Kwintsomi yamaGrike, kukho izigidi zamabali amangalisayo anabalinganiswa abanobuchule obugqithisileyo. Ama-Amazons enza isangqa esivaliweyo sabasetyhini abalwela ukukhusela amazwe abo, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintsomi, le nto ingaba yinyani. Siyakumema ukuba ufunde eli nqaku malunga intsomi yeamazons, ukuze ufunde yonke into oyifunayo ukuze ukwazi malunga nabo kunye nefuthe labo kwinkcubeko.
Makhe sithethe ngentsomi yeeAmazons
Ngokwentsomi yamandulo, ngokukodwa isiGrike, ama-Amazons yayiluluntu, olwenziwe ngamagorha amabhinqa kuphela, ukusuka kwisiGrike samandulo: ᾽Αμαζόνες, linye Ἀμαζών [Amazōn]. Aba bafazi babephawuleka ngobuhle babo kunye nobuchule babo bokulwa.
Babephatha izixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye baqeqeshwa kwasebancinane. Kwinkcubeko yamaGrike, ama-Amazons ayenye yeentshaba zamaGrike. Ngamanye amazwi, ezininzi iintsomi ezikhoyo zichaza ukuba ama-Amazons ahlala elwa namaqhawe ahlukeneyo aseGrike, abenza babonakale njengabalinganiswa ababi.
Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba oku kwakungenjalo. Ama-Amazons ayengumkhosi owawunomsebenzi omnye, ukukhusela abantu babo. Enye yezona zinto zinomdla kakhulu kwi-Amazons, yayikukudalwa koluntu lwabasetyhini, kuninzi, le ngcamango yayinomdla.
Inkolelo yama-Amazons kwisithethe esibhaliweyo
Umbhali-mbali ongumGrike uHerodotus, owabeka ummandla apho le dolophu yayimi kufuphi nommandla womda weScythia eSarmatia, nangona, emva koko, yayiseAsia Minor. Ubunyani beAmazons bubhideka kakhulu, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintsomi zakudala, ubukho bamaAmazons bubuzwa.
Nangona ngokuqhelekileyo sizazi iintsomi kunye neentsomi njengamabali amnandi azalwa kwingcamango yomntu, intsomi yama-Amazons inobungqina bokwenyani. Kwimimandla yase-Eurasian, kwakukho izizwe ezininzi ezabhala indlela abafazi ababeyingxenye yomkhosi kunye nokuba. Babejongene nokukhusela indawo ababekuyo ukuba amadoda asemfazweni.
Ngombulelo kwizinto ezininzi ezifunyenwe kwizinto zakudala, amangcwaba aba baphambukeli afunyenwe. Siyakumema ukuba ufunde amanye amanqaku afana neli kwibhlog yethu, sincoma ukuba ufunde Iintsomi kunye neentsomi.
intsomi yamaGrike kunye nentsomi Amazons
Kukho iintsomi ezahlukeneyo malunga nama-Amazons, ahluke kancinci kumabali esiwaziyo namhlanje kwihlabathi lobugcisa. Kwintsomi yamaGrike, iiAmazons ziyimveliso yomanyano lothixo wemfazwe uAres kunye nenymph egama linguHarmonia.
Ngaloo ngcamango, amaGrike ayekholelwa ukuba amaAmazons ahlala eTerma, ummandla woLwandle Olufileyo eTurkey. Idolophu yakhe, yayikufuphi nonxweme lolwandle, le ndawo yayibizwa ngokuba yiPonto Eucino. Babenobukhosi be-monarchy, kwaboniswa ukuba ukumkanikazi wama-Amazons nguHippolyta, abantu. Ngapha koko, yayibunjwe kumanyano lwezixeko ezininzi, kuquka iSmirna, iEfese, iSinope nePafo.
Umdlali we-playwright u-Aeschylus wachaza ukuba ama-Amazons ahlala e-Scythia kodwa ngaphezu kweminyaka, baba liqela elihambahambayo elaphela lihlala e-Themyscyra. UHerodotus wababiza IiAndochtones, nto leyo ngokusisiseko eyayithetha ababulali abangamadoda. Oku kwakubangelwa kukuba intlalo yabo yayibunjwe ngabafazi bonke yaye kwakusithiwa bayawacaphukela amadoda, ngoko ayesoloko esilwa nawo.
Homer kunye nentsomi yeAmazons
Lathi elo gama libe yi<em>Iliad kaHomer anti umsindo (abo balwa njengamadoda) bebonisa into yokuba ama-Amazons aqeqeshwa ukusuka ebutsheni ukuba alwe kwiimfazwe. Oko kukuthi, njengamajoni, isikhundla, ngokutsho kwamaGrike, ngokwesithethe samadoda.
Kubantu abaninzi, ubukho beAmazons bubuzwa ngento elula yokuba luluntu olwenziwe ngabasetyhini. Noko ke, kwakungekho ndlela yokuvelisa, iintsomi ezininzi zichaza ukuba nangona amadoda ayengavunyelwa ukuba angene kuloo lali. Ama-Amazons ahamba iikhilomitha ezininzi ukuya eGargaros, apho babenobudlelwane bezesondo ukuze balondoloze uhlanga lwabo.
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda amanqaku amaninzi anje, sincoma ukuba ufunde Ibali lee Mermaids kuluhlu lwethu lweentsomi kunye namabali.
Ama-Amazons awazange ahlale kwesi sizwe, xa ekhulelwe, abuyela kwisixeko sawo. Abantwana abangamakhwenkwe bala magorha babehlelwa ngamashwa ahlukahlukeneyo, babenokuthunyelwa kooyise, belahlwe kwikamva labo okanye batyhaphazwe baze bahlulwe amalungu omzimba ukuze bakhonze njengabakhonzi. Ama-Amazons agcina amantombazana akhuliswa ngabazali babo, imfundo yabo yayisekelwe kubugcisa bemfazwe, umsebenzi wezandla, ukuzingela kunye nokulwa.
Amaqhawe amaGrike vs intsomi yeamazons
Ngaphakathi kwezona ntsomi zaziwa kakhulu zamaGrike zamaAmazons, sifumanisa ukuba amaqhawe uHeracles, Bellerophon kunye noAchilles babenendibano apho kwakufuneka bajongane namaAmazons. Kwanothixo uDionysus wayebandakanyeka kwezinye zezi ziganeko. UHeracles, ngokukodwa, wazifumana ebandakanyeka kwenye yezona ziganeko zikhulu zexesha lamaGrike.
Wayethunywe ukuba afumane kwaye abambe ibhanti ye-Amazon queen Hippolyta, lo msebenzi wamiselwa ngu-Eurystheus. Ukwenza lo msebenzi, wacela uncedo kumhlobo wakhe uTheseus, ogqiba ngokuxhwila iNkosazana uAntiope, udade kaHippolyta. Oku kuqweqwediswa kuneziphumo ezibi, kuba kwavela uhlaselo lwase-Attica ukuziphindezela ngento eyenziwe nguLeus.
Kukho iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zento eyenzekayo emva koko, njengoko abanye bechaza ukuba uTheseus ugqiba ukutshata noHippolyta ngokunceda uHeracles. Ngelixa abanye beqinisekisa ukuba oku akunakuze kwenzeke kwaye uAntiope, umfazi wakhe, wafa ngexesha lohlaselo. AmaGrike ayekholelwa ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba amaAmazons ayebekek’ ityala yaye ayengumfuziselo wamashwa.
AmaGrike kunye nentiyo yabo kwiAmazons
Nangona kuyinyani ukuba namhlanje siyayixabisa imbali yama-Amazons ngoko bakuko, amagorha akhaliphileyo awayekhusela amandla awo, intiyo yamaGrike ngakula mabhinqa icace gca kuzo zonke iintsomi ezibaliswayo kwimbali.
Ama-Amazons abonwa njengotshaba okanye nokuba, ukuba ibali lalingekho nzima kakhulu, babonwa njengolunye uhlobo lomchasi. Abazange bafune ngokukhethekileyo ukuqubisana namaGrike kodwa ukuba kwakusenzeka oko, babekulungele ukubabulala. Iintsomi zamaGrike zibalaselisa amabali amaninzi apho kwakukho uhlaselo lwasemkhosini olukhokelwa ngokupheleleyo ngamaAmazons.
Iimpawu zeAmazon
Babenolwazi oluphezulu ngobugcisa bemfazwe, bephethe izixhobo ezininzi kwaye babenobukrelekrele obunomona. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nangona inzondo efihliweyo yamaGrike kuma-Amazons, bagxininisa kakhulu ubuhle babo. Umde, unamandla, kunye nesikhumba esimhlophe kunye neenwele ezimnyama, ama-Amazons ayephelele. Ekuphela kwesiphako sakhe yayikukunxanelwa kwakhe impixano, imfuneko yakhe yokulwa yazisa ingxaki kubantu baseGrike ababeqhelene ngakumbi ne-pacifism.
Kangangezihlandlo ezininzi, kukhankanywa ukuba amaAmazon ayenolwalamano nothixokazi uArtemis, oku kubangelwa ngakumbi sisibakala sokuba ayemnqula kunento yokuba wayenento yokwenza nendalo yakhe. Abaphumi-mkhosi bacela ukukhuselwa lo thixokazi, ekubeni enguthixokazi wokuzingela, ama-Amazon aziva enxulumene naye.
amazons adumileyo
Xa sithetha ngama-Amazons, senza ireferensi epheleleyo kubantu abenze lo mbutho, nangona kunjalo, kwakukho ama-Amazon amaninzi adumileyo kwimbali. Iintsomi zibalisa amabali abo kwaye bakwazi ukuhlala bephila ukutyhubela iminyaka.
IPentesilea
Phakathi kwama-Amazons adumileyo sinokufumana iPenthesilea, iqhawe elinamandla elaziwa ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwiMfazwe yeTrojan, ekhusela isixeko ngesibindi esikhulu. Amabali amadabi abo ayemonelwa ngawo onke amagorha ehlabathini lonke, ngelishwa, uPenthesilea wafumana isiphelo esikhohlakeleyo, njengoko wabulawa nguAchilles.
Hippolyta
Omnye umzekelo esinokuwufumana nguHippolyta, ukumkanikazi waseAmazons. UHippolyta wayengudade wasePenthesilea kwaye wayesaziwa ngokunxiba ibhanti lomlingo elalimnika ithuba lokugqitha amanye amajoni. Lo mlo walwa nabalinganiswa abahlukeneyo abavela kwiintsomi zamaGrike, ukusuka eBellerophon, owayephethe iPegasus, ukuya kuHercules, owazama ukuba ibhanti lakhe lomlingo.
U-Hippolyta ufela ezandleni zikaHercules xa bejongene edabini. Kwelinye icala, sinako ukuba njengabantu, ama-Amazons nawo alwa kwiimfazwe ezimangalisayo, eyona nto yaziwayo yileyo yayikhokela ngokuchasene neAthene, le mfazwe yayiyimpindezelo, uKumkani uLeusus wayethimbe inkosazana uAntiope, udade waseHippolyta, ama-Amazons atyhola idolophu engalindelekanga.
Unokufunda amanqaku angaphezulu njengale kwibhlog yethu, siyakumema ukuba ufunde Iintsomi kunye neentsomi zaseMexico kudidi lweentsomi namabali
ihlelo lobugorha
Nangona ngelo xesha, babonwa njengezinto ezimbi, ama-Amazons ahlonishwa emva kokunyamalala kwawo. Ngokutsho kwemithombo eyahlukahlukeneyo yamandulo, amangcwaba aba majoni angamabhinqa ayenokufunyanwa ngokulula kulo lonke ilizwe elalisaziwa ngokuba lilizwe lamaGrike.
Uninzi lwazo lwafunyanwa eMegara, eAthene, eChaeronea, eCalsis, eScotusa naseCynoscephalae. Emva kokunyamalala okanye ukuphela kohlanga lwawo, kwaphakanyiswa imifanekiso eqingqiweyo eliqela ukuze kunqulwe la mabhinqa kulo lonke elaseGrisi unqulo lobugorha.
Kokubini eChalcis naseAthene, kwakukho iindawo ezibizwa amazonum, ezaziziitempile apho isibingelelo samaAmazons sadalwa saza sanqulwa khona. Amagqiyazana elo xesha ayesenza amasiko apho ayexhentsa ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo esenza isangqa. Lo mdaniso wawuyilwe nguHipólita noodadewabo.
AmaAmazons kubugcisa
Kwinkcubeko yethu yanamhlanje, kulula kakhulu ukufumana iireferensi zobugcisa kwiiAmazons, ngakumbi kumabonwakude nakwimuvi. Nangona kunjalo, ezi sampuli zobugcisa zazalwa kubugcisa bamaGrike bexesha le-archaic. Uninzi lweencwadi zelo xesha zazimela iintsomi neentsomi zamaGrike.
Ngemisebenzi yobugcisa, unokubona indlela ukulwa phakathi kwama-Amazons kunye namaGrike ahlala esemgangathweni, oko kukuthi, nangona bepeyintwe njengotshaba. Ubuncinane, kangangethuba elithile, kwagxininiswa ngokubanzi ukuba ayenamandla okanye anobuchule ngakumbi kunamagorha amaGrike ngokwawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuguquka kobugcisa kubonise isango lokukholelwa ukuba ama-Amazons akhona. Oku kubangelwa kukuba zaguqulwa zabonakala zingabantu ngaphezu kweentsomi ezixeliweyo, zibasondeza kumntu oqhelekileyo.
Indawo yeAmazons kwiimyuziyam zangoku
Ukukhangela okuncinci kwimiboniso yobugcisa ekhoyo kubonisa indlela ama-Amazons abonakaliswe ngayo kunye neempawu zabo eziphambili kunye nezinto, kwakungekho ngcamango eninzi. Bephethe umfanekiso wamagorha, baboniswa ngezixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuzingela nemfazwe, bebonisa indlela ababenamandla ngayo abafazi.
AmaAmazon ayenqula uArtemis, uthixokazi wokuzingela, ngoko umfanekiso wawo watshintsha kancinane ukuze usondele kumfuziselo owawusele ukho walo thixokazi. Ngesambatho esihle esasidityaniswe kwindawo ephezulu yomzimba, ama-Amazons alahlekelwa yincinci yaloo nto inqabileyo kunye nendoda eyayibonakalisa kakhulu.
Okwangoku, kwiMyuziyam yaseBrithani, kukho umboniso wobugcisa, apho i-reliefs evela kwifrieze yetempile ka-Apollo e-Basas kunye nezinye izinto zakudala zexesha ziboniswa, apho zombini umfanekiso we-artemis kunye nomfanekiso wama-Amazons unokubonwa.
Unokufunda amanqaku amaninzi njengale kwibhlog yethu, sincoma ukufunda Intsomi yePersephone kudidi lweentsomi namabali.
Bathini ababhali-mbali ngamagorha?
Ngokubanzi, ababhali-mbali benkcubeko yamaGrike okanye yesiLatini bavuma ubukho bama-Amazons kwaye bababandakanya kumabali abo amaninzi.
UHerodotus wayengumbhali-mbali wokuqala owazinikela ekuthetheni nasekuchazeni amajoni, oku wakwenza kwincwadi yakhe ethi Histories. Apho uchaza imbali yeAmazons ngokwahlukileyo kancinci kwinto esiyaziyo namhlanje. Kuyo wachaza ukuba yayiliqela leembacu elazama ukuwela iChibi iMeotida ibe kamva lakwazi ukufikelela eScythia, lisenza lo mmandla libe likhaya labo.
I-Sticia yayiyingingqi eyaziwa ngamawa ayo, nto leyo eyavumela eli qela lihamba-hambayo labasetyhini ukuba lizimele kwezinye iindawo. Bamkela ubomi obuzinikezele ekuzingeleni, ukuloba kunye nokuphanga, isixeko sase-Esticia sasingenamntu, enyanisweni, kwakukho abemi abaninzi abangenakukwazi ukumelana nohlaselo oluqhubekayo.
Okungakumbi ngoHerodotus kunye nentsomi yaseAmazon
AmaAmazons avuma ukutshata nabafana baloo dolophu, ukuba nje babenokugcina ubomi babo ngendlela efanayo. Ngokudityaniswa nebutho labantu, inani labaphumi-mkhosi lakhula, amasiko awo afundiswa kwinzala yawo yaye ngokuthe ngcembe, elo qela loonothwal’ impahlana laba koko ngoku kwaziwa ngokuba ngamaAmazon. UHerodotus wachaza ezi zizathu zilandelayo zokuba amaAmazons agcine amasiko nobomi bawo:
“Kuthi (ama-Amazons) akunakwenzeka ukuba sihlale phakathi kwabafazi babo, bakhuliswe ngendlela esingayiqondiyo, ngelixa bafundiswa imisebenzi yasekhaya, ukunakekelwa kwentsapho kunye nokuba msulwa kunye nentlonipho, thina basifundisa ukuba. sizingela ukutya kwethu, ukusebenzisa izixhobo, ukukhusela abamsulwa, nokukhwela amahashe. Izakhono abanazo asizihoyi kunye nento esiyenzayo, bacinga ukuba iyaphambana "
Ngakumbi kwintsomi yaseAmazon kunye nababhali bembali bamandulo
Ingcaciso kaHerodotus iqukunjelwa xa echaza ukuba eli qela lingumxube (abaphumi-mkhosi nolutsha lwasemaphandleni) lihlala ngaphaya kancinane koMlambo iTanais, kwindawo ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba nguMlambo iDon. Inzala yabo yayingamaSarmatians, awayesilwa namaSkitiya, awayezizalamane zawo ezikude, ngokuchasene nokumkani wasePersi uDariyo I ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC uHerodotus wachaza ngokwasemzimbeni amaAmazons ngokuthi:
“Amabhinqa amahle awayengenalo ibele lasekunene, kuba lacatshulwa kwaseziintsana. Oomama babeka into yobhedu ekuphela kwenjongo yayo yayikukunqanda ukukhula kwebele, oku kwakusenzelwa ukuba basebenzise izixhobo ngempumelelo, ukomelela kwesifuba, emva koko yajoliswa egxalabeni nasengalweni kweliya cala. ebanika amandla angakumbi kunomfazi okanye indoda eqhelekileyo”
Amanye amabali
Nangona uHerodotus wayengumbhali-mbali wokuqala owaziwayo owathetha ngama-Amazons, inyaniso kukuba kwakukho iimbali-mlando ezininzi ezithetha ngalo mbandela. Ngexesha lika-Alexander Omkhulu, kwabhalwa ukuba wafumana ukutyelela ngokukhawuleza kwi-Amazons xa wayeyisa amazwe ase-Asia.
Lo mngcelele wawunamabhinqa anamandla angama-300, awazinikela ekumatsha iintsuku ezingama-25 enenjongo ephela, yokuba omnye wawo ngokwenene akhulelwe kuye. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi ababhali be-biographers abazinikele ekubhaleni malunga no-Alexander Omkhulu babuza ukuba esi siganeko senzeka ngokwenene okanye ukuba yayiyibali elenziweyo ukunika igama lika-Alexander amandla angaphezulu.
IAmazons kunye namaRoma
Ababaninzi abantu abazi malunga namabali abandakanya ama-Amazons ngokungathanga ngqo. Oku kungenxa yokuba uninzi lweendima zakhe, kungekhona iindima eziphambili, zacinywa kwimbali. Kwimbali yaseRoma, ama-Amazons amele isithuba esibalulekileyo. Ebudeni bengxubusho kwiNdlu yeeNgwevu zaseRoma, uKesare wakhumbula uhlaselo olwenziwa ngamaAmazon eAsiya.
Le nyaniso yaphefumlela imikhosi yamaRoma ukuba ilwe kwaye iphile phantsi kweemfundiso zama-Amazons. Kucingelwa ukuba uPompey Trogus unike ingqwalasela enkulu kwindlela ama-Amazons alwa ngayo, enomdla kwiindlela zabo zokulwa kwaye ezama ukuzisebenzisa kumadabi akhe.
Ezinye iimbekiselo ezibhaliweyo kwintsomi yeAmazons
Phakathi kwezinye iimbali-mlando esinazo ukuba uDiodorus wachaza ibali likaHercules ehlula ama-Amazons e-Themyscira, ngelixa uPhilostratus wazama ukuzifumana kwiintaba zeTaurus. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Ammianus wachaza ukuba basempuma yoMlambo waseTanais kwaye babengabamelwane baseAlans, kwaye uProcopius wachaza ukuba ngokwenene babeseCaucasus.
Nangona ababhali-mbali abaninzi bethandabuza ubukho babo, nakumaxesha anamhlanje, uninzi luyavuma ukubadwelisa njengabantu ababalulekileyo bembali ngexesha lamandulo. Ootata abaliqela bembali kunye neentsomi bafuna, iminyaka, ukuzama ukuphelisa umkhondo wakhe, nangona kunjalo, kwakuphantse kungenzeki.
Ukususela kumabali amnandi ukuya kuluntu lwangempela, i-Amazons imele inxalenye enkulu yembali yenkcubeko yethu, ukwamkela ubukho babo okanye cha. Ngokwenkcubeko, imbali yabo ibe nefuthe kuluntu lonke kwaye namhlanje, nangona sibakhumbula njengebali elilula lakudala, izinto zakudala zisibonisa ukubaluleka kwazo kubantu abohlukeneyo.
Unokufunda amanye amanqaku afana neli malunga neentsomi zaseAmazon kwibhlog yethu, enyanisweni, sincoma ukuba ufunde Perseus.
Amazons kuncwadi
Ukuchaza zonke iincwadi kunye nemisebenzi ebhekiselele kuma-Amazons phantse akunakwenzeka. Ukususela ekukhankanyweni kwabo okokuqala kwiintsomi zamaGrike, ababhali abahlukeneyo baye baxubusha ubukho be-Amazons, bechaza ukuziphatha kwabo, izicwangciso okanye indlela abasebenza ngayo njengoluntu.
Ngaphandle koku, kukho ukukhankanywa okubalulekileyo okunokwenziwa, malunga nababhali abadumileyo abathe bathetha ngamaAmazons. Ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, uMarco Polo wabhala incwadi enesihloko esithi Travel Book, apho abalisa lonke uhambo lwakhe lokutyhubela iAsia. Apho wakhankanya ubukho besiqithi esihlala kuphela ngabasetyhini, nangona kunjalo, akacacisi ukuba ngaba bangama-Amazons, kuba engenzi naluphi na ukhanyiso kubuchule babo.
IRenaissance kunye namagorha
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngexesha le-European Renaissance, i-Amazons yayiyindawo yokugxila kubabhali bexesha eliphakathi kunye ne-Renaissance. Balandela uluvo lukaPliny Omdala, owachaza evuma ukuba ama-Amazons ayile inqanawa yemfazwe. Le nyaniso inxulumene ne iisagaris, isixhobo esifana kakhulu nezembe esasinxulunyaniswa nama-Amazons, kodwa sasisetyenziswa nazizizwe ezikufutshane.
UPawulos Hector Mair, wathi oku kwakungenakwenzeka, ekubeni wayengakholelwa ukuba izixhobo ezinjalo “zamadoda” zaziyilwe sisizwe esasihlala abafazi kuphela. Iimbono malunga nama-Amazons zahlukene kakhulu, ngelixa abanye ababhali bencoma uluntu lwabo, abanye bakholelwa ukuba ubukho bayo bungenakwenzeka.
Uncwadi lwamandulo kunye namaxesha aphakathi
umbhali wovuselelo Giovanni UBoccaccio, wanikezela izahluko ezibini ezipheleleyo kuma-Amazons, ngokukodwa kwiindlovukazi uLampedo noMarpesia, kumsebenzi wakhe. NguClaris Mulieribus, eguqulelwe kwisiSpanish ngokuthi "Yabafazi abadumileyo" ngo-1374.
Umzobo wama-Amazons ngoncwadi uyatshintsha kakhulu, umfanekiso wokuqala wentsomi yamaGrike, uye wavela njengoko ubukho babo babubuzwa. Amabali ala magorha mhlawumbi lelinye lamasebe anomdla kakhulu kwiintsomi zamaGrike kunye noncwadi.
Kukho izigidi zamabali achaza ubunyani beAmazons, bambalwa kubo abasondela kwinyaniso. Nokuba bebekho ngenene, uncwadi lwaguqula aba bafazi baba ngumntu ongakholelekiyo, onokuthi asetyenziswe ngokwendlela yobuqu kunye neyomntu ngamnye wesifundo ogqiba ukubhala ngaye.
AmaAmazons aseMelika
Inkolelo ye-Amazons ayifumanekanga kuphela kwiGrisi yamandulo, kodwa kwakhona imikhondo ingabonwa kuluntu lwase-Hispanic. Xa sithetha ngama-Amazons sinokubhekisela kumacandelo amabini ahlukeneyo. Eyokuqala imalunga nabantu abathi, ngokweentsomi zamaGrike, babekwisiqithi esincinane yaye okwesibini, ngabafazi ehlabathini lonke abaphumeza izakhono zabo.
Ukuphonononga kancinci malunga neziko lesibini, sifumanisa ukuba ababhali-mbali abaliqela, abembi bezinto zakudala kunye neentanda-bulumko, bamisela ukuba kukho abantu abaninzi baseAmazons emhlabeni jikelele. Babengathethi ukuba bavela kwindawo enye okanye banemvelaphi efanayo, kodwa babe ngabafazi abaneempawu ezifanayo, kungoko kwathatyathwa igama elithi Amazon ukuze libahlukanise kwabanye.
Kukholelwa ukuba iiAmazons zaseMelika, oko kukuthi, iiAmazons ezazikho eMelika, zazikho kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezibalulekileyo zelizwekazi. Phakathi kwazo eziphawulekayo zezi: I-Antilles, i-Amazon River, intshona yeMexico kunye nephondo laseLos Llanos eBukumkanini baseGranada. Ezi sayithi zarekhodwa nguChristopher Columbus, uHernán Cortés, uFrancisco de Orellana kunye nabanye abahambi kunye nabakholoni njengeendawo apho uluntu lwabafazi bemfazwe lwabonwa khona.
Amasiko aseMelika aseAmazons
La mabhinqa athatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeka kwindawo ahlala kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, babeneempawu ezifanayo. Yayingabafazi abanamandla, bedla ngokuba ze, ababekhusela abantu babo ngezixhobo zemveli, izaphetha, imikhonto, iintolo kunye neentonga zezona zixhobo zixhaphakileyo. Kwelinye icala, kwaphawulwa ukuba ibutho labantu ababehlala kulo yayingabafazi ababenegunya eliphakamileyo, amadoda awayekho yayizizicaka, abantwana balahliwe yaye amantombazana akhuliswa ukuze alandele umzekelo woonina.
Kungenxa yesi sizathu kunye nangenxa yokufana abaye banikezela ngeentsomi zamaGrike, ukuba la maqela amabhinqa abizwa ngokuba ngama-Amazons. Kukho ezinye iireferensi ezithetha malunga nama-Amazons aseMelika. Ngokomzekelo, ikopi ye-Dominico Gaspar de Carvajal, inolwazi oluninzi malunga nalezi zibonakaliso kunye nendlela la maqela amabhinqa alawulwa ngayo, ingxelo ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Discovery of the Amazon River"
Intsomi yeAmerican Amazons: inyaniso okanye ifantasy?
Le ncwadi iqala ngohambo lukaGonzalo Pizarro, xa wayesiya kumlambo waseMarañón, ngelixa efuna umthi wesinamoni, kwaye uyaqhubeka nokudibana noKaputeni uFrancisco Orellana, owayenobudlelwane obusondeleyo nalo luntu ngo-1542. .
Njengenyaniso ebangel’ umdla, uMlambo iAmazon okhoyo ngoku, enyanisweni, wawubizwa ngokuba nguMlambo iOrellana, ekubeni yayinguye owawufumanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ekufumaneni uluntu lonke oluhlala kufutshane, umlambo wathiywa igama lawo langoku.
Inkcubeko yanamhlanje kunye neAmazons
Inkcubeko yanamhlanje isifundise ngakumbi malunga nama-Amazons entsomi yamaGrike kunokuba malunga nama-Amazons aseMelika. Kukho isizathu sokuba, isibalo sabasetyhini kwimbali sapheliswa, kuninzi, kwakungenakwenzeka ukucinga ukuba umfazi wangempela, ngaphandle kwamandla angaphezu kwamandla, uya kukwazi ukukhusela abantu bakhe. Ngaphezu kwako konke, kwakungakholelwa ukuba kukho uluntu apho kukho bonke abafazi.
Phezu kwazo nje iinzame zokucinywa kwembali, ababhali-mbali abaninzi baye bafumana ubungqina obuchaza okwahlukileyo koko. Inkolelo yama-Amazons yenza inguqu epheleleyo, yayingasekho nje ibali elibhaliweyo kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo, kodwa zaguqulwa zaba ngamabali amabhinqa okwenene kunye nemibutho ebhalisiweyo.
I-American Amazons ayifani ne-Amazons ye-mythology yamaGrike, ziinkcubeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ezabelana ngeempawu ezifanayo. Imfuneko yokuphila kunye nendaleko ichaza indlela amaqhawe elizwekazi laseMelika ayefana ngayo nalawo aseGrisi yamandulo, nangona ayengenalo ulwazi olufanayo.
Unokufunda amanye amanqaku afana neli kwibhlog yethu, enyanisweni, siyakumema ukuba ujonge eli nqaku Intsomi kaApollo noDaphne inomxholo oyilelwe wena.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nentsomi yeeAmazons
Namhlanje, kukho iireferensi ezininzi kwii-Amazons kubugcisa. Ithelevishini kunye ne-cinema yimithombo ephambili eyenza iintsomi ze-Amazons ziqatshelwe ngakumbi kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.
Ukusuka kuthotho, imiboniso bhanyabhanya kunye nemidlalo, iiAmazons ziye zaba yinxalenye yenkcubeko yanamhlanje kwaye nangona iintsomi zabo zingasafundwa kangako, akunakwenzeka ukukhanyela ukuba angakholeleki kangakanani amabali aba baphumi-mkhosi. Okulandelayo, siya kuchaza i-5 eyona mibuzo ibuzwayo kwiwebhu malunga neAmazons kunye neereferensi zabo.
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Ngaba iWonder Woman yiAmazon?
Wonder Woman okanye Wonder Woman, njengoko eyaziwa kumazwe athetha Anglo-Saxon, ngomnye wabalinganiswa idumileyo kwishishini lamahlaya. Yenziwe ngu UWilliam Moulton Marston Ngeminyaka yee-40, i-Wonder Woman izama ukusindisa umhlaba kwii-villains ezinamandla.
Ukudalwa kwayo kwakunenjongo ethile, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-40, iUnited States yayibandezeleka ngenxa yemiphumo yeMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ukujongana nokothusayo. UMoulton wenze ireferensi yamandla obufazi, ngokufanayo, ethatha impembelelo kwincwadi ethi The Superiority of Women kunye neentsomi zamandulo zamaGrike malunga namaqhawe aseAmazon. Iimpawu zale superheroine zezi:
- Amehlo aluhlaza kunye neenwele ezintle ezimnyama
- Umzimba weembaleki
- Amandla angaphezu kwendalo kunye nobuchule bokulwa
- ukulwa nolwazi
- Iyunifomu eneflegi yaseMelika.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, uMangaliso woMfazi ubhekisa ngokuthe ngqo kwenye yeentsomi zamaGrike, ukufana kwazo kuphakathi kwenkosazana yaseThemyscira. Umahluko kuphela kukuba endaweni yokulwa nezidalwa zasentsomini ezivela eGrisi yamandulo, le nkosazana yayiseMelika ukuba ibe nguMfazi oMangalisayo kwaye ilwe namaNazi.
Esinye sezizathu zokuba siqaphele i-Wonder Woman njengomfazi wase-Amazon kukuba inani lokufana analo kunye neentsomi zakudala alinakuphikiswa. Umfazi omangalisayo ubonakala emhle, eqinile kwaye ehlakaniphile, ezi mpawu zifana nezichaza ama-Amazons kwiintsomi zamaGrike.
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Ngaba iiAmazons zazikho ngokwenene?
Akuqinisekwanga kakhulu, ukuba siphanda isuntswana lembali, siya kufunda ngokukhawuleza ukuba iinzame zabasetyhini zihlala zisibekele okanye zisetyenziswa kuphela njengesalathiso esingumfuziselo. Kangangeminyaka, indima yokwenene yabasetyhini yayifihliwe, oku akuthethi ukuba babekho ngokwenene, kuphela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuba babenayo, imbali yabo yacinywa kwiminyaka edluleyo.
Namhlanje, siyazi ukuba kwakukho amaqhawe amabhinqa, umzekelo ocacileyo, babengabalwi kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukucacisa ukuba ngaba imbali yabasetyhini ibuyela emva kunokuba sinokucinga.
Ngaphandle kwayo yonke le nto, kukho abantu ababebanga ukuba amaAmazons akhona. Ngokomzekelo, uFrancisco Orellana, omnye wamadoda awathelela uhlolisiso lokwenziwa kwamathanga eMerika, wathi akufika kunxweme loMlambo iMarañón, wabona amabhinqa anamandla ezama ukukhusela idolophu yawo ngezaphetha.
Lo mfanekiso uchukumisayo wamenza wabhaptiza amanzi apho wayeqala ukuwabona khona, uMlambo iAmazon. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba oku kwenzeke okanye akunjalo, kodwa akukho nzima ukukukholelwa.
Inkcubeko yabantu bomthonyama yayahluke kakhulu kule sinayo namhlanje, iintshukumo zabo kunye neemfundiso zabo zakwazi ukudala amagorha anamandla nakrelekrele. Unokufunda amanye amanqaku afana neli malunga neentsomi zaseAmazon kwibhlog yethu, enyanisweni, sincoma ukuba ufunde Pegasus kudidi lweentsomi namabali.
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Iyintoni imvelaphi yeeAmazons?
Xa sithetha ngeeAmazons, enye yeyona mibuzo ibuzwayo malunga nemvelaphi yazo. Ukuba luluntu lwabasetyhini, kunzima ukucinga ukuba bazalwa njani, impendulo yaloo nto, eneneni, ilula kakhulu. Ekubeni iintsomi zisixelela ukuba la magorha azalwa kumanyano lweGrike uThixo wemfazwe uAres kunye nenymph egama linguHarmonia.
Ukunika indalo yakhe imeko engakumbi, ngaphambi nje kokuzalwa kwakhe, iAthene yayingquzulwano enzulu neSparta, njengoko zombini uluntu lwaluphila ubomi obahluke kakhulu. I-Sparta ifuna ukuba ngumnqobi wazo zonke iimfazwe ezinokwenzeka ukuba zinqobe indawo eninzi kwaye i-Athene ifuna ulwazi, yayingamakholwa athembekileyo ukuba ubugcisa kufuneka bukhuselwe kwaye bukhuselwe ngaphezu kwayo yonke into.
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Ayechongwa oobani ama-Amazon?
Ngokucacileyo kunye ne-Sparta, zombini impucuko yayikholelwa ukuba iingxabano zemfazwe zezona zisisombululo, nangona kunjalo, kukho ulwahlulo olucacileyo, ama-Spartans agxile ekuboneleleni amajoni kwimikhosi, ngelixa ama-Amazons ayeya emfazweni.
Bobabini e-Sparta nase-Themyscira, isixeko-kwilizwe lase-Amazon, ubufanasini bamkelekile kwaye babengenayo enye inketho, babengabemi apho kwakukho inani elibi labemi besini esifanayo, mhlawumbi kwibala lokulwa okanye ngaphandle kwayo. .
Ngaba iiAmazons zokwenyani zaseSpartan? Mhlawumbi okanye akunjalo, njengoko sesichazile ngaphambili, ukuba ama-Amazons ayekho ngokwenene akunakwenzeka ukumisela imvelaphi yawo, ngoko kuya kufuneka sibambelele kwingcamango echaza iintsomi zamaGrike.
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Ngaba ama-Amazon ayengatshatanga?
Amabali ama-Amazons abonisa ukuba yayiluluntu lwabasetyhini, oko kukuthi, kwakungekho madoda phakathi kwabantu babo. Iintsomi ezithetha ngazo zisixelela ukuba ama-Amazon ayengabazingeli abangamabhinqa abeza emhlabeni ngenjongo enye: ukukhusela imihlaba yabo.
Ukongeza, ezinye iinjongo zongezwa, ezinjengokuphumelela amadabi abalulekileyo kwabanye abantu, ukuhlala kunye njengoluntu kunye nokugcina uluntu lwabo. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba akukho xesha lininzi libhekisela ekubeni kukho amadoda e-Themyscira, inyaniso kukuba mhlawumbi baye benza.
AmaAmazon awazange avume ukutshata, kodwa ayenandipha ukwanelisa iminqweno yawo yenyama, ukongezelela, ayenomsebenzi wokulondoloza abantu bawo. Intsomi yama-Amazons iphula iinkolelo eziqhelekileyo zezinye iintsomi, ekubeni iphelisa loo ngqondo yokuba ekuphela kwekamva lentombazana yayikukutshata nokuba nosapho.
Iingxelo zicacile, njengomthetho jikelele, ama-Amazons ahlala engatshatanga, nangona kunjalo, kwakukho izinto ezingafaniyo, umzekelo, uAntiope watshata noLeus ixesha elithile emva kokuba amxhwile.
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Xena, inkosazana yeqhawe yayikhona?
Ngexesha le-90s, uchungechunge oludumileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-Xena, i-princess princess, yasasazwa, yasekwa kwiGrisi yaMandulo. Yaxelela ibali lomfazi omncinci onesibindi owazifumana ekwiimeko ezinzima, izahluko ezininzi zolu chungechunge zabonisa ukuba u-Xena wayengumfazi omhle (eneempawu eziqhelekileyo zama-Amazons) kwaye wayekwazi ukulwa nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo.
U-Lucy Lawless wayengumdlali we-actress owazisa lo mlingiswa ukusuka kwi-1995 ukuya kwi-2001. Nangona kungekho nkcazo echanekileyo eyenziwayo ukuba i-Xena yayiyi-Amazon, ichazwa ngokubanzi ukuba umlingiswa wakhe uneembekiselo ezininzi kwiintsomi.
Xena, njengomntu wokwenene ebomini, wayengekho. Akukho ngxelo ithi embalini kwakukho umntu owayeyinkosazana ngelo gama, singasathethi ke ngomphumi-mkhosi obalaseleyo. UXena ngumlinganiswa odalelwe umabonakude, igorha elidumileyo elichaza kwaye likhuthaze abasetyhini abaninzi abancinci ngelo xesha.
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda amanye amanqaku anje, unokujonga ibhlog yethu, enyanisweni, sincoma ukuba ufunde UCassandra
AmaAmazons kubomi bokwenyani
Ngelixa kuyinyani ukuba ubukho bokwenene bama-Amazons buyinto engaqinisekanga, kukho ukufunyanwa okungabonisa ubungqina babo. Intsomi yamaGrike yama-Amazons ithetha ukuba yayiluluntu lwabasetyhini, apho baqeqeshwa khona kubugcisa bemfazwe, bedala amajoni agqibeleleyo obuhle obukhulu.
Kangangeenkulungwane, bekukholelwa ukuba amaAmazons anokuba lolona tshaba lubi kakhulu kumagorha ahlukeneyo exesha, anje ngoHercules okanye uAchilles, nawo anconywa ngomsebenzi wawo wokukhusela abantu bawo ngenkalipho enkulu. Ababhali-mbali abaliqela bakwazile ukufumana eli qela labafazi kwi-Anatolian peninsula (eAsia Minor)
Umlambo i-Termodont ukhupha apho, ekukholelwa ukuba yindawo apho isixeko sase-Themyscira, ilizwe elithandekayo le-Amazons, linokuba lalikhona. Umbhali-mbali uHerodotus (484-425 BC) wabonisa ukuba wayekholelwa ukuba le ndawo ibekwe ngakumbi kumntla-mpuma, kwi-steppes yasePontic, le ndawo namhlanje yiloo nto siyazi ngokuba yi-Ukraine, emazantsi eRashiya kunye nenxalenye yeKazakhstan.
Le ndawo, nayo, yayingumda phakathi kwamaGrike kunye nabantu baseSkitiya, inkcubeko yahluke kwabanye kuba yayisekelwe ekufuyweni kwezilwanyana kunye nokuzalanisa amahashe (amahashe, ukongeza, ahlala ekhankanywa xa ethetha ngentsomi ye-amazons. )
Ukuba unomdla wokufunda ngakumbi umxholo onje malunga neentsomi zeAmazons, sicebisa ukuba ufunde Echo kunye neNarcissus kwibhlog yethu.
Uphando
Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo, ngowe-1988, iphulo lokumbiwa kwezinto zakudala kwiRiphabhliki yaseTuva lakwazi ukufumana into emangalisayo. Yayilungcwabo olukhethekileyo ukusukela kwi-Iron Age yokuqala, oku kufunyaniswayo kwenziwa kwindawo yaseSaryg-Bulum.
Xa kwakugrunjwa, kwafunyanwa iziduli ezimbini zokungcwaba, zadityaniswa, zenza isibhozo. Oku kufunyanisiweyo kwafunyaniswa ukuba kuvela kwinkulungwane yesi-XNUMX BC. Phakathi kweziduli zengcwaba kukho umkhondo wabantu abasixhenxe abangcwatyiweyo, ngamnye kubo wayekhatshwa zizinto ezininzi zakudala.
Eyona nto yayimangalisa kakhulu kubavubukuli baseRashiya xa baqala ukusebenza kwinombolo yesihlanu, apho bafumana ibhokisi le-larch trunk, isiciko sayo sasivalwe ngokuqinileyo. Ngenxa yeempawu zendalo zolu hlobo lomthi kunye nokungabikho komoya, umzimba owawungcwatywe kwelo ngcwaba wawugcinwe kakuhle kakhulu.
uvavanyo lweDNA
Ngelo xesha, kwakukholelwa ukuba ngumama womntwana. Nangona kunjalo, kumashumi amathathu eminyaka kamva kwaye emva kwezifundo ezahlukeneyo ze-DNA, kuye kwavezwa ukuba umzimba ofunyenweyo wawungengomntwana. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, wayelibhinqa eliselula, owayenokuba malunga neminyaka eli-13 ubudala xa wafayo. Ngokutsho kophando olupapashwe yi-Academy yaseRashiya yeSayensi, amanye amathambo amathandathu, kuphela abathathu kubo babengabasetyhini.
Okona kwakumangalisa nangakumbi kukuba bangcwatywa ngokungathi bakhwele ihashe. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba amaGrike amandulo aye adibana namaSkitiya. Ezi zaziye zalawula inqanaba le-Eurasia ngenkulungwane yokuqala ye-BC.
AmaGrike asenokuba achukumiseka gqitha bubuchule bawo bokukhwela kangangokuba xa ayengcwatywa, athabatha uxanduva lokuphinda aphile loo mzuzu ngonaphakade.
intombazana yaseamazon
Umzimba wentombazana efunyenwe kwi-archaeological expedition yayiyeyona igcinwe. Oko kwakungenxa yeemeko awayengcwatywe phantsi kwazo. Ejikeleze iintsalela, kwakubonakala ukuba wayenxibe i-headdress yesikhumba epeyintwe ngohlobo lwe-pigment ebomvu. Ukongezelela, wayenxiba idyasi ethungelwa ngofele lwempuku yasentlango.
Ukuze axhase le dyasi, wayebhinqe ibhanti lesikhumba elihonjisiweyo elineqhiya entle yobhedu. Kwelinye icala, umzimba wale ntombazana wawungeyedwanga. Engcwabeni lakhe kwakubonwa izinto ezininzi, kuquka umphongolo wesikhumba onedatilisi, ekwakuhonjiswe ngawo amazembe. Ukongeza, iipikili ezininzi zokulwa kunye nesaphetha nazo zafunyanwa.
Kwimizimba emithathu yabasetyhini eyafunyanwayo, mibini kuphela eyayinazo ezi zixhobo zokulwa. Ngenxa yendlela ababengcwatywe ngayo, kwagqitywa ukuba aba bafazi babengama-Amazons okanye ubuncinane, eyona nto isondeleyo kule ndawo.
Ngaphakathi kwamangcwaba abizwa ngokuba yiDevita V, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-19 yeenduli zinokubonwa. Uninzi lwazo sele lufihliwe, oku kungenxa yokuba lo mmandla ngoku yindawo yokulima elinywayo.
Kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezadlulayo, la mangcwaba ayegqunyelelwe ngezitena zom-oki ezidityanisiweyo. Baphumla kwiintsika ezili-11 okanye ubuncinci, yindlela ocinga ngayo loo ndawo.
Abafazi bangcwatywa
Abafazi bangcwatywa kwaye bafumana kwi-archaeological expedition babeneminyaka eyahlukileyo. Ababini kubo bebebancinci, kuqikelelwa ukuba baphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nama-29 ubudala. Ngelixa abanye phakathi kwama-25 nama-35, ukongeza kwibhinqa eliselula elineminyaka eli-12 okanye eli-13 kunye nomfazi oneminyaka engama-45. Le nyani yokugqibela inomdla kakhulu. Eli bhinqa lalineminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 ukusa kwengama-35 ubudala eyayiphilwa ngamaSkitiya.
Ngokungafaniyo neminye imingcwabo, oku kwesi sizwana sabafazi kwenziwa ngaxeshanye. Oku kunokubonisa ukuba bonke bafa ngexesha elinye. Uninzi lweziqwenga ezinokuthi zikhanyise ngemfihlakalo azikho. Abaphangi bamangcwaba beba iziqwenga ezahlukahlukeneyo zempahla kunye nezinto zakudala emangcwabeni.
Phezu kwako nje oku, umzimba welo bhinqa wangcwatywa kwindawo yomkhweli wehashe. Oko kukuthi, ngokungathi ukhwele ihashe, laliphelele. Ngaphakathi kwengcwaba le nkosikazi endala, kwafunyanwa isithsaba, intshetshe kunye neentsimbi ezininzi zedati. Into enomdla kukuba amanqaku anjalo ayekhethekileyo kuba ayenziwe ngefolokhwe.
Amalungelo eAmazon
Kude ngaphaya koko kunokuchazwa, oku kufunyaniswayo kunokuthetha ukuba mhlawumbi iiAmazons zinendawo yokwenyani kwimbali. Nokuba akunjalo ngebali eliyintsomi ukuba wonke umntu sele ebazi.
Kwimbali yethu kunye nenkcubeko, oku kufunyenweyo kungathetha utshintsho kwimbali yethu. Enyanisweni, bekuya kuvumela umntu ukuba aqalise ukuthandabuza ubunyani beentsomi.
Ukuba ama-Amazons akhona, zeziphi ezinye izidalwa, amaqhawe okanye abalinganiswa befantasy babeyinxalenye yenyani?
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi umxholo onje malunga neentsomi zeAmazons, siyakumema ukuba uphonononge ibhlog yethu. Sineentlobo ezininzi zeendidi kunye namanqaku okuqala. Bazele ukuzonwabisa kunye nokufunda ngenxa yakho. Siyakumema ukuba ufunde inqaku lethu elipapashwe kutshanje Intsomi kaIcarus