Kwintsomi yamaGrike neyamaRoma kukho uthixo odume kakhulu, ophuma phandle emabalini ngokuba namandla amakhulu nobuchule. Ubomi bakhe babungelula, yena ngokwakhe kwafuneka anyamezele imingeni enzima ngesithembiso soothixo ngaphambi kokubandezeleka kwakhe kubomi obungunaphakade kwiNtaba yeOlympus. Ngoku ewe, masidibane Hercules intsomi.
Intsomi kaHercules: Ngubani uHercules?
I-demigod uHercules okanye uHeracles njengoko aziwa njalo, wayengomnye wamadoda abalaseleyo kwaye avelele phakathi kwawo onke amaqhawe aseGrisi yamandulo, yena ngokwakhe wayegqithise onke amadoda amemori yakhe ithathe umonakalo ukususela ekuqaleni kwexesha. Yena ngokwakhe wayenamandla angaphaya kwawomntu kunye nesiphithiphithi esithabathekisayo, ekwangumfuziselo wobukroti nobudoda kula maxesha, ekwangoyena mdlali udume kakubi kwiOlympian Order, owayebakhusela ngokuqinileyo abantu abafayo kwizidalwa ezoyikekayo nakubantu.
Nangona umsindo wakhe nokungazolanga kwakhe kwabangela inkathazo engafanelekanga kuye nakwabanye abantu abafayo abamsulwa, ubukhulu bomsebenzi wakhe wawumkhulu kangangokuba wafumana ixabiso lokungafi. Intsomi kaHercules ngokungathandabuzekiyo ibonisa eli qhawe libalaseleyo njengelinye lawona mfanekiso ubalulekileyo kuyo yonke imbali yamandulo yamaGrike, indima yayo ephambili inokubonwa kumakhulukhulu eentsomi ezibalo-maxesha lungenakuqondwa.
Ukuzalwa kunye nobuntwana
Intsomi kaHercules ithi ukuzalwa kwakhe kwakunxulumene ngokusondeleyo noZeus. U-Hercules ukususela ekuzalweni wabonisa isithembiso esikhulu, apho wayeselusana wakrwitsha iinyoka ezimbini ezithunyelwe nguHera emqameni wakhe. Ukongezelela, lo wayenabona bafundisi babalaseleyo ebuntwaneni bakhe, yaye ekufikeni kwakhe kwishumi elivisayo wayesele ebagqwesa bonke ngobukhulu nangamandla.
Imvelaphi
Njengoko kulindelekile phantse kuzo zonke iingxelo zamagorha amaGrike, uHercules waba ngumphumo wokumanyana kwebhinqa elifayo (Alcmene) nothixo (uZeus). Ngokuphathelele uHercules, nonina wayenomnombo ophawulekayo: u-Alcmene wayengumzukulwana kaPerseus, mhlawumbi iqhawe elikhulu laseGrisi yamandulo ngaphambi kukaHercules.
Ukuzalwa
Eguqulwe njengomyeni wakhe u-Amphitryon, uZeus wangena ebhedini ka-Alcmene ngobusuku obufanayo nomyeni wakhe. Kwiinyanga ezisithoba kamva, uAlcmene wazala oonyana abangamawele: uIphicles ngomyeni wakhe uAmphitryon noHercules ngoZeus.
Esakuva ngale meko, uHera, owayenguthixokazi nomfazi kaZeyus, wacatshukiswa kukungathembeki kwakhe, yaye engazi ukuba nguwuphi kubantwana baka-Alcmene owayengokaZeyus, lo thixokazi wabeka iinyoka ezimbini ngokufihlakeleyo kumbele wamawele; U-Iphicles ngokukhawuleza waqala ukukhala xa ebabona, kodwa u-Hercules wazikrwitsha ngephanyazo. Ukushiya njengoko kubonakala emehlweni kathixokazi, owayenguthixokazi kwaye ngubani ofayo phakathi kwabo babini.
Isiqalekiso sikaHera
Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ukuthumela iinyoka kwakungekho ubugwenxa bokuqala bukaHera ngokumelene neHercules, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kwakungayi kuba yinto yokugqibela yakhe. Oko kukuthi, ngaphambi nje kokuzalwa kukaHercules, uHera wancenga uZeus ukuba amthembise ukuba umntwana ozayo ozalwe endlwini kaPerseus uya kuba ngukumkani omkhulu kunye nomkhonzi wakhe olandelayo.
Ukuthetha inyaniso, kwakungekho nzima kakhulu kuHera ukukholisa uthixo wase-Olympus ukuba enze isifungo esinjalo, kuba umntwana ozayo oza kuzalwa kufuneka ngokutsho kukaZeus abe nguHercules. Kodwa xa uZeus wanikela ilizwi lakhe, uHera wayala u-Ilithyia ukuba alibazise ukufika kukaHercules kwihlabathi de u-Eurystheus azalwe ngaphambi kwexesha, isiganeko esasiza kukhokelela kwi-Labors edumileyo yeHercules.
Abacebisi beHercules
Ngokutsho kwentsomi kaHercules, wayenabacebisi abaninzi, njengaye: uyise u-Host owamfundisa ukuphatha inqwelo yokulwa. U-Autolycus, umkhulu ka-Odysseus, wamyala ukuba alwe. U-Eurito (uKumkani wase-Ecalia), wayalela uHercules oselula ukuba aqhelisele ukudubula; UCastor, iwele elifayo likaDioscuros, uqeqeshe eli qhawe ekubiyeleni kunye noHarpalycus omnye kaHermes, owaqeqesha uHercules kumanqindi.
ama-adventures okuqala
Ngeminyaka eyi-18, u-Hercules waqala ubomi be-adventure, eqala ukuphelisa ubomi bengonyama yaseCithaeron. Kunyaka kamva, eneminyaka eyi-19, uHercules wayesele ezele abantwana abangaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu kwaye woyisa umkhosi wonke.
INgonyama yaseCithaeron
Kwintsomi kaHercules, kubaliswa ukuba ingonyama yeNtaba iCithaeron ngaxeshanye yayisitya imihlambi yeAmphitryon neThespius, ukumkani waseThespiae. Ngoko ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe kunye nokugqibela, uHercules wagqiba ubomi besilwanyana emva kokuzingela ngobudlova iintsuku ezingamashumi amahlanu ngokuthe ngqo. Emva kokuba uHercules sele ewunqobile ingonyama, wabeka esikhumbeni kwaye ukususela ngoko wasebenzisa i-scalp yengonyama njengesigqoko.
UThespius wamangaliswa ngamandla kunye nokuzimisela komfana kwaye enqwenela ukuba zonke iintombi zakhe zibe nomntwana ebusuku emva kobusuku, lo kumkani wakwazi ukuthumela nganye yeentombi zakhe ezingamashumi amahlanu ebhedini kaHercules. Kwaye kungesi senzo ukuba uthixo unonyana omnye ubuncinane neentombi zokumkani waseThespiae.
Abamemezeli bakaErginus
Ukubuya ngozuko ekuzingeleni, uHercules wadibana nabamemezeli baka-Erginus, othunyelwe ngukumkani waseMinyan ukuqokelela irhafu yonyaka kaTheban kwiinkomo ezilikhulu. Ngoko emva kokwazi iinjongo zala Hercules, ngokutsho kwamabali "wanqumla iindlebe zabo, impumlo kunye nezandla zabo, kwaye emva kokuzibopha ngeentambo ezintanyeni zabo, wabaxelela ukuba baya kuthatha loo ntlawulo ku-Erginus kunye nama-minians".
Enomsindo ekuveni oko kwenzekileyo, u-Erginus wahlanganisa umkhosi waseMinian waza waya eThebes, kodwa endaweni yoko wadibana nokufa kwakhe ezandleni zikaHercules, owathi wanyanzelisa amaMinians ukuba ahlawule kabini umvuzo wokuqala kwiThebans.
Ukuphambana kukaHercules
Ngombulelo, uCreon ukumkani waseThebes wanika uHercules isandla sentombi yakhe enkulu uMegara, owakha naye intsapho yabantwana ababini okanye abasibhozo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba eqhutywe ngamaplanga angendawo kaHera, uHercules wababulala bonke.
Ukulahla esi sono esibi, i-oracle yaseDelphi yamyala ukuba akhonze u-Eurystheus, ukumkani waseTiryns, iminyaka elishumi elinesibini yobomi bakhe kwaye afeze yonke imisebenzi eyabelwe yona. Ekuqaleni abalishumi, aba ekugqibeleni babeza kuba ngabasebenzi abadumileyo abalishumi elinesibini bakaHercules.
ukufa kunye ne-apotheosis
Umfazi wesibini kaHercules yayinguDeianira, udade wegorha elomeleleyo uMeleager. Kwiintsuku emva komtshato wabo, u-Deianira wahlaselwa ngokukrakra ngu-centaur Nessus, owathi uHercules wambulala ngeentolo zakhe ezinokuthi zifakwe kwigazi elinetyhefu leLernaean hydra. Ngokufa kwakhe, uNessus weyisela uDeianira ukuba athabathe ihempe yakhe egqunywe ligazi (kwaye loo nto inetyhefu) ayinxibe njengekhubalo lothando xa esiva ukuba umyeni wakhe uza kungathembeki.
UDeianira wagcina ihempe kaNessus iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ayinike uHercules, esoyikela ukuba uthandana no-Iole. Nangona kunjalo, umzuzwana u-Hercules wabeka ihempe, ubuthi baqala ukuyidla inyama yakhe, ibangela iqhawe elinamandla intlungu kangangokuthi wayengenakukwazi ukuyithwala.
indawo yomngcwabo
Ngentlungu, uHercules wazakhela i-pyre yokungcwaba kwiNtaba ye-Oeta waza wayimisa elindele ukuba umntu akhanyise. Akukho mntu wayezimisele ukuyenza, kodwa ngethamsanqa, umhlobo wakhe uPoeas wadlula kwaye, emva kokumkholisa, wavuma ukubeka i-pyre ngomlilo. Ukutshintshana, wafumana isaphetha seqhawe kunye neentolo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Hercules, wathatyathwa e-Olympus apho watshata noHebe emva kwe-apotheosis yakhe yobuthixo.
Imisebenzi ye-12 yeHercules
Umona ngokukhula kwempumelelo kaHercules, uHera ucela u-Eurystheus ukuba asebenzise amandla akhe kuye. Ke xa iqhawe lamaGrike lisondela ku-Eurystheus ngokwemfuno ye-Oracle yaseDelphi, ufuna ukuba uHercules enze imisebenzi elishumi elinambini. Konke ngaphambi kokulindela ukuba uHercules utshabalale kwenye yazo ngokweminqweno kaHera no-Euristeo. Le misebenzi yayingokwentsomi kaHercules:
Umsebenzi wokuqala - Ukuphelisa ubomi bengonyama yaseNemean
Kwesi sabelo sokuqala, uHercules uya eNemea apho kukho irhamncwa elithunyelwe nguthixokazi uHera, owaphelisa abantu beli dolophu ngokungathi kukutya. Ulusu lwengonyama lukhuselekile kangangokuba alukho utolo olunokugqobhoza.
Ukwazi ukuba iqhawe alikwazi ukubulala irhamncwa ngesaphetha sakhe, uqhubela phambili ukubetha ingonyama aze ayikrwitshe ngezandla zakhe. Ukususela ngoko, unxiba ulusu lwengonyama ukuze azikhusele edabini, kuba akukho nto inokungena kuyo.
Umsebenzi wesibini - Bulala iLernaean Hydra
Esi sidalwa sihlala emgxobhozweni, yaye ivumba lomzimba waso libulala nabani na ophefumla umsi walo omdaka. U-Hercules uqala umlo, kodwa ufumanisa ukuba kwintloko nganye unqumla i-monster, kuvela ezimbini. Ekugqibeleni, umhlobo umnika umlilo ukuze aqalise ukutshisa zonke izikhondo ngelixa enqumla zonke iintloko. Xa efika kwintloko yesithoba engenakuchaphazeleka, uyayinqumla aze ayingcwabe phantsi kwelitye, esi sisiphelo serhamncwa.
Umsebenzi wesithathu-Bamba i-Cerinea Doe
Uthixokazi uArtemis wayelithanda yaye elikhusela eli xhama linenkani lineempondo zegolide. UHercules wafumana umngeni ukubamba imazi yemazi ngaphandle kokuyenza buhlungu (kunye nokugcina uArtemis angabi nomsindo). Wayilandela imazi yexhama unyaka wonke, wayithabatha ekhuselekile.
Umsebenzi weSine-Bamba iErymanthian Boar
Esi sidalwa esikwaziyo ukuvelisa iintshukumo ezinkulu zenyikima, ngoko uHercules wayisukela inkunzi yehagu inyuka intaba ukuya kwindawo ekhukuliswe yikhephu. Emva koko wayibamba ngomnatha waza wayizisa kuKumkani u-Eurystheus, owayesoyika kakhulu irhamncwa kangangokuba wazifihla kwisitya esikhulu sobhedu.
Umsebenzi wesihlanu - Ukucoca izitali ze-Augeas
Awona mahashe abalaseleyo ehlabathini ayehlala kwezi zitali zikaKumkani uAugeas. Le ndawo ayizange icocwe kwiminyaka engama-30, kodwa uHercules waxelelwa ukuba azicoce zonke ngosuku olunye. Ukuze enze oku, wamisela imilambo emibini egobileyo ukuze ingene ezitalini ize itshayele uthuli.
Umsebenzi wesithandathu - Ukubulala iiNyoni zeStymphalian
Ezi ntaka zingababulali zazihlala kufutshane neChibi iStimfalía. Iinzipho kunye nemilomo yazo yayibukhali okwentsimbi kwaye iintsiba zazo zaziphaphazela okweentsiba. U-Hercules wabakhupha kwiindlwana zabo nge-rattle waza wababulala ngeentolo ezinetyhefu awayezenzile kwigazi le-Hydra.
Umsebenzi wesixhenxe - Thatha iBull yaseCretan
Le nkomo yasendle, igcinwe nguKumkani uMinos waseKrete, kwathiwa iphambene kwaye iphefumla umlilo. U-Hercules waphosa irhamncwa eliphambeneyo emhlabeni waza wazisa kuKumkani u-Eurystheus. Ngelishwa, ukumkani wamkhulula waza wabhadula eGrisi, ebangela uloyiko naphi na apho wayesiya khona.
Umsebenzi wesibhozo - Ukubambisa amahashe eDiomedes
UKumkani uDiomedes, inkokeli yeBistones, wondla amahashe akhe anegazi ngenyama yabantu. UHercules kunye namadoda akhe balwa babulala uKumkani uDiomedes baze bamondla kumahashe abo. Oku kwabangela ukuba amahashe afuywe, ukuze uHercules akwazi ukubakhokelela kuKumkani u-Eurystheus.
Umsebenzi wesithoba - Thatha ibhanti kwi-Amazon queen Hippolyta
U-Hercules waya kwilizwe lase-Amazon, apho ukumkanikazi wamamkela waza wavuma ukumnika umbhinqo wakhe intombi ka-Eurystheus. Kodwa uHera wasasaza i-rumor yokuba uHercules weza njengotshaba. Ekugqibeleni kwafuneka anqobe ama-Amazons kwaye abe ibhanti legolide.
UmSebenzi weshumi-Bamba iinkomo zikaGeryon
UGeryon lirhamncwa elinamaphiko elinemizimba emithathu yabantu, wayenomhlambi weenkomo ezintle ezibomvu. Wayegada umhlambi wakhe oxabisekileyo ngoncedo lwesigebenga nenja ekhohlakeleyo entloko-mbini. UHercules wabulala uGeryon, isigebenga kunye nenja waza wazisa iinkomo kuKumkani u-Eurystheus.
UmSebenzi weshumi elinanye-Thatha iiapile zegolide zeHesperides
IiHesperides yayiziinkumbi. Kwigadi yakhe kwakhula ama-apile egolide akhuselwe yinamba enentloko ezilikhulu, egama linguLadon. UHercules wenza isivumelwano kunye neAtlas, eyayibambe umhlaba. U-Hercules wabamba umhlaba ngelixa uAtlas, uyise we-nymphs, wathatha ama-apile.
Ishumi elinesibini labasebenzi-Bamba iCerberus
Ngokutsho kwentsomi kaHercules, wayalelwa ukuba abambe iCerberus, inja yokukhusela eneentloko ezintathu ze-underworld, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izixhobo. U-Hercules walwa neentloko zasendle zenja, kwaye inja yavuma ukuhamba naye kuKumkani u-Eurystheus. Kungekudala iCerberus yabuyiselwa kwilizwe langaphantsi ingonzakaliswanga.
Ezinye iintsomi ezibalulekileyo zeHercules
Kumgca womsebenzi, uHercules uthatha inxaxheba kwezinye izinto ezininzi zesibini, ezifana nokulwa neHadesi ukuze asindise i-Alceste kwi-underworld, ebulala uCycnus owayezingela abahambi ngezonqulo eDelphi, kunye nokujoyina ukukhangela i-Golden Fleece kunye noJason kunye neArgonauts.
Ngokufanayo, ngokwentsomi kaHercules, waya eTroy ukuze ahlangule uHesione, intombi kaKumkani uLaomedonte. Oku kungenxa yokusilela kukaLaomedonte ukuhlawula imbeko kwizenzo zikaPoseidon noApollo kweso sixeko, kungoko oothixo bathumela irhamncwa laselwandle nesibetho ukuba litshabalalise eso sixeko nabemi baso.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1B6kI5X-cA
Ngaphambi kokuba adibane ne-Oracle yaseDelphi, wachaza ukuba kuphela idini lentombi yakhe uHesione elaliza kuthintela intlekele yaseTroy. ULahomedon waqhubeka ethobela isindululo sika-Oracle, kodwa wanikela ngamahashe akhe adumileyo angenakufa (isipho esivela kuZeyus esiya kuyise kaLaomedon, uTrowa) njengomvuzo kuye nabani na owayenokusindisa intombi yakhe.
Ngoko ngokwentsomi kaHercules wamkela umngeni, wagqiba isidalwa saselwandle waza wasindisa uHesione. Noko ke, uLaomedon akazange alizalise ibhaso awayelithenjisiwe, yaye kwiminyaka kamva uHercules wabuya nomkhosi, awathi ngawo wagqogqa uTroy waza wambulala ukumkani (ngaloo ndlela esenza unyana wakhe uPriam umlawuli) waza wanikela uHesione kumhlobo wakhe uTelamon.
Ukuba ufumene eli nqaku malunga nentsomi kaHercules enomdla, siyakumema ukuba wonwabele ezi ezinye: