INkawu iTití yinkawu encinane ehlala kumahlathi ashinyeneyo akuMbindi nakuMzantsi Merika. Yimikhwa yemihla ngemihla kwaye ngokukodwa i-arboreal, kuba ikhetha amahlathi ashinyeneyo kufuphi namanzi. Kukho umahluko omkhulu kubunzima kunye nobukhulu phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zale nkawu. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngale nkawu inomdla, ndiyakumema ukuba uqhubeke ufunda.
I-Titi Monkey
I-marmoset monkey luhlobo lwenkawu yetropiki efumaneka kuMbindi nakuMzantsi Merika kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yinkawu epokothweni. I-Marmoset yinkonzo eqhelekileyo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemfene zaseMelika (i-platyrrhines), eziyinxalenye yosapho lweCallitrichidae.
I callitrichidae (Callitrichidae) zenza usapho lwe platyrrhine primates ezihlala kuMbindi noMzantsi Melika, eziquka malunga neentlobo ezingama-42 ezihlala zibizwa ngokuba ziimarmosets kunye neetamarin. (Callitrichinae) yosapho lweCebidae.Moya
Ukongeza ekubeni yenye yezona primates zaziwa kakhulu kwaye zixhaphake, zibonwa zikwazi ukuziqhelanisa notshintsho olubangelwa ngabantu kwindawo abahlala kuyo yendalo. I-marmoset monkey sisidalwa esinomdla omkhulu kwaye kulula ukujongana nayo. Namhlanje kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-40 zeenkawu ezincinci, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi-callitrichids okanye ezinye iintlobo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-tamarin.
Iimpawu zeTiti Monkey
Ubunzima beemarmosets buphakathi kwe-100 (C. pygmaea) kunye ne-800 grams (Loentopithecus), ngelixa ubude bomzimba wabo buphakathi kwe-13 (C. pygmaea) kunye ne-50 yeesentimitha (i-Leontopithecus) kwaye umsila wabo unabela malunga ne-15 okanye i-40 yeesentimitha. Zibonisa i-molars ezimbini kwicala ngalinye lomhlathi ophezulu (ngaphandle kweCallimico), kwelinye icala umsila wazo awukho prehensile kwaye zinezithupha ezichasayo.
Zizidalwa ezincinci, ezinoboya obuthambileyo, obusilika; ezinye iindidi zineenwele ezinde ezindlebeni nasezidleleni. Uboya bayo bunombala omnyama nomhlophe, intloko yayo ibonisa ukumila okungqukuva. Amazinyo eentlobo ngeentlobo zeenkawu ze<em>marmoset zinokukhulula amaxolo emithi, ngaloo ndlela afunxe incindi yawo. Banemikhwa ye-diurnal kwaye bavelele arboreal kunye neenzipho abanazo, endaweni yezikhonkwane, bavumele ukuba babambelele kumasebe emithi ngokugqibeleleyo.
Ii<em>marmosets zihlala kwimimandla yazo yaye zidla ngokufunyanwa ngokwamaqela amancinane abantu abamalunga ne-5 ukuya kwaba-6. La maqela akhusela indawo yawo, esoyika abangeneleli ngokukhala kunye nokuleqa okusongelayo. Ngamanye amaxesha amaqela eentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkawu adityaniswa. Ukuqeqesha kunye nokunxibelelana kunendawo eveleleyo kwintsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqela. Ngokuqhelekileyo babonwa ngababini behleli okanye besozela.
Ziyenye yeemfene ezimbalwa ezifumana ukuzalwa okuninzi, ngokuqhelekileyo amawele, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% yeentlobo ezifundiweyo. Ngokwahlukileyo kwiiprimates ezininzi, iinkunzi zidlala indima ebalaseleyo kukhathalelo lwabazali, maxa wambi nangaphezu kweemazi.
Amaqela eentsapho rhoqo abunjwa sisibini kunye nabantwana baso, abathi nabo babe yinxalenye yamaqela entsimi. Umama nguye ojongene nokukhuliswa nangona kweli qela kusenokubakho iintombi eziliqela ezisele zikhulile ezisele zikhulile. Bonke abo babumba iqela baboleka uncedo lwabo ekunyamekeleni abantu abatsha.
Ukutya
Ukutya kweenkawu ze<em>marmoset kubunjwe ngakumbi ziziqhamo, amagqabi, iintyatyambo, incindi, umngundo, incindi, i-latex, i-resin kunye nerabha phakathi kwezinye izinto zezityalo. Bakwathanda ukutya izinambuzane, amacilikishe, izigcawu, iinkumba, amasele emithi, amantshontsho, amaqanda entaka kunye nezilwanyana ezinethambo lomqolo. Ubuncinci i-15% yokutya kwabo kuvela kwimithi yeentsini.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona
Nangona iimazi zee<em>marmoset zinokukhwelana neenkunzi ezingaphezu kwenye, ukukhwelana kudla ngokuba nomfazi omnye, oko kukuthi, neqabane elinye, ubomi bonke. Ixesha layo lokumitha limalunga neenyanga ezi-5, kwaye imazi ihlala inenzala enye. Ikhonkco phakathi koyise kunye nenzala inamandla kakhulu, ekubeni nguye ojongene nomntwana, kwaye uthatha kuphela kunye nomama ngenjongo yokuncelisa okanye enye inkathalo. Amanye amalungu eqela losapho adla ngokuncedisa ekukhuliseni usana lwenkawu.
Kwiinyanga ezi-5, amantshontsho awasancanciswa kwaye akhula ngokupheleleyo xa engaphezulu konyaka ubudala. Emva kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3 bayahlukana kwiqela losapho ukuze bafumane iqabane. Ubomi bakhe bugqalwa njengeminyaka eyi-12.
Indawo yokuhlala yeNkawu iTiti
Amalungu entsapho afumaneka kuMbindi noMzantsi Merika (iColombia, iBolivia, iBrazil, iPeru neParaguay). Bangakwazi ukuphila emasimini, kumahlathi aselunxwemeni, kumahlathi aselunxwemeni lweAtlantiki afumileyo nakumahlathi anamahlathi ashinyeneyo.
ECosta Rica kwaziwa iindidi ezimbini zeentlobo okanye iintlanga. Eyona iphantsi kwesoyikiso esikhulu ibekwe kwiindawo zaseParrita, eQuepos nasePotrero Grande eBuenos Aires. Ezinye i-subspecies ifumaneka kumazantsi elizwe, ngokukodwa kwi-Osa. Kuqhelekile ukuzibona kwiPaki yeSizwe yaseManuel Antonio, eQuepos nakumahlathi akufuphi nePuerto Jiménez kwi-Osa Peninsula.
Indawo yayo ifumaneka kumahlathi apholileyo, ikakhulu kwindawo enamagqabi aphantsi. Ixesha labo elininzi balichithela ezincotsheni zemithi. Zihlala kumahlathi ashinyeneyo njengalawo akuMlambo iAmazon. Iindidi ezimbalwa kuphela, ezifana ne-Black Ashy Marmoset, zibonwa rhoqo kuphela eBrazil.
Iingozi ojongene nazo
Uninzi lweemarmosets zijongwa njengezilwanyana ezisesichengeni, ngakumbi ngenxa yokonakala kwendawo ezihlala kuzo. Esona sisongelo salo esikhulu kukuphanziswa kwehlathi, ekubeni linciphisa ummandla walo ukuze likwazi ukondla nokuzala. Ziintlobo ezinomdla kwabo bafuna ukuba nezilwanyana ekuthinjweni. Olu didi lukhuselwe koko kuchazwe kwiSihlomelo soku-I seNgqungquthela yokuRhweba ngeZilwanyana eziseMngciphekweni (CITES).
Ukwahlula
Ngokutsho kweRylands kunye neMittermeier (2009), i-callitrichids ibandakanya i-7 genera (Calibella, Cebuella, Callimico, Callithrix, Mico, Leontopithecus kunye neSaguinus) eyenziwe ngeentlobo ezingama-42. Ngo-2010, i-Mico rondoni yaqatshelwa njengentlobo, apho ithathwa njenge i-subspecies inxalenye ye-Mico emiliae Ngo-2014, kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-Mico manicorensis yayifana ne-Mico marcai.
Ngokutsho kukaGarbino kunye noMartins-Junior (2017), i-callitrichids ibandakanya i-genera Callithrix, i-Cebuella, i-Mico, i-Saguinus, i-Leontopithecus kunye ne-Callimico. Aba babhali, nabo, bahlulahlula i-genus ye-Saguinus kwi-subgenera emithathu: i-Saguinus, i-Leontocebus kunye ne-Tamarinus.
Iinkawu ze<em>marmoset zihlala zohlulwa zibe ngamaqela amahlanu ahlukeneyo: i<em>marmoset yokwenyani, i<em>tamarin (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi<em>moustached okanye i<em>pinchés marmoset), i<em>pygmy okanye i<em>marmoset encinci, ingonyama marmoset (ekwabizwa ngokuba yigolide okanye i<em>leonine marmoset ) kunye ne<em>tamarin yeGoldi, leyo isagcina iimolasi ezi-3 kwihemijaw nganye.
Iintlobo ze-Marmoset Monkey
I-marmoset yinkonzo eqhelekileyo yeeprimates zeplatyrrhine zosapho lwe-callitrichid ezifumaneka kuphela kuMbindi nakuMzantsi Melika. Nazi ezinye iinkcukacha zeentlobo zeenkawu ze-marmoset.
IMarmoset enentloko yomqhaphu
I-cotton-top tamarin (i-Saguinus oedipus) yaziwa nangokuthi i-tamarin enentloko emhlophe, i-tamarin enesikhumba esibomvu, okanye i-cottony tamarin, phakathi kwamanye amagama amaninzi. Esi silwanyana sihle siyinxalenye ye-genus Saguinus kwaye isasazwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseColombia.
Ubungakanani bayo buncinci, bubunzima obumalunga ne-500 grams, kwaye umzimba wayo kunye nomsila awude ufikelele kubude obuziisentimitha ezingama-37. Ukutya kwayo kukho izinambuzane, iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo, incindi kunye nencindi. Ihlelwa njengeyona meko inzima yolondolozo, nangona amanye amaziko aseColombia alwela ukugcina le marmoset emangalisayo, ukudala iindawo zokugcina amahlathi kunye neenkqubo zokulondoloza ezi ntlobo.
Uhlobo lweCebuella
I-pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea) yeyona incinci phakathi kweentlobo ezingama-42. Ngelishwa kuthi, iyanqwenelwa ngabarhwebi bezilwanyana zasekhaya ngenxa yobuhle bayo kunye nokuthozama kwayo. Le marmoset kuphela ummeli we-genus Cebuella. Ubungakanani bayo bu malunga ne-14 ukuya kwi-18 centimeters, apho yongezwa umsila ongekho-prehensile odlula ubude bomzimba. Ukutya kwabo kubandakanya incindi yezinye izityalo, iziqhamo kunye nezinambuzane. Ngamanye amaxesha ide itye namacikilishe.
Ibonisa idyasi enomtsalane kakhulu enamabala amnyama, amthubi kunye neethoni eziorenji. Intloko yakhe ihonjiswe ngohlobo lwe-bushy mane. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-lion tamarin. Ayikathathwa njengesongelwa okwangoku, nangona ukuncipha kwayo kubonakalisiwe. Ihlala kumantla eAmazon, equka ezi ntlanga zilandelayo: iColombia, i-Ecuador, iPeru, iBolivia kunye neBrazil.
Uhlobo lweCallimico
Inkawu kaGoeldi, ( Callimico goeldii ), nguye kuphela ummeli we-genus Callimico. Ihlala kwindawo elinganiselwe kakhulu ye-Amazon ePhezulu, kunye nemizekelo efumaneka eColombia, ePeru, eBolivia, e-Ecuador naseBrazil. Ubude bayo bumalunga neesentimitha ezingama-30 kunye nomsila wayo omde odlula ubude bomzimba wayo.
Ubunzima bayo buphakathi kwe-400 kunye ne-680 grams. Idyasi yayo ithambile kwaye ixinene kuwo wonke umzimba, ngaphandle kwesisu, esincinci kakhulu. Umbala wayo umnyama omenyezelayo. Ukutya kwabo kubandakanya incindi, incindi, izinambuzane kunye nomngundo. Isengozini, njengoko izingelwa ukuze igcinwe njengesilwanyana sasekhaya.
Uhlobo lweLentopithecus
Olu hlobo lwenziwe ngeentlobo ezi-4: i-pink lion tamarin; i-tamarin yengonyama enentloko yegolide; I-tamarin yengonyama emnyama kunye ne-tamarin yengonyama enobuso obumnyama. Zonke ezi ndidi zisengozini kakhulu. Ingonyama enobuso obumnyama itamarin (Leontopithecus caissara) ithathwa njengesengozini kakhulu. Ixhaphakile eBrazil kwaye umzimba wayo wonke ugqunywe yingubo yobhedu eshinyeneyo yegolide, ngaphandle kobuso bayo, umsila, iingalo nezandla, ezimnyama.
Uhlobo lweCallithrix
I-Genus Callithrix yenziwe ngeentlobo ezi-6: i-marmoset eqhelekileyo; i-tamarin enendlebe emnyama; ibrashi emnyama itamarin; i-tamarin enentloko-buff; itamarin enendlebe emhlophe kunye netamarin kaGeoffroy. Uninzi lwezi ntlobo zixhaphakile eBrazil, kwaye ziphantsi komngcipheko. I-Geoffroy's marmoset, (Callithrix geoffroyi), ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-marmoset enentloko emhlophe, yeyona marmoset ikhethwayo njengesilwanyana sasekhaya, kuba kukho iindawo ezizalela ezi ntlobo. Akukho phantsi kwesoyikiso.
Oludidi lukho eBrazil, ingakumbi kumasebe eMinas Gerais, eRio de Janeiro nase Espírito Santo. Ubude bayo bumalunga neesentimitha ezingama-24, apho kufuneka kongezwe umsila olinganisa kancinci kunobude bomzimba. Luhlobo olumangalisayo, kuba ingubo yalo inemithunzi eyahlukeneyo emnyama, engwevu, emhlophe kunye neorenji. Ubuso bakhe buhonjiswe ziinwele ezimhlophe kwaye iintsiba zigqamile ezindlebeni zakhe.
Uhlobo lweMico
I-genus Mico yenziwe ngeentlobo ezili-14: i-marmoset esiliva; imarmoset emhlophe; i-tamarin enomsila omnyama; Uphawu lweMarmoset; imarmoset kaSnentlange; i-tamarin enentloko emnyama; Manicore marmoset; I-Acari marmoset; itamarin eneentyantyambo; i-Aripuana marmoset; Rondon marmoset; igolide kunye nemarmoset emnyama; I-Maues tamarin kunye ne-tamarin enobuso obumhlophe.
I-marmoset esiliva (i-Mico Argentatus) iqokelela ngamaqela abantu aba-6 ukuya kwi-10. Kuphela yimazi elawulayo enelungelo lokuzala, njengoko ikhupha i-pheromone eyenza ukuba ezinye iimazi zingakwazi ukwenza i-ovulation. Ubude bayo bu malunga ne-18 ukuya kwi-28 centimeters kwaye ubunzima bayo buhluka ukusuka kwi-300 ukuya kwi-400 grams. Akukho phantsi kwesoyikiso. Ihlala kwintshona yeBrazil nakwimpuma yeBolivia. Ukutya kwabo kusekelwe kumaqanda, izinambuzane, iziqhamo, incindi kunye nezirhubuluzi.
IMarmoset enomsila omnyama
I-tamarin enomsila omnyama, (Mico melanurus) yinxalenye yohlobo lweMico. Yeyona isemazantsi kuzo zonke iimarmosets, kuba isasazwa kumazantsi eBrazil, iChaco yaseParaguay, nakwimpuma yeBolivia. Akukho phantsi kwesoyikiso. Ubude bayo bumalunga neesentimitha ezingama-22 kunye ne-25 yomsila wayo. Ubunzima bayo buphakathi kwama-380 grams. Inomqolo omdaka onamachokoza amhlophe emzimbeni, ocandelwe amacala omabini yimigca emhlophe. Umsila wayo ogqabhukileyo umnyama.
Uhlobo lweSaguinus
Olu hlobo lolona luninzi kakhulu phakathi kweetamarin, kuba lenziwe ngeentlobo ezili-15: i-tamarin enempandla; inkawu yobisi yomntwana; itamarin yasePanama; umlawuli tamarin; itamarin emarbled; i-tamarin enemilebe; i-marmoset engwevu; uMartins Tamarind; i-tamarin ene-mantled emhlophe; itamarin enezandla eziblond; i-tamarin ene-mustachioed; itamarin emnyama; itamarin enentamo emnyama; i-tamarin ye-cotton-top kunye ne-tamarin ene-golden-mantled.
I-emperor tamarin (i-Saguinus imperator) ihlala eBolivia, ePeruvia naseBrazil yaseAmazon. Amadevu akhe amakhulu awathiywa elo gama ngelo xesha, kuba ayekhumbula amadevu aqhelekileyo oMlawuli waseJamani uWilliam II. Umzimba wayo ufikelela kwiisentimitha ezingama-30, apho wongezwa umsila ongeyena-prehensile malunga neesentimitha ezingama-40. Eminye imizekelo ingaba nobunzima obufikelela kuma-500 grams. Ukutya kwabo kubandakanya incindi, iziqhamo, izinambuzane, izilwanyana ezinomqolo, amaqanda, iintyatyambo kunye namagqabi. Ayikho phantsi kwesongelo kwaye i-2 subspecies iyaziwa.
Amanye amanqaku anomdla ngala: