Las Iintaba ezinamatye, yiNkqubo yeCordilleras, egubungela ummandla waseNtshona kuMntla Merika. Ukusuka eCota Máxima, iimitha ezingama-4.401 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, kwi-Elbert Peak kwiState of Colorado. Yabhengeza iiPaki zayo nge-UNESCO, kwi-1984, iNdawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi. Fumana konke malunga nabo apha.
Iintaba ezinamatye
Las Iintaba ezinamatye, ekwachongwe ngamagama e "Rocky Mountain Range" okanye ngokulula "Rocky Mountains". Ziyinkqubo yokuphakama, ezidityanisiweyo, ezidityanisiweyo okanye ezidityaniswe kunye, oko kukuthi, ziluluhlu lweentaba. Emi kwinxalenye esentshona yoMntla Melika, ekwachongwe njengoMntla Melika okanye uMntla Melika.
Ekwachaza umngcelele onxuseneyo noNxweme oluseNtshona. Ukusuka kwiPhondo laseBritish Columbia, ekwachongwa njengeBritish Columbia okanye ngokulula BC ebekwe kuMntla-ntshona. Ukukhenketha okanye ukuwela umda wePhondo laseAlberta neBritish Columbia, ude ufikelele kuMzantsi-ntshona weUnited States of America, kwiLizwe laseNew Mexico.
Ngamanye amazwi, le nkqubo yokuphakama edityanisiweyo ichaza umngcelele onxuseneyo osuka kuNxweme oluseNtshona loMntla Merika, kanye usuka eAlaska. Ifumaneka kuMntla-ntshona, ukuwela iKhanada kwaye iye kumazantsi-ntshona eUnited States of America. Incopho yayo ephezulu okanye eyona nqanaba iphezulu ibekwe kwiNtaba ye-Elbert, eColorado, kumphakamo weemitha ezingama-4.401 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle (masl).
Ngowe-1915, kwasekwa indawo eyaziwa ngokuba yiRocky Mountain National Park eUnited States of America. Apho kwiminyaka engama-69 kamva, ngakumbi ngo-1984, iCanadian Rocky Mountain Parks yabhengezwa njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli yiUNESCO.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ngenxa yeendawo zayo ezibukekayo, kunye nokungenakuthelekiswa kwayo, okuchulumancisayo kunye nokusendle. Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana. Iindawo zayo zibe zezona ndawo zibalaseleyo okanye iimeko zokurekhoda, ukunika ubomi kwiimuvi ezahlukeneyo zasentshona. Ikwabandakanya kuyo yonke indlela yayo kuMntla-ntshona-mpuma, eyona ndawo inomtsalane kubakhenkethi, kubakhenkethi beeholide kunye nabathandi bezemidlalo.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6WgNxBVXFQ
Imvelaphi yeeNtaba zeRocky
Imvelaphi yeentaba ze-Rocky ibonakaliswe okanye ibonakaliswe ukususela ekuqaleni kwempembelelo okanye umphumo wokuhamba kwee-tectonic plates. Ukuzibhekisa kwipleyiti yoLwandlekazi lwePasifiki ngokuchasene nelizwekazi laseMntla Melika.
Apho kufanele ukuba, inkqubo yeeNtaba zeRocky yaqala ukudalwa kwayo ngokuthe ngcembe, ngelixa i-continental crust of theglobe yayincipha. Ngenxa yempembelelo, imveliso okanye isiphumo soxinzelelo, olwenziwa ngesixa se-2,5 centimeters ngonyaka.
Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukunyuka kwabo kuqhubeke, kuba i-geologically baqhubeka bekwenza oko, becinga ukuba ngenjongo yokubhalisa kunye nokufunda basekwa njengolutsha.
Igama lakho livela phi?
Igama leentaba zeRocky livela kwigama okanye kwintetho yelizwi lamaIndiya aseMelika. Emva koko ngo-1752, uJacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, wemvelaphi yaseYurophu, wammisa ukuba ambize ngokuthi "Montagnes de Roche".
Zombini iiNtaba zeRocky, njengayo yonke into ekummandla wazo, zadityaniswa njengendawo yokuhlalisa abantu bomthonyama abohlukeneyo. Oko kufikelela kwindawo ekude kakhulu kwixesha elidlulileyo, yayiyindawo yophuhliso apho zazingelwa khona izilwanyana ezinjengeenyathi kwanezilwanyana ezinkulu esele ziphelile.
Ngalo lonke ixesha unjalo Iintaba ezinamatye zazibonwa njengendawo engcwele, umzekelo wenkolelo eyadityaniswa ngabantu abafana namagorha anamandla ezizwe zama-Apache okanye amaSioux.
Qala ukuPhonononga kwakho
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ekuqaleni kwekholoni eyenziwa yiSpeyin, iiNtaba zeRocky zahlala zingaziwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nenkulungwane ye-1793, ubukho bayo buqala ukuqwalaselwa kwaye umnqweno wokuhlola uyazalwa. Ekubeni inaloo mntu uqalisa ukungena nokuyihlolisisa, nguMhlekazi uAlexander Mackenzie, inzalelwane yaseSkotlani, ngonyaka we-XNUMX.
Kudlule iminyaka eliqela kwaye uvavanyo luvela esandleni sikaLewis kunye noClark, ababulawa phakathi kwento eyenza iminyaka ye-1804 - 1806, apho baqokelela iisampulu zezifundo ezahlukeneyo.
Imbali nenkcubeko
Amaqela okuqala abhadulayo, eza kuhlala e Iintaba ezinamatyeBasebenzisa imilambo yabo ukwenza urhwebo lwabo, kunye nokuhamba ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1800, xa abahloli bamazwe baseYurophu babekwincopho yabo, kunye nokufunyanwa kweentsimbi ezininzi ezixabisekileyo, ukuhlaliswa kwabaphambukeli kwanda kakhulu.
Ukongeza, ukusekwa kweengoma ezintsha kuqalisa, njengoko kwakunjalo kumzila kaloliwe onqumla kwilizwekazi. Oko kwaziwa, kwakuyinxalenye yophuhliso lwenkulungwane esele idlule. Apho ngaphandle kokuba noqhagamshelo olukhulu kunye noqhagamshelwano, kancinci kancinci ibisenza inkqubela yanamhlanje.
Rocky Mountain Formation
Inkqubo yokwakhiwa kweeNtaba zeRocky iqhutyelwa nge "Cenozoic orogenesis". Ukuthwala ukuba baqulunqwe "yi-core of crystalline rocks". Apho, le core igutyungelwe lilitye lentlenga. Ekugqibeleni ukufumanisa ukuba ukubunjwa kwayo kuyimveliso ye:
- Ukhukuliseko lomoya.
- iingozi zentaba-mlilo.
- Imizila yeQuaternary Glaciation.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iCarboniferous engasekhoyo, ehambelana nendawo yesihlanu kwi-Paleozoic Era, yayilixesha lomsebenzi onzima we-tectonic. Apho iiplati zikaLaurentia kunye neGondwana zafika khona, zivelisa inkqubo yokuguquka kwe-Appalachian orogeny, oku kuthetha "ukudala iintaba".
Emva koko, kuyo yonke i-Paleocene kunye ne-Eocene yokuqala, ukutyibilika komphetho we-Earth's crustal plate kwenzeka kwindawo enzulu. Ezantsi koko kukho namhlanje eNtshona kuMntla Melika. Ukuqala ukuphakama kwe-crust, oko kukuthi, i Iintaba ezinamatye.
Apho kuyo yonke iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-60, ngexesha lokuzivelela kwazo kunye nokwakheka, baye bahlaselwa yimozulu, igeology, phakathi kwezinye, ngaphandle kokuyeka ukukhula kwabo.
Iimpawu zeNtaba yeRocky
Las Iintaba ezinamatye Bagqama ngokubonisa ezi mpawu zilandelayo, ezizezi:
- Bakwintshona yoMntla Merika.
- Ubude bayo bujikeleza malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-4.800, ngelixa ububanzi bayo buhluka phakathi koluhlu lwe-110 ukuya kwi-480 yeekhilomitha.
- Eyona ncopho iphakamileyo yiNtaba iElbert eziimitha ezingama-4.401 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle.
- Inxalenye ye iimpawu zemozulu yeeNtaba zeRocky, yenza ukuba ibe likhaya kwimithombo emininzi yeyona milambo ibalaseleyo kuMntla Merika. Imizekelo yezi yiColumbia River kunye neBravo.
- Imida yayo ifumaneka kuMntla Alberta kunye neBritish Columbia, eCanada. Kubandakanya uMzantsi weNew Mexico, iState of the United States of America. Ngaphesheya kwamaThafa Amakhulu aseMpuma kunye nezitya ezahlukahlukeneyo, kwakunye namathafa aseNtshona.
- Idibanisa i-Continental Divide of America, enoxanduva lokwahlula izitya ezikhuphela amanzi azo kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki.
- Zahlulahlulwe zaba ngamacandelo, angala: Iintaba zaseCanada Rocky eKhanada; Iintaba zaMazantsi aMatye; Iintaba zaseMantla zaMatye kunye neeNtaba zaseMbindi zaMatye. Aba bathathu bokugqibela ngaba iintaba zaseUnited States.
- Uhlaza lwayo lunqongophele kakhulu, lutshintsha ngokupheleleyo lusingise eMntla apho inehlathi elishinyeneyo elishinyeneyo.
- Kwinxalenye yawo esemantla kulapho kuboniswa khona iintlambo ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye ziboniswa ngendlela ebalaseleyo ngokucutheka nobunzulu bazo.
- Kuqheleke ngokupheleleyo ukuba ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiweyo kwe-telluric kuyenzeka kwindawo yeentaba ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yokuba iiPlaneti zombini ze-Pacific Ocean kunye ne-North American Subcontinent ziqhelanisa ngokuchasene.
- Uluhlu lweentaba zalo lwenza umqobo wemozulu othintelayo okanye othintela ukufuma kwemimoya evela eNtshona.
Rocky Mountain Resources
Iintaba zeRocky zigqamile ngokuxhamla kwezi zixhobo zilandelayo, ezizezi:
- Oovimba beziMbiwa: Oovimba bezimbiwa ethandwa ngabo ikakhulu yigolide, isilivere, i-molybdenum, ubhedu, i-zinc, i-sodium carbonate kunye nelothe, phakathi kwezinye. Ukukhumbula ukuba, ngaphandle kweminye imimandla okanye imimandla yesibini, kufunyenwe amalahle kunye neoyile.
- Izivuno ethafeni: Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-high mountain meadow yiyo egubungela yonke indawo, nangona kunjalo, kwiintlambo kulapho izityalo ezahlukeneyo zezolimo zeetapile kunye neecereal zihlala khona. Ngelixa kummandla osemantla kukho ukufuywa kweegusha.
- Ezokhenketho: Ukhenketho lungumtsalane onamandla wezi ntaba. Apho imidlalo eyahlukeneyo enokuthi isetyenziswe iyinxalenye yezinto ezintsha zale ndawo, ngakumbi kwixesha lasebusika. Olunye umtsalane omkhulu lunikezelo olukhoyo lokuhlala kwabakhenkethi. Ngaphandle kokushiya ulonwabo olukhulu olunikezwa nguloliwe, onqumla iintaba ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye ikuvumela ukuba uxabise imbonakalo yawo emihle yomhlaba.
IJografi yeentaba zeRocky
Ngokwejografi, i Iintaba ezinamatye ziyinkqubo yeentaba zeentaba, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba ukunyakaza kwe-telluric, kunye neziganeko ze-volcanic, zixhaphake ngokupheleleyo kwaye ziphindaphinda kwindawo. Ngaselunxwemeni, isongiwe ngokuqaphelekayo, kuba kulapho ungquzulwano phakathi kwaMacwecwe oLwandlekazi lwePasifiki kunye nelo loMntla welizwekazi laseMntla Melika lwenzeka khona. Apho, oku kungenxa yesiphumo sangaphambili esiveliswayo.
Isigwebo esinaso i-horst kunye ne-graven, senza ukuba kube lula ukufumana izitya zangaphakathi ezikude okanye ezikude. Iintaba zeRocky kwicala elingasempuma zibonisa amathafa amakhulu asembindini. Ngokumalunga neNtshona, yindawo apho behla khona de babekwe kwizitya enazo ngaphakathi. Apho isiphumo sokhukuliseko esifunyanwa ngamatye sixabiseke ngokupheleleyo.
Ngaphandle kwecala lasemaZantsi, nazo ziyehla de zithathe ulwando olukhulu, oluquka indawo enkulu kwiState of Wyoming. Sele ikwiState of Colorado, ifumana ubucukubhede obubonakalayo, kangangokuba babekwe kudederhu lweentaba ezincinci ezinobukhulu obuncinci.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iiNtaba zeRocky zenza isahlulo esifanelekileyo samanzi ayo omlambo agalela kwi-Arctic, i-Atlantic kunye ne-Pacific Oceans. Ikwanayo nokuba kwiindawo ezininzi, ukoma kubonisa enye yeempawu zayo ezidume kakubi, apho abaninzi banxulumanisa le nyaniso kumgama wayo ukusuka elwandle.
Ngalo ke, iintaba zisebenzisa umqobo othile wemozulu obangela ukufuma kwemimoya evela eNtshona ukuba ime, ingasebenzi okanye ingakwazi ukuhamba. Uhlaza lwayo lubonakala ngokunqongophala kakhulu, lukwicala elingasentla kuphela lentaba, apho ligqunywe lihlathi elibanzi nelixineneyo nelishinyeneyo le-coniferous.
IiFlora kunye neFauna kwiiNtaba zamatye
Enye yezinto ezinomtsalane ezinamandla kwiiNtaba zeRocky kukuba zininzi kakhulu xa kufikwa kwizilwanyana zasendle. Ngaloo ndlela kuqulunqwa iibhayom ezahlukeneyo, eziziiyunithi zeempawu ze-ikholoji ezigubungela indawo enkulu enemozulu efanayo.
Kunye ne-ikhosistim eyohlukeneyo, eyilwakhiwo eyenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo ezifumaneka kwindawo, kunye nokusingqongileyo okuqhelekileyo, okwazo okanye ngokukodwa. Ukhumbula ukuba yonke le ngxaki ibe yimpendulo kukhukuliseko olungenakubalwa, kunye nomkhenkce owenzekileyo kule minyaka i-60 yezigidi edlulileyo.
Ngalo mqondo, umntu unayo ke, ebanzi okanye ebanzi Iimpawu zeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo elawulayo, nto leyo exabiseke ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo imihlaba ye:
- emathafeni
- Ithafa
- IBosque
- Meadow
- Imigxobhozo, phakathi kwabanye.
Flora
Ngokuphathelele i-flora, kwiindidi zayo kuvumela ukujonga uluhlu olubanzi lwezityalo ezibonelelwe ngeentyatyambo, imifuno, i-conifers, ingca, i-mosses, phakathi kwabanye. Ukuba nezityalo ezibalaseleyo:
- IPonderosa Pine (iPinus ponderosa)
- Ifreyini yaseDouglas (iPseudotsuga menziesii)
- Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii)
- Oki (Genus Quercus)
- IAlpine Fir (Abies lasiocarpa)
- Iipopulari (Populus sect. Aigeiros), phakathi kwabanye.
Apho, kwicala elingasempuma le Iintaba ezinamatye, ngokukodwa kummandla ongasentla, uhlaza lwayo lunikezelwa kubukho bendawo efumileyo enengca ende. Ngelixa kwindawo esemazantsi, uhlaza lwalo luyafana, kwindawo efumileyo, kodwa umahluko kukuba uzibonakalisa ngemifuno yobukhulu obuncinci okanye uphuhliso.
Emva koko yonke into iyatshintsha ngaphezu komgca womthi, kuba eyona nto iya kubonakala imbalwa kakhulu imifuno kunye nezityalo ezimbalwa ze-cushion, ngoko ke ukungabikho kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kubonakala, yintoni eyenza kube lula ukuba neendawo ezihlukeneyo, njengalezo ezichazwe ngasentla. , ezijongene, phezu kwentaba enye.
izilwanyana
Izilwanyana eziyinxalenye ye Iintaba ezinamatye iyahluka kulo lonke ukwandiswa kwayo, ibonisa iintaka ezimele kunye nezilwanyana ezincancisayo. Phakathi kwezo zibalaseleyo, ibhere elimnyama ( Ursus americanus ), ibhokhwe emhlophe ( Oreamnos americanus ), igusha yophondo olukhulu ( Ovis canadensis ). I-wolverine (Gulo gulo), i-lynx yaseCanada (iLynx canadensis), ixhama elinomsila omhlophe (Odocoileus virginianus), i-trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator). Kanye kunye nenyamazane yaseCanada (i-Cervus canadensis), i-mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), i-coyote (Canis latrans), ibhere elimdaka (Ursus arctos), i-grouse emhlophe (Lagopus leucura), phakathi kwabanye.
IiRockies zaseCanada
Iintaba zeCanadian Rocky ziphakathi kweePaki zeSizwe ezine:
- Banff
- leyaspisi
- Kootenay
- Ewe
Ngokunjalo, ngaphakathi kula maPhondo mathathu:
- INtaba iAssiniboine
- Ihamber
- Intaba robson
Le Canadian Rocky Mountain Range yahlulwe phakathi kwamaPhondo Alberta kunye British Columbia. Kwiipaki ezine, ezona zikhangayo kakhulu kwaye ezona zigqwesileyo zifumana abakhenkethi abaninzi yiBanff kunye neJasper.
Ngokuphathelele ubuhle kunye neenkcukacha eziboniswayo, zihlelwa "njengengcwele yendalo". Apho kuya kuxatyiswa ngokupheleleyo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo, kunye nobukho behlathi, amachibi, iincopho, ii-glaciers, imilambo, phakathi kwabanye. Uluhlu lwezilwanyana lubalasele kubo bonke ububanzi bayo.
Iphawulwe ngokubhengezwa njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi yiUNESCO ngo-1984.
I-Banff National Park yeyona ndawo ikude kakhulu eCanada, apho ithathwa njengenjalo ukususela ngo-1885. Kwindawo yayo yonke ye-6.642 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha, kukho ithuba elibanzi lemihlaba engenakulibaleka kunye namava. Apho utyelelo olungenako ukuphetshwa lolo:
- Ichibi leBow kunye nePeyto Lake.
- ILake Louise, iLake Agnes kunye neLake laseMoraine.
- IBow Valley Parkway kunye neJohnston Canyon.
Kwelinye icala, kuthathelwe ingqalelo eyesibini kakhulu etyelelweyo, iJasper National Park, ebekwe kwicala elingasentla leeRockies zaseCanada. Ibhalwe ngokukhankanyiweyo ukususela ngowe-1930 kwaye inommandla opheleleyo ogubungela ngokubanzi i-10.878 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha. Kule paki, utyelelo olucetyiswayo olungayi kulityalwa ngenxa yobuhle bayo obukhulu, lwenziwe:
- Iziko le-Icefield kunye ne-Athabasca Glacier.
- IiNgxangxasi zeSunwapta kunye neeNgxangxasi zeAthabasca.
- Ichibi leMedicine kunye neChibi leMaligne.
Izilwanyana zasendle zeRockies zaseCanada
Iintaba zeCanadian Rocky ziphawulwa ngokuba luzuko lwasemhlabeni oluchulumancisayo, zikwabonelela ngezona zilwanyana zikhethekileyo, ezilawulwa kuyo yonke ipaki ngaphandle kwemida. Apho ukhuseleko oluphunyezwa ngabagcini beepaki lungqongqo kwaye ngokomda abawufaneleyo. Apho abakhenkethi ngabona bonwabileyo, le meko-bume iba yeyona ndawo inomtsalane.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngokwendawo yokuhlala, le yifauna eya kubonakala, nganye ikhokela kwindawo yayo. Eyona nto imele kwaye iyamangalisa kuzo zonke yibhere yegrizzly, enobunzima obungaphezu kweekhilogram ezingama-500. Oku kulandelwa yibhere elimnyama, elithe, nangona lingangxamanga kwaye linobundlobongela njengegrizzly, isesisongelo ekufuneka silumkele.
Ngaphandle kukho abanye ukuba phakathi ezahlukeneyo Flora kunokwenzeka ukufumana, njengoko zinjalo: ii-cougars, amaxhama, iigusha ezinophondo olukhulu, amaxhalanga anempandla. Kanye ne-moose, i-wapití, i-squirrels, iibhokhwe zeentaba ezimhlophe, iingcuka, ii-beaver, iilynx, phakathi kwabanye. Apho ezinye ziya kuba lula ukuzibona, ngelixa ezinye ziqhelekile ukubonwa, zombini kubaphathi beepaki kunye neendwendwe.