Amaxesha eStellar oluntu, nguStefan Zweig yikhathalogu yeeperile zembali eyintsomi eshiya incasa entle kakhulu: ukubulawa kukaCicero, ukuphela koBukhosi bamaRoma aseMpuma, ukufunyanwa koLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, ukumitha kolwandle. UMesiya kaHäendel, i Marseillaise kunye Elegy yaseMarienbad, Ukoyiswa kokuqala kukaNapoleon, ukufunyanwa kwe-El Dorado, ukubulawa (okungeyiyo) UDostoevsky, unxibelelwano lokuqala lwe-telegraphic phakathi kwe-US kunye neYurophu, ukufunyanwa kwe-South Pole, ukubuya kukaLenin kwi-revolutionary Russia kwi-1917 kunye Eyokugqibela kodwa engancinananga, ilinge likaMongameli Wroodow Wilson elasilelayo lokuphumeza ulungelelwaniso olutsha lwehlabathi olusekelwe kuxolo oluhlala luhleli.
Ihlelwe kakuhle nguCliff (abanye abathi, njengembewu yePumpkin okanye Iincwadi zeKO, bazive beyithanda into abayenzayo kwaye ibonisa), le gem incinci eyapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1927 ludweliso lolonwabo "lwamaxesha okukhulelwa ngentshabalalo" egcwele ubugorha, amabhongo, kunye nethuba, apho uStefan Zweig (Vienna, 1881) ebonisa ukusebenza okungahleliwe "kweworkshop engaqondakaliyo kaThixo" eyimbali, (ithe goethe, apho, ngaphezu kokunikela isahluko, uZweig ucaphula kwintshayelelo).
Kulithuba lokuba wenze ngokuchanekileyo malunga nesihloko, kuba, xa ikhatshwa yiloo "miniatures yembali elishumi elinesine", le ncwadi inokubonakala ngathi yinto engeyiyo. Kungenzeka ukuba umntu ongaziyo umsebenzi kaZweig uthatha olu khetho lwamabali kwinto enje Izinto ezingama-365 ekufuneka uzazi okanye ngayo nayiphi na enye kwezo ncwadana sisimumu-friendly yolwazi olugxininisiweyo obelusefashonini iminyaka emininzi kakhulu kwiivenkile zethu zeencwadi (kutsha nje ndifumene enye enesihloko esithi 'Ukwazi ngeencwadi ezingafundwanga: kulula ukuthetha ngeencwadi ongazifundanga).
Iimpawu eziphambili zeZweig azikho into enjalo. Kwaye nangona imbali, i-biographies kunye nabanolwazi baye bahlambalaza umzobo wombhali wase-Austrian, bemtyhola ngokuba ngumbhali we ba thengisi (1927, khumbula), kunzima, ubundlobongela, ukulebhelisha incwadi exabiseke ngolo hlobo nenyameko ngolwimi, ukwakheka kunye nesingqisho sebali.
Incwadi ethi, ukuchaza kwindinyana into awaziva ngayo uDostoevsky xa egqunywe amehlo, imizuzwana ngaphambi kokuba adutyulwe, ikhupha "Emva koko babopha ubusuku emehlweni akhe", ngaloo ndlela, ngaphandle kwesilumkiso, phakathi kwembongo evuyisayo. inqaku lentlungu.
Incwadi enceda umfundi weli xesha ukuba aqonde iinqobo ezazilawulwa uluntu kumaxesha adlulileyo, ukwenza ukuba kukholeleke, umzekelo, ukuthanda kukaMarco Tulio Cicero ukwamkela ukungaphepheki kokubulawa kwakhe, uyilo oludabukisayo awayezigwebe ngalo. kwiminyaka eyadlulayo xa wayebeka ukubaluleka kwesidima nembeko yezenzo zakhe phambi kwemfezeko yakhe ngokwasemzimbeni.
Ukukhunjulwa, amagama okugqibela uCicero acamngca yedwa, amehlo akhe egxininise kwintsimi yakhe ngelixa ecinga ngokufika kwababulali abathunyelwe nguKesare: "Ndihlala ndiyazi ukuba ndandingafi".
Ndinqwenela ukuba namhlanje umthengisi ongcono kakhulu angasondela kule nto.
Ngaphandle kombongo kunye nomdlalo (zombini ezinikezelwe kubabhali baseRussia, ngengozi?), Kukho iindidi ezimbini zamabali kule ncwadi: ezo zexesha elizukileyo lobukhulu apho kuhlalutywa iseti yeemeko kunye nabalinganiswa ababangqongileyo; bakhuthazwa, njengokuba kunjalo ngofakelo oluxabisa imali eninzi lwentambo yocingo phakathi kweIreland neNew York; kwaye kwelinye icala, ezo zengozi ezincinci, i-minutiae, njengokuthatha i-Costantinople, umbulelo ophumeleleyo kwimpazamo ngexesha lohlaselo lokugqibela lomntu oshiye ucango oluncinci luvulekile ukufikelela esixekweni (loo lout inalo ibali ekufuneka libalise. ).
Eyona nto ibhetele kukufunyanwa kwePasifiki, apho sixelelwa indlela uNúñez de Balboa ayalela abahambi kunye naye ukuba bame endleleni ukuze amehlo abo kunye namehlo abo kuphela abe ngowokuqala kumntu omhlophe ukubona ingubo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye nenye. ezinikezelwe kwiGolide Rush, apho sifumanisa ubomi obubuhlungu besinye isilawuli esiphulukene nayo yonke into ebalulekileyo awayenayo ebomini, kuquka igolide, nangona wayengumnini osemthethweni wemihlaba eyayifumbethe obona butyebi bukhulu ehlabathini.
“Uyithiyile igolide, nto leyo emenze wahlwempuzeka, ebulale abantwana bakhe abathathu, nto leyo yatshabalalisa ubomi bakhe. Ufuna kuphela ukuba ubulungisa benziwe kwaye alwe nommangalelwa okhohlakeleyo we-monomaniac "
Ufunda imibhalo yedayari emnandi kaRobert F. Scott kunye neqela lakhe njengoko babesondela kwi-South Pole. Eli bali libonisa ngokugqibeleleyo umxube weemvakalelo ezixubeneyo ezidibana kuyo yonke le ncwadi..
Udaka lweemvakalelo eziphikisanayo neziphikisanayo (isitayile se-roller coaster, uvuyo lokuqala, emva koko ukuphoxeka, inkohliso-intlekele, njl.njl) uZweig uthatha ithuba lokuthethelela umngcelele wemigangatho yendalo yonke ebandakanya ibali lonke (umba ophikisanayo endiza kuphawula ngawo. ngoko nangoko) : Iqela labakhenkethi lijongene nomnqweno omkhulu namandla umceli mngeni wobomi babo. Njengoko besondela kusukelo lwabo, ukuphelelwa lithemba kuyakhula. Ukufunyaniswa ukuba omnye, uRoald Admunsen waseNorway, uhambile phambi kwabo ubabhangisa ngokuziphatha, ukuba bafe emva kweentsuku ngenye yeendlela ezimbi kakhulu: umkhenkce ngexesha lokubuyela ekhaya emva kokoyiswa.
“Kwaye zesibini, kuphela umahluko wenyanga kwithuba lezigidi zeenyanga. Imizuzwana phambi kobuntu apho eyokuqala iyinto yonke kwaye eyesibini ayiyonto”
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, iileta uScott, esazi ukuba isiphelo sakhe sisondele, azinikezela kwabo abathandayo kunye nezalamane zabadlali beqela lakhe, acele uxolo kubo. Nikelani ingqalelo kwinto ebhalwe nguScott kamsinya nje akuba efumanise ukuba wayengenguye owokuqala ukutyala iflegi kwilizwe elikude ngolo hlobo: “Ndiyoyika ukubuya.”
Oko kuthethiweyo, lixesha lezinto ezimbi. Ulwimi, oluzele bubungangamsha nobugorha, maxa wambi luba ngumthwalo, lugqithise. Umsebenzi omninzi kakhulu kumaphepha ambalwa, i-epic kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha umbhali utyhola ukwenza lula okugqithisileyo kokwenyani, ukuthumela amaxesha abonakala elula kunye nezigqibo ezinokufikelela okuninzi kwe-bravura kunye ne-epic. Yonke into ibalulekile kwaye iyintsomi.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi Marseillaise, sixelelwa ukuba iinjengele zotshaba “zibona ngoloyiko ukuba azinakumelana nokudubula komsindo walo mhobe woyikekayo, othi, njengesandi esihlokomayo nesingxolayo, uqaliswe ngokwazo.” Ngokwenene? Kwi-original, "iculo elibi" livela kumanqaku okucaphula, okucebisa ukuba, njengoko kunengqiqo, uZweig uye wasebenzisa zonke iintlobo zogcino lwembali kunye needayari zomntu ukubhala ingxelo yakhe. Ezi ziphumlisi zicokisekileyo nezingaguquguqukiyo zingqina isilumkiso emele iphathwe ngaso le ncwadi, ekubeni sijongana nembali esulungekileyo nenzima, ewe, kodwa icaciswa ngokutyebileyo nangokuthelekelelayo.
Ubungqina boku lulwimi oluneenkcukacha ezigqithisileyo oluhlala lusenziwa, luthwele i-epithets yokuthembeka okungathandabuzekiyo. Ewe kunjalo U-Ernest Hemingway wagxekwa ngokukwazi ukukhumbula ukuba yeyiphi iwayini eyayiselwa apho kwithaveni kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu phambi kokubhalwa kwencwadi yakhe. IParis yayiliqela, apha kufanelekile ukuqwalasela indlela ekunokwenzeka ngayo ukuba uZweig athethe ngokuqiniseka ukuba ngo-Agasti 21, 1741, uHäendel, ekruqukile, wazihlekisa ngokukhupha amaqamza esepha ngefestile yakhe (emini, khumbula) okanye ngoMatshi 15. , ngowe-1917, uManejala wethala leencwadi laseZurich “wayebhidekile” xa, ngentsimbi yeshumi kusasa, oyena mthengi uthembekileyo, uLenin, wayengekahlali phantsi kwikona yakhe yokufunda njengoko wayeqhele ukwenza ngoqeqesho lwemihla ngemihla. . Kukho amaxesha amaninzi apho lo mnqweno wokuhombisa ubunyani ubonakala kakhulu.
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, siyamxolela.
Iya kuba yile nto wayishiya ibhaliwe UAgustin Fernandez Mallo kwikholamu ye-El Cultural endingakwaziyo ukuyifumana ngoku, ukuba "kwi-Western aesthetic canon, i-fiction ibonakala ilungile kuthi xa ifana nenyani kunye nenyani, xa ifana ne-fiction" kwaye le nto ayikho enye into okanye enye. okanye iya kuba njalo Amaxesha eStellar oluntuNgapha koko, yeyona nto ithengiswa kakhulu. Umfundi uthatha isigqibo.
UStefan Zweig, iStellar Moments of Humanity
The Cliff, Barcelona 2002 (yapapashwa ngowe-1927)
Inguqulelo: Berta Vías Mahou
306 amaphepha, 19 euro