Umahluko phakathi kweMitosis kunye neMeiosis

Kwihlabathi lemfuza, iinkqubo ezimbini ezibaluleke kakhulu zivela ngaphakathi kokusebenza okuchanekileyo kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, sithetha nge-mitosis kunye ne-meiosis.. Zombini iinkqubo zibe yinto yokufunda kunye nokuhlalutya iminyaka emininzi ngabaqeqeshi kwicandelo njengendlela yokuqonda ngcono ukuveliswa kweeseli. Kukho iikhonsepthi ezininzi kunye nenkqubo eyahlula phakathi kwe-mitosis kunye ne-meiosis.

Zombini iikhonsepthi ziindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo okanye iinkqubo zokwahlulahlulwa kweeseli. Ngombulelo kwizifundo ezininzi kunye nemifanekiso emincinci yezigaba ezahlukeneyo eziqokelelwe kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo zofuzo, ngoku kulula kakhulu ukufikelela kulwazi lwezi nkqubo zebhayoloji. Njengoko ufunda le mpapasho, uya kufumanisa umahluko phakathi kwamagama omabini.

Ngexesha lomjikelo weeseli, iiseli ze-eukaryotic zifumana utshintsho oluthile olukhokelela ekubeni zenze iiseli ezintsha. Konke oku kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweseli, olunokwahlulwa yinkqubo ye-mitosis okanye i-meiosis. Asiyi kubona nje kolu papasho iiyantlukwano zabo eziphambili, kodwa siya kucacisa kwakhona ukuba inkqubo nganye iqulathe ntoni na kwaye zeziphi izigaba zazo.

Yintoni i-mitosis; inkcazelo kunye nezigaba

Eli gama liqondwa ukuba inkqubo yebhayoloji yokwahlulahlulwa kweeseli edityaniswe kulwahlulo lweseli ye-somatic. Olu hlobo lweeseli ze-eukaryotic organism zezo zingayi kuhamba kwinkqubo yokuba ziiseli zesini. I-Mitosis iphumela kwiiseli ezimbini ezifanayo ngokupheleleyo.

Izinto eziphilayo enkosi kule nkqubo, ziqinisekisa ukuphila kwabo ngenxa yokukhula kakuhle kunye nokugcinwa kweeseli zabo. Le nkqubo ye-cellular mitosis yenzeka kwizilwanyana kunye nakwizityalo, ifungi okanye i-microorganisms.

I-Mitosis yinkqubo yeselula eqhubekayo apho ezi zigaba zilandelayo zenzeke, esibonisa kwaye sichaze ngezantsi.

• Interface
• Iprophase
• Imetaphase
• Anaphase
• I-Telophase

Eyona njongo ye-mitosis kukufumana iiseli ezimbini ezifanayo ezinolwazi olufanayo lwemfuzo.. Olu lwazi kufuneka lufane ne-stem cell kunye naphakathi kwabo. Ngoko ke, i-mitosis iqondwa njengenkqubo yokuveliswa kwe-asexual, apho kuphela i-stem cell cell ithatha inxaxheba.

Izigaba zenkqubo ye-mitosis

Kweli candelo, siza kubona nganye fii-aces ze-mitosis esizichaze kwinqaku elidlulileyo ukuqonda ngcono le nkqubo.

Interface

Esi sigaba sokuqala ixesha elidlulayo phakathi kwemitosis ezimbini okanye izahlulo zenucleus yeseli. Ngexesha lesi sigaba, ukuphindwa kwenani leechromosomes, iDNA, kwenzeka. Umsonto ngamnye weDNA wenza ikopi echanekileyo yowokuqala. Eyona njongo yale nkqubo yokukhuphela kukuba iseli nganye entsha inomlinganiselo wemfuza olinganayo nowokuqala.

Iprophase

Kweli nqanaba lesibini, imicu ye-DNA ebesithetha ngayo kujongano, imile kwaye ijiya, kwinto esiyibiza ngokuba yichromosome.. I-centrioles ebekwe kwiseli, ibekwe kumacala ahlukeneyo kwaye inkqubo iqala apho iifilaments ezibhityileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-mitotic spindle zenziwe.

Imetaphase

Le micu emihle besithetha ngayo, ibambelela kummandla wechromosome onoxanduva lokunceda iseli kulwahlulo lweDNA. Nganye kwezi zilungelelaniswe kwi-ikhweyitha yeselula, nganye kuzo incamathele kwikopi yayo.

Anaphase

Izibini zeChromosome ziyahlula kwaye zihambe ziye kwiipali ezichaseneyo zeseli, intombi nganye ifumana ikopi enye yechromosome nganye. Kwesi sigaba, iichromosomes zifikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokujiya.

I-Telophase

Kweli nqanaba lokugqibela, Iinwebu ezintsha ziqalisa ukumila zijikeleze iichromosomes kwipali nganye yeseli. Ezi ziya kusasazeka kwaye zinciphe, kancinci kancinci ziya kuyeka ukubonakala phantsi kwe-microscope.

Yintoni i-meiosis; inkcazelo kunye nezigaba

I-Meiosis yile inkqubo yokwahlulwa kweeseli ezikhokelela kwiiseli ezine zentombi. Oko kukuthi, yinkqubo yokwahlulahlula kweeseli, yeseli ye-diploid kunye ne-haploids ezine zifumaneka kuyo. Isiphumo sakho konke oku ziiseli zesini, isidoda emadodeni kunye namaqanda kwabasetyhini.

izigaba ze-meiosis

Njengakwinkqubo ye-mitosis, I-meiosis iphinda yenzeke uluhlu lwezigaba ngokubhekiselele kulwahlulo lweeseli. Ezi zigaba zezona uya kuzibona ngokulandelayo kwaye siya kuzichaza kamva.

• Meiosis II
  • Iprophase I
  • Metaphase I
  • Anaphase I
  • Telophase I
• meiosis II
  • Isigaba II
  • I-Metaphase II
  • Anaphase II
  • I-Telophase II

Izahlulo ezimbini zenyukliya zenzeka, izigaba njengoko ukwazile ukuziqwalasela zinegama elifanayo nezigaba ezibonwe ngaphambili kwi-mitosis.

Meiosis II

Ngexesha lolwahlulo lokuqala lwe-meiotic, iichromosomes zibonakalisiwe, nganye kuzo yenziwe ngeechromatics ezimbini.

• Iprophase I: Kweli nqanaba lokuqala, i-chromosomes ye-homologous inxulumene kwaye itshintshiselana ngemathiriyeli yemfuzo.
• Metaphase I: Iikhromozomi ezilinganayo zikwiikhweyitha yeseli ngokulinganayo kumgca wentelekelelo. Ngoko ke, kwinqanaba elilandelayo, ngamnye uhamba emacaleni eseli.
• Anaphase I: Ngethuba lesi sigaba sesithathu se-meiosis I, iichromosomes ezifakwe kwi-mitotic spindle ziyahlukana ngokufanayo kwaye zihamba de zibe zibekwe njengoko kubonisiwe kwisigaba sangaphambili, ukuya kwenye yezibonda ezimbini zeseli.
• Telophase I: Amaqela eechromosome zehaploid akhiwa kumacala omabini eseli yoomama, apho kukho ikhromozomu enye yohlobo ngalunye. Iichromosomes ziyasasazeka, kwaye ziqala ukuhlengahlengiswa kwakhona yimvulophu yenyukliya.

meiosis II

Kweli candelo lesibini, akukho kuphinda-phindwa kofuzo. IiChromosomes zenziwe ngeechromatids ezimbini, ezihamba kwi-ikhweyitha kwaye zincamathele kwimitotic spindle. Iichromatids ezimbini ezinechromosome nganye ziyahlukana kwaye zibekwe kwiipali.

• Isigaba II: Kwakhona, i-chromatin iyajiya kwaye imvulophu yenyukliya iyanyamalala.
• I-Metaphase II: Iichromosome zilungelelaniswe kumgca ukuze ikhromatidi nganye ijonge kwipali nganye yeseli.
• Anaphase II: Udade we-chromatids uyahlukana kwaye ahambe kwiipali zeseli.
• Theophase II: Kweli nqanaba, i-chromosomes ine-chromatid enye kuphela kwaye ibekwe kwizibonda zeseli, apho iqala ukulungelelanisa imvulophu ejikeleze ngamnye wabo.

Ekupheleni kwale nkqubo yolwahlulo lwesibini, isiphumo sokufumana iiseli ezine ze-haploid kufuneka ziveliswe, apho nganye inesiqingatha semathiriyeli yemfuza.

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kweMeiosis kunye neMitosis

Sakuba siyazi ukuba zombini ezi nkqubo ziqulathe ntoni, siye sakwazi ukufumanisa umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwala magama mabini. Okulandelayo, Siza kungena nzulu kulo mbandela size sibonise ngendlela ecacileyo ukuba zahluke njani.

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweenkqubo ezimbini unqunywe ngumsebenzi owenziwe ngumntu ngamnye kubo.. Kwi-mitosis, ukwahlukana kwe-nucleus yayo nayiphi na iseli yezinto eziphilayo, ngelixa inkqubo ye-meiosis, iqhutyelwa ngokukodwa ngeeseli ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokuzala.

Omnye umahluko ophambili phakathi kwala magama mabini luhlobo lweseli, inani kunye nodidi lwechromosome okanye imathiriyeli yemfuza, apho nganye yezi nkqubo isebenza ngayo.. Kwi-mitosis, inkqubo yeyexesha elifutshane apho iiseli ze-haploid ezineechromosome ezingasebenziyo zibandakanyeka. Kwi-meiosis, inkqubo inde kwaye ibandakanya iiseli ze-diploid kwaye kule meko, i-chromosomes edibeneyo.

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe, ukuba Isigaba se-mitosis sihamba kuphela kwisahlulo esinye, ngelixa kwi-meiosis izigaba ezibini ziyimfuneko ulwahlulo lweeseli, ngoko sinokuqaqambisa omnye umahluko phakathi kwezi nkqubo zimbini.

Okokugqibela yitsho Kukwakho umahluko kwisiphumo senkqubo nganye.. Kwimitosis emva kolwahlulo lweeseli, iiseli ezimbini zeentombi ezifanayo ngokupheleleyo ngokwemfuza zifunyanwa ngenxa yoko. Kwi-meiosis, emva kwezigaba ezibini zokwahlula, iseli yokuqala iphumela kwiiseli ezine zesini, nganye inesiqingatha senani leechromosome njengeseli yokuqala. Ezi seli zine zintsha zineenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zemfuza.

Sikushiyela itheyibhile engezantsi eshwankathela ezona ndawo zibalulekileyo esizibonileyo kulo lonke olu papasho kwiinkqubo ze-mitosis kunye ne-meiosis.

IMITOSIS	MEIOSIS
uhlobo lwe-asexual reproduction	uhlobo lokuzala ngokwesondo
ivela kwiiseli zesomatic	iqala iiseli zesini
Ivelisa iiseli ezimbini ze-diploid	Ivelisa iiseli ezine ze-haploid
Iziphumo zeeseli ezifanayo ngokwemfuza	Isiphumo seeseli ezahlukeneyo ngokwemfuza
Ukwahlulwa kwenucleus	Izahlulo ezibini zenucleus
Ayizisi ukwahluka kofuzo	Yazisa ukwahluka kofuzo
inkqubo emfutshane	eyona nkqubo inde

Siyathemba ukuba olu shicilelo, apho siye sachaza ngokuthe ngcembe iinkqubo ze-mitosis kunye ne-meiosis kunye nokwahlukana kwazo okuphambili, kuya kukunceda ukuba uqonde kakuhle ukuba yintoni na le nto.

Okulandelayo, ukuba unomdla kolu hlobo lwenqaku, sikushiya apha enye apho sithetha ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo eseli yezilwanyana kunye nemisebenzi yayo ephambili.