Inkawu yesigcawu sesinye sezona zilwanyana zikrelekrele kakhulu, ingqondo yayo inkulu kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nokwandiswa komzimba wayo, uphawu olusisiseko kwezi zilwanyana kukungabikho kobhontsi wayo, kunye nomsila wayo omde onokubamba ngawo izinto. iluncedo kakhulu kuye kubomi bakhe bemihla ngemihla, kuba isebenza njengengalo yesithathu. Ngezantsi uya kufunda yonke into malunga nale primate enomdla kunye neyodwa.
Isigcawu inkawu
Iinkawu zesigcawu zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziiprimates zelizwe elitsha, ezinemilenze emide kakhulu, ezivumela ukuba zijiwuze kwaye zihambe ngokulula phakathi kwemithi ekwiindawo ezihlala kuzo, kanye njengegcisa elingcono likatrapeze. Ezi primates ezithandekayo nezinomdla zifumana amagama amaninzi, ukongeza kwigama lazo, awona axhaphakileyo ngala: maquisapas, koatás, marimonos, marimondas, okanye atelos.
Izixhobo
Ezi nkawu zintle zezosapho lakwa-Atelidae. Ngokulandelayo, babizwa ngokuba zii-Ateles, eli gama libhekisa kukungabikho kwesithupha, linesihlomelo esingenamsebenzi kuphela. Kukho iintlobo ezisi-7 zeenkawu zesigcawu, ezithe saa kulo lonke elaseMelika, ezi zezi: Ateles paniscus (inkawu yesigcawu esimnyama), iAteles belzebuth (inkawu yesigcawu esiqhelekileyo), iAteles chamek (inkawu yesigcawu sasePeru), iAteles hybridus (imarimonda yemagdalena), I-Ateles marginatus (inkawu yesigcawu esimhlophe), i-Ateles fusciceps (inkawu yesigcawu esimnyama) kunye ne-Ateles geoffroyi (inkawu yesigcawu sikaGeoffroy)
Olu lwahlulo luvela kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi, ezisekelwe kwi-DNA yeenkawu endaweni yeempawu zoboya bazo. Ezi nkawu ziqhelekile zibhityile, nangona ezinkulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkawu New World. Ubude bobude bayo bunokuhamba phakathi kwe-33 - 66 centimeters. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inkawu yesigcawu esinentloko emnyama inobungakanani obuncinci, ubukhulu bayo bunokuba phakathi kwe-38.9 - 53.8 centimeters.
Iinkunzi zolu hlobo zikholisa ukuba nobunzima obufikelela kwi-11 yeekhilogram, ngelixa iimazi zifikelela kwi-9.89 yeekhilogram kuphela. Kuthethwa ukuba inkawu yesigcawu sikaGeoffroy yenye yezona zinkulu, kuba ziqhele ukulinganisa ubude obuphakathi kwama-33-63 eesentimitha kunye nobunzima obuziikhilogram ezili-9. Ubume bethambo lomzimba wezi nkawu bunomdla kakhulu. Zinomsila omde kakhulu osebenza njengengalo yesithathu, kwaye ungaphezulu kobude bomzimba wonke, xa zinokulinganisa ukuya kuma-89 cm, singasathethi ke ukuba amalungu abo ade kakhulu.
Lo msila ofanayo prehensile, oko kukuthi, bayakwazi ukuyilawula ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye bayisebenzise ukubamba kwaye bagxadazele, besebenzisa oku njengengqwalasela, kunokuthiwa ezi nkawu zesigcawu zinamalungu ama-5, umsila ngowona mde. Olona phawu lubalulekileyo kolu didi kukuba iminwe yabo inemilo egobileyo, njengozipho, kwaye ayinabo oobhontsi. Kananjalo iimpumlo zakhe ziqelelene kakhulu xa zithelekiswa nobuncinci bentloko yakhe.
Eyona nto imangalisayo malunga neemazi zolu hlobo kukuba zine-clitoris enkulu, enokwenza kube nzima ukwahlula phakathi kwezini zimbini. Idyasi yoboya bezi nkawu ingqindilili kwaye imnyama kakhulu ngombala, ihlala imnyama okanye imdaka ngebala. Kwiinguqu ezithile zolu hlobo, banokuba nesifuba sonke esimhlophe okanye beige, kwezinye, kukho amabala akhanyayo ahamba phezu kwemizimba yabo, kwiindawo ezinjengomsila, umva okanye phezulu kwentloko yazo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Elona khaya liphambili leenkawu zesigcawu yiMelika, ngakumbi phakathi kweMexico kunye neAmazon yaseBrazil, ngokucacileyo igubungela wonke uMbindi Merika nakumantla oMzantsi Melika. Ngokuqhelekileyo bahlala kumahlathi ashinyeneyo, kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba indawo yokuhlala yazo zonke iindidi zeenkawu ayifani. Umzekelo omkhulu yi-Ateles fusciceps ehlala ePanama, eKholombiya nase-Ecuador, bahlala bekhetha iindawo zokuhlala ezinobuncinci be-2.000 yeemitha ngaphezu kolwandle.
Kwelinye icala sinokujonga iAteles geoffroyi, ehlala ikakhulu eMexico, eHonduras, eBelize, eGuatemala, kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yoMbindi Merika naseKholombiya, ichuma ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nomphakamo wolwandle.
Ngoku, ngokukodwa, ukusasazwa kwezi nkawu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: I-Marimonda de la magdalena ihlala ikakhulu eVenezuela naseColombia; Inkawu yesigcawu esinobuso obumhlophe idla ngokuhlala kumahlathi aseBrazil; Inkawu yesigcawu esimnyama eSuriname naseFrench Guiana; I-monkey yesigcawu eqhelekileyo ePeru, eBrazil, eVenezuela, e-Ecuador naseColombia; ekugqibeleni i-Peruvian Spider Monkey ePeru, eBrazil naseBolivia.
Itya njani inkawu yeSigcawu?
Ezi primates ubukhulu becala zizilwanyana ezidla utyani, ukutya kwazo kuhlanganiswe phantse ngokupheleleyo ngamandongomane kunye neziqhamo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuncedisana nesakhiwo sokutya kwabo, batya ukutya okufana namagqabi, amaqanda entaka, kwaye xa ukutya kunqabile, banokutya izigcawu, izinambuzane, amaxolo omthi kunye nobusi. Ezi nkawu zigqalwa njengabasasazi abakhulu bembewu, ekubeni xa zisitya isiqhamo ziphinde ziginye imbewu, zize ziyikhuphe ilindle zazo zize zintshule emhlabeni.
Ukuziphatha
Ngenxa yobume bentlalo yabo, ezi nkawu zihlala zidibana ngokwamaqela angama-15 okanye ukuya kuma-25 amalungu, nangona eli nani linokukhula libe ngamalungu angama-40. Ubume bentlalo balo mhlambi buququzelelwe ngokwamaqela e-fission-fusion, oku kuthetha ukuba emini ezi nkawu zinokuhlukana ngokupheleleyo zibe ngamaqela amancinci ukuba zidle, kwaye ebusuku nazo zivame ukuhlukana kancinci ukuze zilale. Ezi primates, zizizilwanyana zasemini, zichitha ubusuku bonke zilele phezu kwemithi edla ngokufikelela kwiimitha ezili-15.
Indawo owabelwana ngayo lo mhlambi inokulinganisa phakathi kwe 90 kunye ne 250 yeehektare. Zijongene nesisongelo, ezi nkawu ziqalisa ukwenza izandi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezifana nokukhonkotha kwenja. Ngapha koko, ngale ndlela banxibelelana omnye nomnye, ngokukhula, ukukhala kunye nezandi ezahlukeneyo, nangokuma komzimba okwahlukileyo.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona
Zakuba ezi nkawu zifikisa, kwaye zikwamkele ngokwesondo, iimazi zizo ezithi zithe saa zisuka kwiqela ziye kuhlangana nenye, xa oku kwenziwe, yona ngokwayo iyayamkela indoda efuna ukukhwelana nayo. Yaye inkunzi nemazi zijoja amalungu esini ngaphambi kokuba zihlangane. Ukumitha komntwana ongekazalwa kungathatha ixesha eliphakathi kweentsuku ezingama-226 – 232, emva kokulinda kuza kuzalwa inzala enye.
Ixesha lokulinda phakathi kokuzalwa ngalunye linokuba neminyaka emine rhoqo, nangona inokuba mithathu kuphela, yanele ukuba inzala entsha ikhule ngokwaneleyo, ngokunyamekelwa ngumama wayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukukhula ngokwesondo kwezi nkawu zesigcawu kufikelela kwiminyaka emine okanye emihlanu kwaye zihlala zifikelela kwiminyaka engama-20.
Izoyikiso kunye noLondolozo lweZilwanyana
Ngelishwa, zonke iintlobo zeenkawu zesigcawu zihlala zisengozini. I-Ateles fusciceps isengozini enkulu yokuphela, inkawu yesigcawu esimnyama ikwimeko "esichengeni" kwaye okubuhlungu kukuba ezinye iinguqulelo zisengozini yokuphela. Konke oku kulandela idatha yoLuhlu oluBomvu lweManyano yaMazwe ngaMazwe yoLondolozo lweNdalo.
Iinkawu zesigcawu zihamba kwimeko enzima kakhulu, imeko leyo akwaziwa ukuba ziya kukwazi ukoyisa, ngenxa yesi sizathu ikamva labo aliqinisekanga ukuba zonke izoyikiso ezijongene nazo ziyaqhubeka ukwanda. Ezi zoyikiso zinye, ngaphezu kwako konke, kukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukugawulwa kwemithi kunye nokuzingela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ziye zizingelwa ukuze zisetyenziswe kuvavanyo lwenzululwazi nokufunda ngezifo ezinjengesifo seengcongconi.
Ezinye zezi nguqu zihlala kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo, eziqinisekisa ukusinda kwazo, kodwa oku akwanelanga kuluntu lonke lweenkawu zesigcawu, kuyimfuneko ukongeza amanyathelo amatsha ukuvuselela ulwazi oluhlangeneyo ngokubaluleka kwazo, kunye nokuhlangula kwabo njengeentlobo.
Ukuba ufuna ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho malunga neeprimates kunye nezilwanyana, musa ukuphuma ngaphandle kokuqala ukufunda la manqaku:
Izilwanyana ze-Vertebrate