batshabalalise isixeko saseYerusalem (isenzo samaZealot esingabandakanyi uSimon).
AmaZealot achazwa njengeqela elingakhathaliyo, elinomona nelinobugorha, kunokubonwa kwiingxelo ezingoSimon ukuba naye wayengumthandi welizwe eligqithileyo, kwaye njengamanye amaZealot naye wayenokungathembi iRoma okwamtya ngaphakathi. USimon, elandela emanyathelweni kaYesu waza waba ngumpostile, wazishiya zonke ezo mvakalelo zobumnyama.
Kuyaziwa ukuba wakwazi ukuyishiya ngasemva yonke loo ntiyo ebulela kwiimfundiso zikaYesu, nangona wabulala ngenxa yokunyaniseka kuSirayeli, watshintsha ngokupheleleyo xa wazinikela ekuthandeni kukaThixo. Njengabanye abapostile, wayengumfeli-nkolo, umfuziselo wakhe yintlanzi eseBhayibhileni, oku kungenxa yokuba ngaxa lithile ebomini bakhe wayengumlobi weentlanzi.
Tomás
Kuyaziwa ukuba uTomas wayehlala kwisixeko saseGalili, kuyaziwa ukuba wayesebenza kwizixeko ze Parthia nakumazwe anje ngePersi neIndiya, ngelishwa, njengabanye abafundi abaninzi bakaYesu, wafa esiba ngumfeli-nkolo, oku kwenzeka entabeni ebhaptiziweyo njengoThomas Ongcwele ebekwe eIndiya, kwaye kuthiwa naye wabethelelwa emnqamlezweni.
UTomas yayiligama lesiHebhere awayenalo, nangona igama lakhe lesiGrike lalikho i-didymosNoko ke, bambi beza kumbiza ngokuba nguYudas. Kwiincwadi zeVangeli zikaMateyu, uLuka noMarko akukho phantse ulwazi ngaye, bathetha kuphela igama lakhe, nangona kunjalo, kwiVangeli kaYohane kukho ulwazi oluninzi ngaye.
UTomas wayekho ekuvusweni kukaLazaro, oku kuchazwe kwindinyana ka Yohane 11:2 kuse 16. Ukwathethwa ngaye kwiivesi ze Yohane 14:1-6, apha ibaliswa ngendlela awayefuna ukuyazi ngayo umendo kaYesu nendlela yokuwulandela. Ekugqibeleni, kwindinyana yeBhayibhile ye Yohane 20: 25, kubaliswa indlela awalayo ukukholelwa ngayo ukuvuka kukaYesu, wathi ngaphandle kokuba abone amanxeba ezandleni nasezinyaweni zakhe, kwanenxeba lakhe ecaleni wayengayi kukholwa, kungoko wathiywa igama elithi “Thomas. ongakholwayo.
Indlela uTomás awayekholelwa ngayo yayingamathandabuzo, wayengenathemba ngendalo, nangona yonke into, waziwa njengendoda ekhaliphileyo, uchazwa njengomntu ekwakufuneka abone ukuba akholwe, nangona wayeyindoda ezinikeleyo nezinikeleyo. ukholo kuYesu Kristu, xa wavuswayo waxelela uTomas ukuba abone amanxeba akhe ezandleni zakhe, ecaleni nasezinyaweni awayephulukene nobomi bakhe.
Nangona uTomas wayesoloko ekholelwa ukuba iindaba ezilungileyo zisoloko zilunge gqitha ukuba zibe yinyaniso, ukholo lwakhe aluzange luyeke ukukhula yonke imihla ukuze akhonze uYesu. Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, wanikwa umsebenzi wokwakha ibhotwe leKumkani yaseIndiya, kodwa wathi akugqiba wabulawa ngomkhonto, ngaloo ndlela waba ngumfeli-nkolo, ufanekiselwa ngemikhonto eliqela eqokelelwe ngamatye kunye nomkhosi wakhe. iintolo. Ukuba ulithandile eli nqaku unokufunda Ukuphilisa iMantras