Nguthixo wamandulo wamaGrike wothando nobuhle, odityaniswe noVenus ngamaRoma. Igama lakhe lenziwe ligama Aphros eguqulela ngokuthi amagwebu, inxulumene nebali lokuzalwa kwakhe, elibaliswa nguHesiod kwiTheogony yakhe. Funda konke malunga ne intsomi ye-aphrodite, oyena thixo ubalaseleyo kuthixo wamaGrike!
Ukwazi intsomi kaAphrodite
Ujikelezwe yimfihlakalo, imvelaphi ye-Aphrodite echulumancisayo iyimfihlakalo, amabali amandulo abonisa ukuba wazalwa kwigwebu elimhlophe eliveliswe lilungu lesini lika-Uranus, xa unyana wakhe uCronos wawaphosa elwandle.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu uAphrodite wayegqalwa njengothixo waselwandle nomkhuseli wabaqhubi beenqanawa, ocelwe ngoomatiloshe kuhambo oluhle. Kodwa wayehlonitshwa kwaye ehlonitshwa njengothixo wemfazwe, ngakumbi kwizixeko ezinesiko elide lokulwa njengeSparta, kunye neThebes, iSipro kunye neminye imimandla yesizwe samaGrike.
Nangona kunjalo, kwintsomi ka-Aphrodite wayesaziwa ngokuyintloko njengothixokazi wothando nokuchuma kwaye ngamanye amaxesha wayesongamela umtshato. Kwelinye icala, kumaxesha amandulo amahenyukazi ayemgqala uAphrodite njengomxhasi wawo, unqulo lwakhe lwasesidlangalaleni ngokuqhelekileyo lwalundilisekile yaye lungqwabalala.
Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba unqulo lwentsomi ka-Aphrodite lwafika eGrisi luvela eMpuma, njengoko uninzi lweempawu zalo zisikhumbuza ngoothixokazi bamandulo bakuMbindi Mpuma uIshtar noAstarte. Nangona uHomer wambiza ngokuthi "iCypria" emva kwesiqithi esidume kakhulu ngenxa yenkolo yakhe, yayisele ihlaziywe ngexesha likaHomer kwaye ngokwemibhalo yakhe wayeyintombi kaZeus noDione, iqabane lakhe eDodona.
KwiNcwadi VIII yeOdyssey, uAphrodite wayengavisisani noHephaestus, uthixo osisiqhwala ongumkhandi weentsimbi, yaye ngenxa yoko wachitha ixesha lakhe nothixo omhle wemfazwe, uAres. Ngenxa yolu thando lunomdla, waba ngumama kaHarmonia, amawele angamaqhawe uPhobos noDeimos, kunye noEros, uthixo wothando.
Kubathandi bendalo efayo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwintsomi ka-Aphrodite yayingumalusi uAnchises waseTroy, awathi waba ngunina ka-Aeneas, kunye nomfana omhle uAdonis, owabulawa yihagu xa ezingela.
Abafazi bakhalazela oko kumthendeleko ka-Adonia, uhlobo lonqulo luka-Adonis olwaluneempawu zelizwe labafileyo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba lo thixokazi udlamkileyo wayehlobene nabafileyo baseDelphi.
Amaziko aphambili onqulo lwentsomi ka-Aphrodite ayesePafo naseAmathus, eSipro nakwisiqithi saseCythera, ikoloni yaseMinoan, apho kumaxesha angaphambi kwembali kusenokwenzeka ukuba unqulo lwakhe lwaqala khona. Kummandla wamaGrike, iKorinte yayisisazulu sonqulo lwawo. Unxulumano lwakhe olusondeleyo no-Eros, ooGrace, kunye noHorae bagxininisa indima yakhe njengomgqugquzeli wokuchuma.
Wayehlonitshwa yimbongi yaseRoma uLucretius njengoGenetrix, into yokudala yehlabathi, kunye neengqungquthela zakhe i-Ourania (uMhlali waseZulwini) kunye nePandemos (Kubo bonke abantu) zisetyenziswe yifilosofi uPlato ukubhekisela kuthando lwengqondo kunye nothando oluqhelekileyo.
Igama elithi Ourania lithathwa njengelikhankanyiweyo elibekekileyo kwaye lalisetyenziselwa izithixo ezithile zaseAsia, ngelixa iPandemos ibhekisa kwisikhundla akuso kwisixeko-dolophu.
Kwintsomi ka-Aphrodite kucacisiwe ukuba phakathi kweempawu zakhe kwakukho ihobe, irharnati, i-swan kunye nemyrtle. Ukumelwa kuka-Aphrodite kubugcisa bokuqala bamaGrike bahlala bembonisa enxibe ingubo kwaye akanazo iimpawu ezimohlulayo kwabanye oothixokazi.
Nangona kunjalo, yaqala ukufumana ubuntu ezandleni zabakroli abakhulu bamaGrike benkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC. Mhlawumbi eyona mifanekiso iqingqiweyo yentsomi ka-Aphrodite yaqingqwa nguPraxiteles, ibhinqa lokuqala elikhulu, elinganxibanga nowathi kamva waba ngumzekelo wemisebenzi yobugcisa yamaGrike efana neVenus de Milo wenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX. c.
Ukuzalwa kwentsomi ka-Aphrodite
UHomer noHesiod babalisa amabali amabini ahlukeneyo ngemvelaphi yobu thixo kwiincwadi zabo. Ngokutsho kwentsomi yokuqala ka-Aphrodite, wayeyintombi kaZeyus noTitaness Dione, ngaloo ndlela emenza uthixokazi wesizukulwana sesibini, njengenkoliso yeeOlympians.
Kwelinye icala, uHesiod ubalisa intsomi eyahluke ngokupheleleyo ka-Aphrodite, eyaziwa ngakumbi nedumileyo, ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje. Ngokutsho kwakhe, uAphrodite wavuka emanzini, xa izitho zangasese zika-Uranus zaphoswa elwandle ngomnye wenzala yakhe, uCronus. Uthixokazi wothando wavela kwiqokobhe le-scallop, ekhule ngokupheleleyo, ehamba ze, yaye emhle ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na eyayikhe yabonwa nabani na ngaphambili okanye ukususela ngoko.
Yazalelwa phi intsomi ka-Aphrodite?
IPafo okanye iPafo, kule mihla sisixeko esikumzantsi-ntshona weRiphabliki yaseSipro. Kodwa kumaxesha amandulo iPafo yayikwaligama lezixeko ezibini ezazisandulela eso sixeko sanamhlanje. Esona sixeko sidala sasikwiPírgos (iKouklia) yanamhlanje neNew Paphos, eyayithabathele indawo iOld Paphos okanye iPalaepaphos ngamaxesha amaRoma, yayikumgama oziikhilomitha ezili-16 ukuya ngasentshona. IPaphos entsha kunye neKtima benza iPafo yanamhlanje.
IPaphos yamandulo, eyayiphantsi kolawulo lwabanqobi bamaGrike ngexesha leMycenaean, kuthiwa yayiyindawo yokuzalwa yasentsomini ka-Aphrodite, uthixokazi ophuma egwebu lolwandle, ekwabonisa netempile edumileyo ehlonipha lo thixokazi welizwe. Ulwandle ihellenic pantheon
Ngamaxesha amaGrike, iPafo yayikwindawo yesibini emva kweSalamis ngomlinganiselo nangempembelelo phakathi kwamazwe aseSipro. Ubukhosi baseCinyrad balawula iPaphos de boyiswa kokugqibela nguPtolemy I waseYiputa (294 BC). I-Old Paphos yehla ngempembelelo emva kokuwa kweCinyradae, ukusekwa kweNew Paphos, kunye nokoyiswa kwamaRoma kweSipro (58 BC), ekugqibeleni yaba yintlango emva kwenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX ye-AD.
INew Pafo, eyayisisixeko esilizibuko sasePafo Endala, yaba likomkhulu lolawulo laso sonke isiqithi ngamaxesha kaPtolemaic nawamaRoma. Esi sixeko sahlaselwa kwaye satshatyalaliswa ngabaphangi bamaSilamsi ngonyaka ka-960 kwaye isixeko sanamhlanje saqala ukukhula kuphela emva kokuhlala kweBritane ngo-1878.
Izibuko, umbindi wobomi besixeko, laphuculwa ngo-1908 kunye no-1959 kodwa lihleli lincinci kakhulu ukuba lingakwazi ukujongana nezithuthi ezinkulu zentengiso kwaye ngoko ke lisebenza kuphela kwiinqanawa zasekuhlaleni zokuloba.
Ngaphandle kobunzima bezoqoqosho obuvela ekuhlalisweni kweembacu ezingama-5.000 zamaGrike zaseCyprus ePaphos emva kokuhlala kweTurkey ngo-1974, ngasekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka esi sixeko sasisele siliziko lophuhliso oluluqilima lwezoqoqosho, kubandakanya indawo yemizi-mveliso kunye neehotele zabakhenkethi, ezithatha ithuba. yobuhle bayo bendalo kunye neentsomi zayo ezityebileyo, ngakumbi xa kufikwa kuthixokazi uAphrodite.
Imizi-mveliso yesi sixeko inamashishini amancinci avelisa impahla, izihlangu, inyama enkonkxiweyo, iziselo neoli yemifuno. Amanqaku anomdla asekuhlaleni aquka iiCawa zeOthodoki, i-Djami Kebir Mosque, iNqaba yasePaphos, iiBhafu zaseFrankish kunye neAphrodite Sanctuary.
Amagama kunye ne-epithets
Ukunqulwa ngokusisiseko ngumntu wonke kumaxesha amandulo, lo thixo wazalwa elwandle, wabizwa kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo zamandulo ngamagama ahlukeneyo:
- IsiGrike: uAphrodite
- Roman: Venus
- Sumeri: Inanna
- IFenike: Astarte
- Etruscan: eTuran
Ukongezelela kumagama awahlukeneyo awawafumanayo lo thixokazi wamandulo, wanikwa izibongozo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezazibalaselisa ezinye zeempawu okanye iimpawu zakhe, ezinjengalezi:
- iipandemos:kubantu bonke.
- Yethuania: uthando lwasezulwini, olufanelekileyo, olunyulu.
- Genetrix: ubuchule behlabathi
- Cypris: Inenekazi laseSipro ngokuba nehlelo elinzulu kwisiqithi saseCyprus.
- Anadyomene: wazalwa ngamagwebu olwandle.
- Cythera: Inenekazi laseCytherea okanye ngubani omithiswe kuloo ndawo.
- pafiya: Isuka ePafo.
- i-onenoply: uxhobile, igama elisetyenziswe eSparta
- Pelagia okanye Pontia: umkhuseli wabahamba ngolwandle.
- i-androphone: ngubani obulele amadoda.
- basilis: Kumkanikazi.
- Genetilis: ukubeleka.
- philopannyx: ubusuku bonke.
- umkhuba: yesenzo sesondo.
Abanye abantu bamaGrike bazama ukwenza umahluko phakathi kwee-Aphrodites ezimbini, besithi uAphrodite Pandemos nguthixokazi weminqweno, umnqweno wokuvusa inkanuko kunye noAphrodite Ourania, olo thando lweplatonic. njengoko uPlato ebonisa kwesi siqwenga:
Sonke siyazi ukuba akukho Aphrodite ngaphandle kothando. Kwimeko, ke, ukuba yayiyingqayizivele, kuya kubakho uthando olunye kuphela, kodwa ekubeni kukho ezimbini, kuya kufuneka ukuba kubekho uthando ezimbini. Yaye njani ukukhanyela ukuba kukho oothixokazi ababini?
Omnye wabo wayengenanina kwaye yintombi ka-Uranus, esimthiya ngayo igama elithi Urania; enye yintombi kaZeyus kunye noDione kwaye simbiza ngokuba yiPandemus. Ke, kuyafuneka ukuba ubize ngokufanelekileyo uLuthando olusebenzisana nale Pandemo yokugqibela kunye nenye iUranium. (uPlato, uMthendeleko we-181 BC)
Kungoku nje siyazi ukuba yayinguthixokazi omnye, intsomi enye ka-Aphrodite kodwa wathiywa nangezinye ii<em>epithets eziphikisanayo nezidla ngokuchaza uhlobo oluntsonkothileyo nolungqubanayo lothando: sithandwa soncumo, onenceba kunye la ehlehlisa ubudala, kwanabo abangahloneli Thixo, nabamnyama, nababulali babantu.
Ukumelwa kunye nesimboli sentsomi kaAphrodite
Ukuba uApollo wayemele eyona nto ifanelekileyo yomzimba wobudoda kumaGrike, intsomi ka-Aphrodite ngokuqinisekileyo yayiyeyona nto ifanelekileyo yabasetyhini. Emhle kwaye enomtsalane, wayesoloko eboniswa enqunu, eyintombi egqibeleleyo elinganayo, enqweneleka kakhulu kwaye engaphaya kokufikelela kuye.
Ngamanye amaxesha wayeboniswa ecaleni kwe-Eros kunye nezinye zeempawu zakhe eziphambili kunye neempawu: umbhinqo womlingo kunye negobolondo, ihobe okanye ungqatyana, iirozi kunye nemyrtle. Amagcisa amaninzi azamile ukuyibuyisela kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo, kubandakanywa umkroli onobuchule uPraxiteles kunye nomzobi u-Apelles, umsebenzi wakhe odumileyo owalahleka kudala.
I-Praxiteles ibonise umfanekiso oqingqiweyo odumileyo ka-Aphrodite, isiqwenga esisekho nanamhlanje. Isithandwa sakhe kunye nembali yakhe yesi siqwenga yayinguFryne, inenekazi elihle lamaGrike elalilindile, elaligqalwa njengelona lalinqweneleka kakhulu ngelo xesha.
Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ka-Praxiteles ka-Aphrodite ngowona waziwa kakhulu abantu benqunu ababhinqileyo embalini. UPlato uthi xa uAphrodite ebona umfanekiso oqingqiweyo, wamangaliswa, wabuza, ukuba umkroli wawubona phi ngaphandle kwempahla.
U-Aphrodite wayengenabo ubuntwaneni, ngoko uhlala evezwa njengomntu omdala osemtsha, sele ekhulile, engenakunqandwa kwaye enqwenelekayo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwempahla.
ubuntu bothixo
Ungumfanekiso wobuhle obungalinganiyo, obonakaliswa yintsomi ka-Aphrodite kwaye, ekwazi oku, uyinto engento, uguquguqukayo, unomsindo kwaye unomdla kakhulu, ukhubeka ngokulula kwaye uyaziphindezela. Nangona etshatile, into engaqhelekanga kwizithixo zeGrike Pantheon, udla ngokungathembeki ngokuphandle kumyeni wakhe.
Kwintsomi ka-Aphrodite, uchazwa njengongayekeleliyo kwaye oziphindezelayo, abambalwa ababa nobuganga bokuchasa amandla akhe kwaye akazange abonakalise nceba kuye nawuphi na, oqhelekileyo womlingiswa wakhe xa ecelwa umngeni. Ngokomzekelo, u-Hippolytus wayekhetha uArtemis endaweni yoko, uAphrodite wenza umama wakhe wesibini u-Phaedra wathandana naye, okubangelwa ukufa kwakhe kunye noHippolytus.
Emva kokuba uAphrodite efumene ukuba u-Eos unkulunkulukazi wokusa wayelele no-Ares, wamqalekisa ukuba abe nothando ngonaphakade kwaye engonwabanga. UDiomedes iqhawe lamaGrike lalimaza unkulunkulukazi ngexesha leMfazwe yeTrojan, wayeza kubulala u-Aeneas waza wahlasela unkulunkulukazi ngokwakhe ebangela umonakalo kwisandla sakhe.
UAphrodite wakhulula ngokukhawuleza uAeneas, owasindiswa nguApollo, omnye umkhuseli we-Olympian weTrojan. UDiomedes wayefanele acinge ngcono ngocelomngeni luka-Aphrodite, kuba uthixo onomsindo ngokukhawuleza wenza umfazi womGrike, uAegiale, aqalise ukulala neentshaba zakhe.
Ngengqondo ekumntwiso womphefumlo, ngewayedlule kuvavanyo olubi ngakumbi, njengokuhla ukuya kwelabafileyo. Kodwa, ngethamsanqa kuye, u-Eros, umphindezeli ka-Aphrodite, wamthanda.
Uthando kunye nokufika kwe-Aphrodite
UAphrodite onamandla onke, uthixokazi ongenakumelana noothixo, owaziwa ngokuba sisithandwa esingalawulekiyo kunye nobuhle obungaphaya kwemvelo, intombi ka-Uranus inoluhlu lwezothando ezisemthethweni nezingekho mthethweni ekufuneka uyazi ngokuqinisekileyo:
Aphrodite kunye noothixo bamaGrike
Intsomi ka-Aphrodite ibonisa ukuba ubuhle bakhe benza abaninzi be-Olympians balahlekelwa iingqondo zabo, ababefuna ngokunyanisekileyo ukulungelelanisa ubuhle obungapheliyo bomfazi, ongazange abe phakathi kwezicwangciso zakhe zokuthembeka nakubani na. Ezinye zezothando ezaziwa kakhulu zesithixo ziquka:
Aphrodite kunye noHephaestus
UAphrodite wayemhle kangangokuba yayingoothixokazi abathathu abanyulu kuphela, uArtemis, uAthena, noHestia, ababengenawo amakhubalo namandla akhe. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, xa efika e-Olympus, ngabom okanye engenzi ngabom wabangela umonakalo kwabanye oothixo, ngamnye kubo wafuna ukuba abe yedwa.
Ukuthintela oku, uZeyus wangxamela ukumtshata noHephaestus, oyena umbi kwiiOlympians. Into equlethe ukuphazamiseka kwexesha elifutshane kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba uAphrodite wayengenalo phakathi kwezicwangciso zakhe zokuthembeka kwiqabane lakhe.
Aphrodite kunye Ares
Nangona wanyanzelwa ukuba atshate, lo thixokazi wayenengxakeko yaye enenzondelelo, ngoko ukuthembeka kwakungesosimbo sakhe. Ke, waqala ukuthandana nomntu owonakalisayo nonobundlobongela njengaye: Ares.
UHelio, nangona kunjalo, wababona waza wazisa uHephaestus. Lo, lowo abanye oothixo babembona njengothixo oneempondo, waqinisekisa ukuba wenza umnatha ocikizekileyo wentsimbi, owawusibambisa esi sibini xa siphinda silala kunye ebhedini. Ukongeza unyeliso kukwenzakala, uHephaestus wacela bonke abanye oothixo ukuba bahlekise abakrexezi kwaye babakhulule emva kokuba uPoseidon evumile ukuhlawula ukukhululwa kwabo.
Kodwa oku akuzange kumenze anikezele, intsomi ka-Aphrodite ichaza ukuba imicimbi yakhe yothando yaqhubeka kwaye emva kwehlazo lomnatha wobhedu, wazala malunga nabantwana abasibhozo bothixo wemfazwe: uDeimos, uPhobos, uHarmonia, i-Adrestia. ezine Erotes, ebizwa Eros, Anteros, Pothos kunye Himeros.
Aphrodite kunye nePoseidon
UHephaestus osweleyo! Akazange acinge ukuba i-Poseidon ekhanukayo kunye neyothando iya kuthandana noAphrodite. Embona enganxibanga mpahla, wamthanda kakhulu, nangona kuthixo wolwandle kwakungekho nzima konke konke. Emva kwexesha elide ngokuqinisekileyo wafumanisa, kuba uAphrodite wazala inkosi yolwandle ubuncinane intombi enye, abayibiza ngokuba nguRhodes.
uAphrodite kunye noHermes
UHermes wayengenamaqabane amaninzi, kodwa wayenobudlelwane obufutshane kakhulu kodwa obunzulu kunye no-Aphrodite. Kwakhona ngokuqwalasela ukuba i-Priapus kwiingxelo zakudala zibonwa njengenzala kaDionysus kunye no-Aphrodite, kubonakala ngathi nguZeus kuphela kunye neHadesi abazange banikezele ekuthandeni uthixokazi wothando. Nangona inkosi ye-underworld ayizange ihlale kwi-Olympus kwaye eyokuqala ingaba nguyise.
Aphrodite phakathi kwabantu
Xa wayengaxakekanga ekwenzeni abanye abantu bathandane, uAphrodite wayenexesha elithile lokuzithanda kwaye yayingengoothixo kuphela ababejolise kubo. Njengezinye izithixo ezininzi ze-Hellenic pantheon, uAphrodite ngamathuba ambalwa wabeka umbono wakhe kubantu abafayo:
Adonis
UAdonis wayengunyana kaMirra, umfazi uAphrodite owajika waba ngumthi. Uthixokazi wambeka ebhokisini waza wamsa kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba, ecela iPersephone ukuba imnyamekele kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, xa ebuyela kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba ukuze ambone ixesha elide kamva, ukumbona wathandana nomntu ofayo ngoku ngokungaqhelekanga.
Ngoko, wacela uAdonis ukuba abuye naye. Ngokuqinisekileyo iPersephone eyayimkhathalele, yayingayi kuvumela. Uyise woothixo, uZeyus, wayiphelisa loo ngxwabangxwaba ngokugqiba kwelokuba uAdonis wayeza kuchitha ixesha nothixo ngamnye, kokubini kwihlabathi elingaphandle naseHadesi.
Noko ke, uAdonis wakhetha uAphrodite yaye xa kwafika ixesha, akazange afune ukubuyela kwelabafileyo. I-Persephone yathumela i-boar ukuba imbulale kwaye umfana omhle waphamba wafa kwiingalo zika-Aphrodite. Esi sibini sasinoonyana ababini: uBeroe noGolgos.
I-Anchises
Ngesinye isihlandlo, uAphrodite wathandana nenkosana yaseTrojan egama linguAnchises, ezenza inkosazana, wamkhohlisa waza walala naye. Wazityhila kamva, emthembisa unyana obekekileyo waza wamlumkisa ukuba ayigcine kuye le mfihlelo.
U-Anchises akazange akwazi ukuligcina kuye ibali lakhe, ngoko wabethwa sisibane sikaZeyus esamfamekisayo, ngoko inkosana ayizange ibone unyana wayo, u-Eneyas, ukumkani ongoyikiyo woBukhosi obunamandla baseRoma.
EParis
UParis, inkosana yeTrojan, wayeyindoda yokugqibela ukubona isithixokazi uAphrodite. Oku kwenzeka xa wanikwa umsebenzi wokugweba ukuba ngubani phakathi koothixokazi abathathu - uAphrodite, uHera okanye uAthena - owayemhle kakhulu.
U-Aphrodite wathembisa iParis intombazana enhle kakhulu emhlabeni ukuba wayikhetha, ngoko ngokwemvelo wenza. UAphrodite waqinisekisa ukuba ufumana uHelen, ukumkanikazi waseSpartan, isiganeko esabangela iMfazwe yeTrojan enegazi eyathatha ishumi leminyaka.
Unqulo lwentsomi kaAphrodite
Inkolo yentsomi ka-Aphrodite yayidume kakhulu kwiGrisi yakudala eneendawo ezininzi ezingcwele kunye neetempile kulo lonke ilizwe. Amaziko abo aphambili onqulo phakathi eGrisi yayisisixeko saseKorinte esikwi-Isthmus nesiqithi saseKythera (eCytherea) kufuphi nonxweme lwaseLakedaimonia.
Intlonipho nenkolelo ethembekileyo kuAphrodite waseGrisi yafunyanwa kuthixokazi wamaFenike uAsarte kunye nothixo waseMesopotamiya uIshtar, ababenxulumene nothando, ukuzala, isini kunye nokuzala.
Ngaphaya kweGrisi, isiqithi saseKypros, okanye iSipro, sasidume ngonqulo lwaso olungaqondakaliyo lothixokazi, kuba uAphrodite wayezukiswa apha ngezithethe nemithandazo yangasese. Wayenqulwa njengothixokazi ongumphumi-mkhosi yaye ekwanguthixokazi wamahenyukazi. Lo thixo uye wachazwa njengothixokazi ontsonkothileyo, kodwa onesisa nonothando kwabo babemhlonela, wayenokucaphuka msinya yaye ngenxa yomsindo wakhe ombi, uninzi lweentshaba zakhe lwafumana isohlwayo esiqatha.
Inkolo eCyprus
Inkolo yentsomi ka-Aphrodite, eyayixhaphakile eSipro, yayizinze kwindawo yasePaphos kwaye yaqala ngo-1.500 BC. Isithili sasePaphos sibonakalisa indawo awazalelwa kuyo uAphrodite ePetra Tou Romiou, iAphrodite Shrine ePalaepaphos, kunye neBhafu kaAphrodite kufutshane nePolis.
Kwintsomi, uAphrodite waphuma kwigwebu lolwandle waza waba liqabane likaKumkani uKinyras. Ngomona, u-Aphrodite wajika intombi yakhe enhle, uMyrrha, ibe yihlathi elimnandi, i-myrr-bearing rock rose, i-Cistus creticus, ekhula kulo lonke elaseTroodos. U-Adonis wazalelwa kwihlathi le-bramble waza waba ngumthandi ka-Aphrodite.
Ngapha koko, intsomi isekwe kumnombo kaKinyrid kwaye amasiko ka-Aphrodite kunye no-Adonis aphila kumnyhadala weentyatyambo zasentwasahlobo yasePaphoit, i-Anthistiria, kunye nomthendeleko wezikhukula ngoJuni, eKataklysmos, apho ukuntywila elwandle kwenza i-echo yemveliso yale nto. uthixo omhle wamaza.
U-Astarte wamkelwa ngamaGrike phantsi kwegama lika-Aphrodite kwaye isiqithi saseSipro sasingomnye wamaziko amakhulu okholo kulo mfanekiso, owathi kamva wamnika igama elithi Cypria njengelona gama liqhelekileyo le-Aphrodite.
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uAphrodite wazalwa ngokufuziselayo, ekuhambeni kwakhe ixesha elide elwandle ukusuka kwilizwe laseAsiriya ukuya kwilizwe lamandulo lamaGrike eSipro, indawo efanelekileyo phakathi kwemimandla emibini apho inguqulelo yakhe esuka kuAstarte/Ishtar ukuya kuthixokazi uAphrodite yenzeka kwaye yayinokwenzeka. zibekwe..
Unqulo luka-Aphrodite lunokulandelwa emva kunqulo lwaseAsiriya lukaIshtar noAstarte. Kukho ubungqina bokuba u-Ishtar no-Astarte babenqulwa ePafo ekuqaleni kweXesha le-Iron kwaye baziswa, ngokungathi kunjalo, esiqithini ngamaFenike kunye nehlelo laseYiputa likaHathor, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba wadityaniswa noAphrodite.
UIshtar wayenguthixokazi wothando nemfazwe yaye unqulo lwakhe lwalubandakanya ubuhenyu obungcwele yaye ngokuqhelekileyo lwalubulala izithandwa zakhe. UAstarte wayengomnye uthixokazi wothando nemfazwe yaye wayehlonelwa kakhulu kuwo wonke uMbindi Mpuma wamandulo. Ibonakala kwiYiputa yamandulo ngexesha le-XVIII yobukhosi, phakathi kwe-1550-1292 BC.
Ngapha koko, imbali yakudala yaseSipro ikwalibali lokutshintsha iinkolo kunye noothixo noothixokazi babalawuli abahlukeneyo kunye namakholoni esiqithi. AmaFenike azisa ezawo izithixo: oothixokazi uAstarte noAnat noothixo bakaBhahali, uEshmoun, uReshef, uMikal, uMelqart noShed.
Kwakhona bazisa amahlelo aseYiputa eBes, iPtah, iHathor neThoeris. Ngenkulungwane yesine a. C., amahlelo amaGrike asasazeke ngokubanzi kwesi siqithi yaye ngokuthe ngcembe kwabonakala oothixo noothixokazi baseSipro nebaseFenike kunye nezithixo zamaGrike.
Kodwa ngaphantsi kwayo yonke le nto kuyabonakala ukuba ngundoqo kuMamakazi oMkhulu wokuzala, nokuba waziwa njengoAphrodite, uAstarte, Wanassa (inenekazi), uHathor okanye uAthena.
Icawa eSiyon
Kumaxesha amandulo kuthiwa, emazantsi eGrisi, eSikyon kukho indawo ebiyelweyo, engcwele kuAphrodite. Into yokuqala ngaphakathi ngumfanekiso oqingqiweyo waseAntiope.
Emva kwale ndawo ingcwele ka-Aphrodite, engenwa kuphela ngumfazi othe emva kokuqeshwa kwakhe akakwazi ukulala ngesondo kunye nendoda, ephethe isikhundla sakhe esingcwele unyaka. Thetha isithixokazi ekungeneni, uthandaze ulapho.
Umfanekiso ohleli phantsi, wawuwenziwe ngegolide nophondo lwendlovu, unopapa esandleni esinye nesinye iapile, kunikezelwa kuwo iminikelo, emva koko itshiswa ngomjunipha kuze kongezelelwe igqabi lomjunipha kumbingelelo. .abahlawuli.
Esi sisityalo esikhula kwiindawo ezivulekileyo ze-enclosure kwaye ayifumaneki kwenye indawo. Zincinci kunezo ze-oki, kodwa zinkulu kunezo ze-oki, zinemilo efana neqabunga le-oki. Elinye icala limnyama ngombala, elinye limhlophe, lifana nelamagqabi amhlophe epopulari.
Unqulo eAthene
Kwakukho ingcwele ka-Ares eAthene, apho kubekwe khona imifanekiso emibini ka-Aphrodite, omnye ka-Ares nomnye ka-Athena. Kukwakho nendawo engcwele ka-Aphrodite Ourania, ama-Asiriya engamadoda okuqala ukuseka inkolo yakhe, emva koku, amaPalestina aseKypros kunye namaFenike ahlala e-Askalon ePalestine.
U-Aegeus wasungula inkolo phakathi kwama-Athene, kuba wayecinga ukuba wayengenanzala kwaye wayeza kubandezeleka ngenxa yengqumbo ka-Aphrodite Ourania, ngoko wagqiba ekubeni ahlawule kuye. Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo osagciniweyo wenziwe ngebhastile elisuka eParia kwaye ngumsebenzi wePhidias.
Elinye lamarhamente aseAthene lelo labaseAthmoneis, abathi uPorphyrion, ukumkani ongaphambi kuka-Aktaius, waseka ingcwele yabo eOurania. Kodwa izithethe phakathi kwamarhamente zidla ngokwahluka ngokupheleleyo kwezo zesixeko.
Aphrodite kwezobuGcisa
Intsomi ka-Aphrodite, uthixokazi we-Olympian wobuhle, uthando kunye nokuzala, ibe ngumxholo wemisebenzi yobugcisa ukususela kwi-XNUMXth inkulungwane ye-BC. C. kumathanga eGrisi yamandulo. Ukutyhubela iwaka leminyaka, umzobo we-Aphrodite uboniswe ngeendlela ezininzi kunye nezinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.
Kukho iinguqulelo zakhe ezinxibe ngokuyinxenye, ze ngokupheleleyo, zikama iinwele zakhe, ekhwele iinqwelo zakhe zokulwa nokudanisa nabanye oothixo, kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nebhastile, iterracotta, ilitye kunye neeseramikhi. Izigidi zemizobo, imizobo, kunye neprinting zibonisa lo thixokazi njengombandela, uninzi lwayo olubonisa ubomi bakhe.
emfanekisweni
Owona mfanekiso waziwa kakhulu nguAphrodite ngumfanekiso oqingqiweyo odumileyo wamaGrike, uVenus de Milo, nguAlexandro waseAntiyokwe, ohleli kwingqokelela yeLouvre, eParis. Elawula isibhakabhaka ngenqwelo yakhe yokulwa erhuqwa ngamahobe nolwandle, uAphrodite wayenguthixokazi wothando, ubuhle, uyolo nenzala. Wadityaniswa nothixokazi waseRoma uVenus.
Kumfanekiso oqingqiweyo wamaGrike wamandulo, isithixo saphinda saphinda saphinda sayilwa njengebhinqa elinqunu okanye elihamba ze, lineengalo ezenziwe ngomzobo ezizama ukuzigquma, ngesenzo sokuthozama.
Phakathi kweminyaka engama-364-361 BC umkroli wase-Athene uPraxiteles wakrola umfanekiso oqingqiweyo webhastile othi Aphrodite waseKnidos okanye uVenus waseCnidos owanconywa nguPliny oMdala njengowona mfanekiso mkhulu wakha wenziwa.
Yayiyeyokuqala uAphrodite ngaphandle kwengubo, eyenziwe ligcisa malunga nenkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC njengomfanekiso oqingqiweyo wesixeko saseKnidos (Cnidus). Alithandabuzeki elokuba lo msebenzi wamkelwa ngokuphikisana okuthile ngaloo mihla, kodwa isimbo sakhawuleza saba yinto eqhelekileyo.
Esinye isiqwenga esiqingqiweyo sodumo olukhulu kukuzalwa kuka-Aphrodite, yeyona nto isiqabu i Itrone kaLudovisi ekwiAltemps Palace edumileyo, eRoma.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba yenziwa phakathi kwama-460 kunye nama-470 BC kwaye sisiqwenga esimangalisayo, esenziwe kwi-bas-relief kwibhloko enkulu yebhastile elimhlophe. Sisehlo sakudala esivela kwintsomi ka-Aphrodite apho uthixokazi eboniswa ephuma elwandle. Ngoku ikwiMyuziyam yeSizwe yaseRoma.
Kwipeyinti
Kukho imizobo emininzi kunye nefrescoes kwintsomi ka-Aphrodite, njengoko yaba ngumthombo wenkuthazo kumagcisa amaninzi awazange athandabuze ukukhulula italente yawo ukuze ambonise:
IAphrodite ephuma elwandle (Apelles)
UApelles wapeyinta uthixokazi kwaye umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa ongasekhoyo wawubizwa ngokuba nguVenus Anadiomena okanye uAphrodite ophuma elwandle, waphinda wathatha uFryné njengomzekelo.
Ngokutsho kuka-Athenaeus waseNáucratis, eli bhinqa lalinomzimba omhle elalisoloko liwugqume ngengubo yangaphantsi, ngokuqhelekileyo lalingayi kwindawo yokuhlambela kawonke wonke, ngoko lalingazange libonwe linganxibanga. Noko ke, kwimithendeleko yase-Eleusinia naleyo yayisenzelwa imbeko kaPoseidon, wakhulula iimpahla zakhe waza washiya iinwele zakhe zikhululekile phambi kwabo bonke ukuba baye kuqubha elwandle.
Kwakukho abantu abaninzi ababehlanganisene ngexesha lomthendeleko obalulekileyo wenkolo, kunjalo, wagqiba ekubeni aqubhe ze kwaye umzobi odumileyo uApelles wonganyelwe ngumbono obalaseleyo kangangokuba wazoba umzobo odumileyo wehlabathi lakudala, elilahlekileyo ngoku: IAphrodite ephuma elwandle.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, xa umzobi wambona ephuma emanzini, waphenjelelwa bubuhle bakhe ukuba aphinde adale uthixokazi uAphrodite, lowo ihlabathi limchaza njengothixo wobuhle obunomtsalane.
Ukuzalwa kukaVenus (Alexandre Cabanel)
Kulo msebenzi unokubona umfanekiso we-Aphrodite, xa eqhutyelwa elunxwemeni lolwandle nge-foam yolwandle. Lo ngumsebenzi osusela kunyaka ka-1863, osekelwe kwintsomi yakudala yokuzalwa kukathixokazi, ovumela abazobi ukuba bapeyinte iinqunu baze babhekisele kwinkanuko yesini, ngaphandle kokubothusa abantu belo xesha. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo yaba yimpumelelo eParis, eyafunyanwa nguNapoleon III.
Ukuzalwa kukaVenus (uSandro Botticelli)
ILa nascita di Venere okanye ukuzalwa kukaVenus nguBotticelli yenye yezona zinto zidumileyo zokuzalwa kuka-Aphrodite. Yenziwe phakathi kwe-1482 kunye ne-1485. Esi siqwenga esihle kakhulu yigcisa le-Renaissance libonisa ukuhamba ze ngaphandle kokuzama ukuthethelela ngezizathu zonqulo, kunye nokuhamba kude nobumnyama beempawu zamaXesha Aphakathi.
Ukuzalwa kukaVenus (W. A. Bouguereau)
Lo msebenzi we-1879 ngomnye weyona mizobo ibalulekileyo yalo mzobi kwaye ikwamele ukuzalwa kukathixokazi, njengomntu omdala, ehamba ze kwaye ephuma kwigwebu lolwandle.
UAphrodite (uBriton Riviere)
Umsebenzi omhle owenziwe ngo-1902 ngumzobi owaziwayo waseNgesi, owayebonakaliswe ngokubandakanya izilwanyana kwimizobo yakhe, enenyani kakhulu kunye nobuhle obukhulu.
Isipili sikaVenus (uEdward Burne-Jones)
Le oli ekwiseyile yokupeyinta nguSir Edward Burne-Jones ngo-1877 ivuselela imisebenzi yeRenaissance, ekuthobeni kobuso be-melancholy kwiimpahla ezithambileyo, zakudala.
Ayibalisi nasiphi na isiqendu ngokukodwa, ibonisa kuphela umzobo kathixokazi kunye namaqabane akhe becamngca omnye komnye echibini, ejikelezwe yindawo epholileyo ezama ukungayisusi imizobo.
IVenus, iAdonis kunye neCupid (Annibale Carracci)
Yioli kumsebenzi we-canvas okwangoku yinxalenye yengqokelela yeMyuziyam yasePrado eMadrid. Yenziwe ngo-1590 kwaye ithathwa njengowona msebenzi ubalulekileyo walo mzobi.
IMars kunye neVenus (uSandro Botticelli)
Yenziwe ngo-1483, ngumzobo wobuhle obukhulu kunye nokwenyani, apho unokubona abathandi abakhulu abajikelezwe ngama-satyrs. Kulo mzobo, uVenus ubona iMars isozela, ngelixa ii-satyrs ezimbini ezincinci zidlala ngesikrweqe somlo kwaye omnye uhlala ezolile phantsi kwengalo yakhe.
Umboniso ubekwe kwihlathi elimnandi, ingqiqo yembono kunye ne-horizon incinci kakhulu kwaye ihlangene. Ngaphambili, ibubu loonomeva lindanda phezu kwentloko kaMars, mhlawumbi njengomqondiso wokuba uthando luhlala luhamba neentlungu.
kuncwadi lwakudala
Njengoko kulindelekile, kukho amabali amaninzi kunye neembekiselo ku-Aphrodite kuncwadi lwakudala, amanye amahle kakhulu, anjengokubizwa kuka-Aphrodite nguLucretius, ekuqaleni Kwindalo yezinto okanye elona lide kwiHomeric Hymns ezintathu ezinikezelwe kuAphrodite. Ezinye izicatshulwa kule mibhalo zinokufundwa ngezantsi:
Callimachus, Umbongo
Ezi zipho ku-Aphrodite zanikezelwa nguSimon, ukukhanya kothando: umfanekiso wakhe kunye nebhanti eyamanga amabele akhe, kunye nesibane sakhe, ewe, kunye neentambo ukuba yena, umfazi ompofu, wayefuna ukuthwala.
Plutarch, Ubomi bukaTheseus
Abafazi baseAthene ngelo xesha babebhiyozela uAdoni, umthendeleko ka-Aphrodite noAdonis, yaye kwiindawo ezininzi esixekweni kwakusenziwa imifanekiso emincinane yothixo ukuze ingcwatywe, yaye kwakusenziwa amasiko okungcwaba kufutshane nawo, ngesijwili sabafazi. ngokokude babandezeleke abo bazinyamekelayo izinto ezinjalo.
Virgil, iAeneid
UVenus emva koko, eshukunyiswa njengomama ngenxa yeentlungu ezingafanelekanga zonyana wakhe, uthatha i-dictamus kwi-Ida yaseCretan, isiqu samagqabi ashwabeneyo aphela kwintyatyambo emfusa; Iibhokhwe zasendle aziwazi lo mthi xa utolo oluphaphazelayo lugqobhoza emqolo.
I-Venus, enomfanekiso ofihliweyo kwilifu elimnyama, yazisa kunye nayo imibala yamanzi athululelwa kwisitya esikhanyayo, ephilisa ngasese, kwaye ayinkcenkceshele ngeejusi ze-ambrosia enempilo kunye ne-panacea enukayo.
Homer, Ingoma V
Ndixelele, Musa, izenzo zika-Aphrodite wegolide kakhulu, waseCypris, ovusa umnqweno omnandi kwizithixo kwaye uthambisa iintlanga zabantu abafayo, iintaka eziphaphazela esibhakabhakeni kunye nazo zonke izidalwa, zombini ezininzi ezondla umhlaba, njengokuba zingaphi iiponto ezondlayo.
Wonke umntu uyachatshazelwa zizenzo zikaCythera, othweswe isithsaba. Kukho iintliziyo ezintathu, nangona kunjalo, angenako ukucenga okanye ukukhohlisa ...
Uthabatha noZeyus ozonwabisa ngombane... Ukukhohlisa xa efuna iingqondo zabo ezikrelekrele, kummanyanisa ngokukhululeka okukhulu kubafazi abafayo, kumenza alibale ngoHera...
https://youtu.be/Cu72R5PY_9s
Lucretius, Ubume bezinto
Ndiyabulela kuwe zonke iintlobo eziphilayo zikhawulwe kwaye zivela ukuze ucamngce ukukhanya kwelanga: ngaphambi kokuba amafu abaleke, umhlaba usasaza ikhaphethi yeentyatyambo, amathafa olwandle ancuma kuwe kwaye ukukhanya okuzolileyo kusasazeka esibhakabhakeni.
Kuba kamsinya nje yakuba intwasahlobo iveze ubuso bayo, iintaka zezulu ziqale zikubulise kwaye zibhengeze ukufika kwakho; Emveni koko, amarhamncwa nemihlambi yeenkomo isiya kutyhutyha amadlelo aluhlaza yaye inqumla imilambo engxamileyo: ngaloo ndlela, xa zithe zabanjwa bubuqhophololo bakho, zonke zikulandela ngolangazelelo.
Igama lesiRoma likaAphrodite
UVenus sisithixokazi samandulo sase-Italiya esinxulunyaniswa namasimi alinywayo kunye neegadi, kamva zalinganiswa ngamaRoma kunye nothixokazi ongumGrike onomsindo, uAphrodite.
Kuyinyani ukuba ukuchongwa kukaVenus kunye noAphrodite kwenzeke kwangoko, isizathu esinegalelo mhlawumbi ibe ngumhla wokusekwa kwenye yeetempile zakhe zaseRoma, ohambelana neVinalia Rustica, umthendeleko weJupiter ngo-Agasti 19.
Ngoko ke, yena noVenus bazalana njengoyise nentombi yaye babenxulunyaniswa nezithixo zamaGrike uZeyus noAphrodite. Wayeyintombi kaDione, umfazi kaVulcan, kwaye wayengumama kaCupid.
Kwiintsomi kunye namabali awahlukeneyo wayedume ngamayelenqe akhe othando kunye nokuhamba kwakhe kunye noothixo kunye nabantu abafayo, wayenxulunyaniswa neenkalo ezininzi zobufazi, ezilungileyo kwaye azilungile kangako.
NjengoVenus Verticordia, wahlawuliswa ngokukhusela ubunyulu kwabasetyhini kunye namantombazana. Kodwa oyena nobangela ubalulekileyo wokuchongwa yayikukwamkelwa eRoma kwehlelo elidumileyo likaVenus Erycina, oko kukuthi, ka-Aphrodite ka-Eryx (Erice) eSicily, olu nqulo ngokwalo luyisiphumo sokuchongwa kukathixokazi ongumama waseMpuma. uthixo wamaGrike.
Olu kwamkelwa lwenzeka ngexesha nangemva nje kweMfazwe yesiBini yePunic, itempile kaVenus Erycina enikezelwe kwiCapitol ngo-215 BC. C. nesesibini ngaphandle kwesango laseColline ngowe-181 B.C. c.
Le yokugqibela yayakhiwe ngokufana okuthile netempile ka-Eryx, yaba yindawo yokunqula yamaRoma, kungoko igama elithi uyafa meretricum ("umhla wamahenyukazi") edityaniswe no-Aprili 23, umhla wokusekwa kwayo.
Ukubaluleka konqulo lukaVenus-Aphrodite kwandiswa ngamabhongo ezopolitiko e-Iulia, inzala kaJulius Caesar kwaye, ngokwamkelwa kuka-Augustus. Owathi uphuma kumnombo kaIulus, unyana ka-Eneya owayetyholwa ngokuba ngumseki wetempile kaEryx nakwezinye iintsomi, kwanesixeko saseRoma.
Ukususela kwixesha likaHomere ukuya phambili, wenziwa unyana ka-Aphrodite, ukuze inzala yakhe yavelisa imvelaphi yobuThixo kuIulii. Abanye ngaphandle kwe-Iulii bazama ukunxulumana nothixo owathi wathandwa kakhulu kwaye wabaluleke kakhulu, ngakumbi uGnaeus Pompey i-triumvir, owanikezela itempile kuVenus njengoVictrix (uMzisi woloyiso) ngowama-55 BC. c.
Itempile kaJulius Caesar (46 BC), nangona kunjalo, yamiswa ngokukhethekileyo kuVenus Genetrix (uMama ozalayo), owayesaziwa de kwasekufeni kukaNero ngowama-68 BC Phezu kwayo nje ukuphela komgca weJulio-Claudian, yahlala ithandwa, kwanaphakathi kwabalawuli. umzekelo uHadrian wagqiba itempile kaVenus eRoma ngo-135 BC
Njengothixo womthonyama waseItali, uVenus wayengenazo iintsomi eziyezakhe, ngoko ezo zika-Aphrodite zinxulunyaniswa naye, yaye ngaye, wafunyaniswa noothixokazi abahlukahlukeneyo basemzini.
Esona siphumo siphawuleka kakhulu solu phuhliso mhlawumbi iplanethi iVenus yafumana elo gama. Esi sijikelezi-langa ekuqaleni sasiyinkwenkwezi yesithixokazi saseBhabhiloni uIshtar yaye ukusuka apho saba nguAphrodite okanye uVenus.
Ngenxa yonxulumano lwakhe nothando kunye nobuhle bobufazi, isithixokazi uVenus ube ngumthombo wenkuthazo kumazwi obugcisa ukusukela kula maxesha amandulo. Eyona misebenzi iphawulekayo enothixo njengeziko labo yile: Venus de Milo (150 BC) kunye nomzobo kaSandro Botticelli, onesihloko esithi The Birth of Venus (1485).
Fumana eyona ntsomi inomdla ka-Aphrodite
Intsomi ka-Aphrodite ijikelezwe bubuhle, uthando, inkanuko kunye nomsindo ombi, kwanaxa besithi unguthixokazi ochaphazelekayo, uninzi lwamabali akhe luphawulwa yimbonakaliso yobuntu bakhe obuguquguqukayo. Masikhe sazi ezinye ezinomdla kakhulu:
umtshato Aphrodite
Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo yentsomi kaAphrodite, ngenxa yobuhle bakhe obumangalisayo, uZeus uqala ukuba nexhala malunga nokusabela kwabanye oothixo. Ithuba lokuba baya kuba ngabakhuphisi abanobundlobongela ukuze bamfumane kwakufihlakele kwaye ngokuchanekileyo ukunqanda oku, unyanzela uAphrodite ngelishwa ukuba atshate noHephaestus, uthixo onamandla kunye nohlekisayo, kodwa onetalente yobuchwephesha.
Kwenye inguqulelo yebali, uHera uphonsa uHephaestus ngaphandle kwe-Olympus, ecinga ukuba akamnandi, eyoyikisayo kwaye ekhubazekile ukuba ahlale kwikhaya loothixo, nangona engunyana wakhe.
UHephaestus sele ekhulile, unquma ukuziphindezela kumama wakhe. Yenza itrone yomlingo emangalisayo kwaye uyithumele njengesipho kwisithixokazi. Ngokukhawuleza xa ehleli phezu kwayo, uHera wayevalelwe, engakwazi ukuzikhulula.
UHephaestus ubizwa e-Olympus ukuba akhulule uHera kwaye ufuna, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuba anikwe isandla sika-Aphrodite emtshatweni ngokutshintshiselana. UZeyus unika isicelo kwaye uthixo, ovuyiswayo ukutshata nothixokazi wobuhle, wenza ubucwebe bakhe obuhle kunye nexabiso elixabisekileyo, kubandakanya ibhanti okanye i-corset egxininise isifuba kwaye imenza angakwazi ukuxhathisa amadoda.
Ukungonwabi kwakhe ngalo mtshato kungafunekiyo kubangela ukuba uAphrodite afune enye iqabane lamadoda, ngokuqhelekileyo uAres, kodwa uAdonis noPoseidon.
Umyeni ka-Aphrodite, uHephaestus, unguthixo othobekileyo nothuleyo ongumGrike, kodwa akusiyo isitayile esibhenela kuAphrodite oguquguqukayo, okhetha uAres, uthixo omncinci nowomeleleyo wemfazwe, kuba utsaleleka kubundlongondlongo bakhe, ubuncinci. yinto echazwa nguHomer ngandlela thile kwiOdyssey.
Kodwa akukho adventure enye eyaziwayo kuthixo ngexesha lomtshato wabo. Wayengumthandi weTrojan Anchises kunye nomama wonyana wakhe u-Aeneas, we-Adonis omhle, wasePoseidon, phakathi kwabanye.
Intsomi kaAphrodite noAdonis
Umama ka-Adonis wayeyiMirrha entle okanye iSmirna kunye noyise, uKumkani uCinyrus waseSipro, owayekwanguyise kaMyrrha. Ewe, uyise nentombi badibana baza bamitha unyana! Noko ke, oku kwakungeyonjongo.
Le meko ingaqhelekanga yenzeka ngenxa yokuba uthixokazi uAphrodite waba nomona ngobuhle bukaMyrrha waza wabangela ukuba le ntwazana ithelele uyise.
Xa ukumkani wakuqonda oko wayekwenzile, wamsukela uMira ngekrele, enenjongo yokumbulala yena nomntwana wakhe ongekazalwa.
Ngeli xesha uAphrodite wahamba kakhulu kwaye wazisola ngesenzo sakhe, ngokukhawuleza wajika intombazana ibe ngumthi wemore ukuze usindise ubomi bakhe.
Umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa, owafumana igama lika-Adonis, wabeka esifubeni, awathi wanikela umyalelo kuPersephone, ukumkanikazi we-underworld. Xa i-Persephone ivula i-odolo yayithabathekile bubuhle bomntwana, ngoko ekuhambeni kwexesha xa uAphrodite wayibangayo, akazange avume ukuyibuyisela.
Nangona uthixokazi wothando wehla waya kwelabafileyo ukuze ahlangule usana luka-Adonis kumandla abafileyo, akazange avunyelwe ukuba amthabathe. Ingongoma yokugqibela kwimpikiswano phakathi koothixokazi ababini yabekwa nguZeyus, owamisela ummiselo wokuba uAdonis ufanele ahlale nePersephone kumhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba kangangenxalenye yonyaka kunye noAphrodite okwihlabathi eliphezulu.
Ukhuphiswano phakathi kwe-Aphrodite kunye ne-Persephone yokuba ne-Adonis ibonisa ngokucacileyo umzabalazo phakathi kothando nokufa, umxholo oqhelekileyo kwiintsomi zamaGrike, njengoko sibona kwintsomi yePersephone neHadesi. Isigqibo sikaZeyus sokuba uAdonis uza kuchitha inxalenye yonyaka phantsi komhlaba kunye nenxalenye phezu komhlaba yintsomi nje yamaGrike malunga nengcamango yokunyamalala konyaka kunye nokuvela kwakhona, okubhekiselele entwasahlobo nasebusika.
Kwezinye iinguqulelo zentsomi ka-Aphrodite no-Adonis, xa uAres, uthixo wemfazwe kunye nesithandwa sika-Aphrodite, esiva ukuba uAphrodite uyamthanda uAdonis oselula, uba nomona ngokwenene aze agqibe kwelokuba aziphindezele. Kwamanye amabali, uAdonis akazange afune ukubuyela kwi-underworld kwaye i-Persephone inquma ukuziphindezela.
Inyaniso kukuba ibali libonisa ukuba u-Aphrodite wayemsukela uAdonis, ethandana naye, kodwa umfana omhle wayenomdla kakhulu ekuzingeleni. Uthixokazi wothando wamcenga uAdonis ukuba awuyeke lo mdlalo uyingozi nangona wayewunandipha, kuba wayengenakukunyamezela ukuphulukana naye.
Kodwa u-Adonis onesibindi akazange alinanze icebiso lakhe kwaye wabulawa yinkunzi yehagu enomsindo ngelixa ezingela, kuthiwa isilwanyana ngokwenene sasinguThixo uAres kunye nezinye iinguqulelo, ukuba wayengumthunywa wePersephone. Xa uAdonis wahlaselwa, uAphrodite wakuva ukukhala kwakhe waza wagijima waya ecaleni kwakhe kwinqwelo yakhe yokulwa. Wabona inkwenkwe eyabulawa yaza yaqalekisa iFates kunye neAres eyayiyalele ukufa kwayo.
Ekubeni uAdonis esafile ezingalweni zakhe, uAphrodite wajika amathontsi egazi awawa emanxebeni akhe emhlabeni abe ziintyatyambo zomoya njengomnikelo kuthando lwakhe. Iintyatyambo zantshula egazini lika-Adonis, nomoya wakhe wabuyela kwelabafileyo.
iapile legolide
Ngomsitho womtshato kaPeleus noThetis, uZeyus walungiselela itheko, wonke umntu wafumana isimemo ngaphandle kukaEris, uthixokazi weyantlukwano.
Oku ngendlela efanayo waya kwisidlo kwaye ngenjongo yehla i-apula yegolide, ibonise umbhalo kweyona intle. Ewe yayiliqhinga lokudala ukungavisisani kwaye oko kwenzeka ngokuqinisekileyo, izithixo ezintathu zafuna iapile.
Ngeli xesha yayingoothixokazi abathathu, uHera, uAthena noAphrodite. Kodwa ekubeni bonke babezifunela bona, babefuna umntu oza kwenza isigqibo sokuba laliza kuba lelabani na eli apile. Aba thixokazi bathathu banomsindo bafuna ukwazi ukuba ngowuphi oyena mhle kubo. Emva koko, bacela uncedo kuParis, unyana kaKumkani uPriam waseTroy, nguye owayeza kuphelisa ingxabano.
UParis wakhetha uAphrodite njengoyena unqwenelekayo. Ngamnye oothixokazi wathembisa into eParis ukuba wamkhetha njengowona umhle kakhulu, kwimeko ka-Aphrodite, wenza isithembiso kwinkosana yeTrojan ukwenza umfazi wakhe abe ngoyena mfazi uhle kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngokuqinisekileyo oku kwamnika ithuba lokukhuphisana nabanye oothixokazi, nto leyo eyamenza waba nguloyiso.
Umvuzo ka-Aphrodite yayiyi-apile yegolide, uphawu lobuhle bakhe, kwaye iParis yayinguHelen. Ewe. uHelen owaphela ebangela iMfazwe yeTrojan.
Aphrodite kunye neAnchises
Kwakukho ixesha apho uAphrodite wayenqwenela umfana omhle waseTroy, igama lakhe nguAnchises. Efuna ukumrhwebesha nangayiphi na indleko, uAphrodite wagqiba ekubeni aziguqule abe ngumfazi ofayo, ngoko wagqiba ekubeni afikelele kwilizwe lakowabo, ePafo, eSipro, apho ooGrace bamhlambayo baze bamqhole.
Emva koko wanxiba kakuhle waza waguquka waba yinkosazana eselula yaseFrigiya, kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiTurkey. Ngovuyo, waya kwiNtaba ye-Ida ukuze adibane noAnchises, owayesalusa iinkomo zakhe apho.
Uthixokazi waguquka waba ngumntu ofayo wema phambi kwakhe wathi: Anchises, ubawo ufuna ndikutshate ngenxa yokuba unesidima. Ndisuka kude nje ngenxa yakho kwaye ndiyakwazi ukuthetha ulwimi lwakho kuba ndikhuliswe nguTrojan.
Ezaliswe luthando kunye nothando, engazi ngokwenene into ayenzayo, le ndoda yalala noAphrodite, ixesha elide bekunye kwaye unkulunkulukazi wazala oonyana ababini, uAeneas ukhokho wamaRoma noLyros.
Kodwa emva kwexesha elide, u-Aphrodite wagqiba ekubeni abuyisele iimpahla zakhe zasebukhosini kwaye abonise ubuni bakhe bokwenene. Ethe chu, wasondela ebhedini ka-Anchises wabuza: Khawutsho, ndijongeka njengala mini wawuqala ukundibona ngayo?
UAnchises woyika xa wafumanisa ukuba nguthixokazi lowo waza wamcenga ukuba asindise ubomi bakhe. Akuyomfuneko ukuba uloyike, logama nje uthembisa ukuba akuyi kuxelela nabani na ukuba ulele nothixokazi, uAphrodite wamxelela.
Noko ke, kungekudala, uAnchises wanxila waza waqalisa ukuqhayisa kubahlobo bakhe esithi uthixokazi uAphrodite wayemthanda. Xa uZeyus, ukumkani wezithixo, wafumanisa ngokukhukhumala kwakhe, wacaphuka kakhulu. Evutha ngumsindo, wayijula ngombane le ndoda, ayizange imbulale, kodwa yamvala amehlo.
UAphrodite, uHephaestus kunye noAres
UHephaestus okanye njengoko amaRoma ayembiza, uVulcan, wayengumkhandi wezithixo kunye noyena mkhulu weengcibi. Lo thixo wayetshate noAphrodite, isithixo sothando nobuhle, umtshato owalungiselelwa nguZeus, ngokuchasene nentando yesithixokazi.
Yayingengomtshato olungileyo, kuba uAphrodite wayengumfazi ongathembekanga kwasekuqaleni. Wayenothando olude kunye no-Ares, unkulunkulu wemfazwe kunye neengxabano, ubudlelwane apho u-Eros, unkulunkulu wothando, wazalwa khona.
UAres wayenguthixo omkhulu we-Olympian wemfazwe, ukuthanda imfazwe, kunye nesibindi sobudoda. Kumzobo wamaGrike wayeboniswa njengegorha eliqolileyo elinentshebe elinxibe izixhobo zedabi okanye njengolutsha olungenandevu luphethe isigcina-ntloko nomkhonto. Inyaniso yeyokuba wayesisisulu sokuthandwa ngulo thixokazi wangabom nonenzondelelo.
UHelio, uThixo weLanga, owayenokubona izinto ezininzi emini, ngelixa eqhuba inqwelo yakhe yelanga esibhakabhakeni, nguye owafumanisa ukuba uthando oluyimfihlo. Ngolunye lwezo ntsuku xa u-Aphrodite ethatha umthandi embhedeni wakhe, ngoxa uHephaestus engekho, uHelius wayenokuqonda ngokulula uAres.
Ngoko ke, waxelela yonke into uHephaestus, owathotywa kwaye ezele ngumsindo wagqiba ekubeni aphindezele kubathandi. Esebenzisa bonke ubukrelekrele bakhe kunye nobuchule bakhe bobugcisa, wenza umnatha omhle, ongaqhawukiyo waza wabambisa abo bathandana babini ngoxa babelele ebhedini.
UHephaestus wabuyela kwigumbi lakhe lokulala kunye nenkitha yabanye oothixo ukuze abone isibini esihlazekileyo, idinga elingazange lihambe ngoothixokazi ababehlala eOlympus ngenxa yehlazo, kwavela amadoda aseOlympian kuphela.
UPoseidon wazama ukweyisela uHephaestus ukuba akhulule isibini esikrexezayo. Ekuqaleni, uHephaestus wala isicelo, kuba wayefuna ukuziphindezela, kodwa ekugqibeleni wamkhulula umfazi wakhe kunye nesithandwa sakhe. UAres wabalekela eThrace ngoko nangoko, ngoxa uAphrodite waya ePafo kwisiqithi saseSipro.
Ngokutsho kwembongi yaseRoma uOvid, uAphrodite waqinisekisa ukuba uyamohlwaya umhambi, uthixo welanga uHelius. Wayethanda i-nymph egama linguClytie. UAphrodite wamenza wathandana nenye intombazana eselula, uLeucothoe, intombi kaOrkamus ukumkani wasePersi.
UClytie waba nomona ngotshaba lwakhe, ngoko ke wasasaza amarhe okuba uhendwe sisithandwa esifayo. Uyise kaLeucothoe oselula, ecaphukile, wamngcwaba ephila. Ngaloo ndlela, ekugqibeleni, uHelius owayebuhlungu wamshiya uClytie waza wabhabha esibhakabhakeni, eqhuba inqwelo yakhe yokulwa kangangeentsuku ezisithoba.
Inkolelo ka-Aphrodite malunga nokukrexeza kwakhe ibonakala iphelile ngokuqhawula umtshato nomkhandi wezithixo, uHephaestus. Ngexesha leMfazwe yeTrojan, uHomer uchaza uthixokazi njengeqabane lika-Ares kwaye ubiza umtshakazi kaHephaestus njengoAglaia. Kwelinye icala, abanye ababhali bamandulo bakuchaza ngokucace ngakumbi ukupheliswa komtshato. Homer, Odyssey 8. 267 kunye nokulandelayo:
Cethe gqolo entliziyweni, yena (uHephaestus) wasondela endlwini yakhe waza wema evarandeni waza wabona umfazi wakhe uAphrodite ebanjwe kukuwolwa nguAres; waphathwa ngumsindo omkhulu, yaye wagquma kabuhlungu, edanduluka kubo bonke oothixo esithi: “Yiza, Bawo uZeyus; yiza, bonke abasikelelekayo abangenakonakala kunye naye; yibone into eyenzekileyo apha.
Uya kuzibona izibini ezithandanayo, zilele esililini sam; ukubabona kuyandicekisa. Nangona kunjalo, ndiyawuthandabuza umnqweno wabo wokuphumla apho kwakhona, njengoko benothando.
Kungekudala baya kulahla ukuma kwabo apho; kodwa imixokelelwane yam yobuqhophololo iya kubophelela bobabini ade uyise uZeyus azibuyisele kum zonke izipho zokuganana endamnika zona ngenxa yentombi yakhe eqaqadekileyo; unobuhle, kodwa awunazintloni.
Kweminye imibhalo, uHomer ubonakala ecebisa ukuba esi sibini siqhawule umtshato emva kwesi siqendu, kuba kwi-Iliad, Aglaia, oyena mncinane kunye nomhle kakhulu kwiiGrace ezintathu, ngumfazi kaHephaestus kunye no-Aphrodite ngokukhululekileyo bajoyina uAres.
Aphrodite, Psyche kunye ne-Eros
Le ntsomi ye-Aphrodite imalunga ne-Psyche kunye nendodana yakhe u-Eros. I-Psyche yayiyenye yeenkosazana ezintathu kubukumkani bamaGrike baseAnatolia. Bonke oodade abathathu babebahle, kodwa i-Psyche yayiyeyona nto imangalisayo. U-Aphrodite, unkulunkulukazi wothando kunye nobuhle, weva ngoodade abahle kwaye wayenomona ngayo yonke ingqalelo abantu abayinikela kuye, ngakumbi i-Psyche.
Ngoko wabiza unyana wakhe, uEros, waza wamxelela ukuba ayithakathe le ntombazana. Esoloko ethobela, wabhabha emhlabeni ephethe iingqayi ezimbini ezineengqayi.
U-Eros ongabonakaliyo wagalela i-psyche eleleyo nge-potion eyayiza kwenza amadoda amphephe xa kuziwa emtshatweni. Kodwa ngempazamo, wamgqobhoza ngolunye lweentolo zakhe, ezo zinento yokwenza nokwenza umntu athandane ngoko nangoko, wavuka sele eqalisile.
Ubuhle bakhe buye bamchukumisa uEros kangangokuba naye wazihlaba ngempazamo. Eziva kakubi ngale nto ayenzileyo, wafefa ibhinqa eliselula ngolunye umxube, nto leyo eyayiza kuzisa ulonwabo ebomini bayo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, i-Psyche, nangona intle, ayizange ikwazi ukufumana umyeni. Abazali bakhe, besaba ukuba ngandlela-thile bakhubekise oothixo, bacela i-oracle ukuba ibonakalise umyeni we-Psyche ozayo. I-oracle yathi nangona kungekho ndoda iya kumamkela, kodwa kwakukho isidalwa esiphezu kwentaba esiya kutshata naye. Ukuzinikela kwizinto ezingenakuphepheka, i-Psyche yaya entabeni.
Wathi akubona, wafunqulwa ngumoya opholileyo owamqhubela apho wayesiya khona. Umoya wamshiya kwikhaya lakhe elitsha, ibhotwe elihle nelityebileyo, apho umyeni wakhe omtsha, ongazange amvumele ukuba ambone, wabonakala engumthandi othobekileyo. Kakade ke, loo myeni ukhethekileyo yayinguEros ngokwakhe.
Emva kwexesha elithile, waziva elilolo kude kangako nentsapho yakhe waza wacela ukuba atyelelwe ngoodadewabo. Aba xa bebona indlela entle ngayo indlu entsha kaPsyche, babenomona.
Basondela kuye baza bamxelela ukuba akasayi kulibala ukuba umyeni wakhe wayesisilo esithile yaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo wayemtyebisa ukuze amtye. Bacebisa ukuba afihle isibane nemela kufutshane nebhedi yakhe, ukuze xa ephinda emtyelela, abone enoba wayesisilo kusini na aze amnqumle intloko ukuba ulilo kusini na.
Oodade wabo bameyisela kwelokuba le yeyona nto ibhetele, ngoko xa umyeni wakhe ephinda emtyelela ebusuku, wayeba nesibane nemela.
Ngobo busuku, xa uEros wafikayo, waphakamisa isibane, wabona ukuba indoda yakhe yayingelorhamncwa, kodwa inguthixo! Wothuka, wabaleka waya efestileni waza wabhabha, wazama ukumlandela, kodwa wawa phantsi wangabikho zingqondweni.
Xa i-Psyche ivukile, ibhotwe laliphelile kwaye lifumene kwintsimi kufuphi nekhaya lakhe elidala, waya ethempelini lika-Aphrodite waza wathandazela uncedo lwakhe. Uthixokazi, owayengamkhathalelanga, wasabela ngokumnika uthotho lwemisebenzi awayefanele ayenze, imisebenzi uAphrodite awayekholelwa ukuba le ntombazana ayinakuyenza. Eyokuqala yayihluza kwimfumba enkulu yeenkozo ezixutyiweyo, isahlula ngokohlobo. I-Psyche yajonga imfumba kwaye yaphelelwa lithemba, kodwa u-Eros walungiselela ngasese ukuba umkhosi weentuthwane uhlukanise iimfumba.
U-Aphrodite, owabuya ngentsasa elandelayo, watyhola uPsyche ngokuba noncedo, njengoko wayenalo, kwaye wayalela umsebenzi olandelayo, owawukukufumana isiqwenga soboya begolide kwigusha nganye yomhlambi owawuhlala kufuphi. yomlambo okufutshane.
Uthixo womlambo wacebisa u-Psyche ukuba alinde de izimvu zifune umthunzi ukusuka emini yelanga, ngoko ziya kulala kwaye zingamhlasele. Xa i-Psyche yanikela uboya ku-Aphrodite, unkulunkulukazi waphinda wammangalela ngokuba wayenoncedo.
Umsebenzi wesithathu owamiselwa ngu-Aphrodite kwi-Psyche yayikukufumana ikomityi yamanzi kuMlambo i-Styx, apho ihla khona ukusuka kwindawo ephakamileyo engakholelekiyo. I-Psyche yayicinga ukuba iphelile, kwaze kwaba yilapho ukhozi lumnceda ngokuthwala indebe entabeni kwaye uyibuyisele egcwele.
Inkolelo ye-Aphrodite ixelela ukuba unkulunkulukazi wayenomsindo, eyazi kakuhle ukuba i-Psyche ayinakuze yenze le nto yodwa! Ukunganeliseki kwakhe yayikukuba aphathise omnye umsebenzi olandelayo, owawungenakukwazi ukuwufeza.
Umsebenzi olandelayo we-Psyche wawukuya esihogweni ukubuza i-Persephone, umfazi waseHadesi, kwibhokisi yokwenza imilingo. Ecinga ukuba ugwetyiwe, wagqiba kwelokuba aziphelise zonke ngokutsiba eliweni, kodwa ilizwi lamxelela ukuba angenzi laza lamnika imiyalelo yendlela yokuya esihogweni ukuze athabathe ibhokisi.
Kodwa, ilizwi lalumkisa, ungajongi ibhokisi phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imeko! Emva koko i-Psyche ilandela imiyalelo yafikelela kwi-underworld kwaye yafumana ibhokisi kwi-Persephone, ibuyela ekhaya ngokukhuselekileyo.
Kodwa, ngokwenyani kwindalo yakhe, akazange akwazi ukuzibamba efuna ukwazi waza wagqiba kwelokuba ajonge ngaphakathi. Okwamothusayo kukuba, kwakungekho nto ngaphakathi ngaphandle kobumnyama, nto leyo eyamenza wabiwa bubuthongo obunzulu.
U-Eros akazange akwazi ukuzibamba kwaye wamvusa, wamxelela ukuba athathe ibhokisi ku-Aphrodite kwaye uya kubanyamekela. Uthixo waya emazulwini waza wacela uZeus ukuba angenelele, emxelela ngokuthanda kwakhe iPsyche ngokugqithiseleyo kangangokuba unkulunkulu woothixo washukunyiselwa ukuba enze umnqweno wakhe.
Unyana ka-Aphrodite wazisa u-Psyche kuZeus, owamnika ngesisa indebe ye-ambrosia, isiselo sokungafi, emva koko wabajoyina emtshatweni ongunaphakade. Esi sibini sasinentombi, eyayiza kubizwa ngokuba luLonwabo.
IAphrodite kunye neWeasel: Ibali le-Aesop
Kudala incanca yathandana nenkwenkwe enomtsalane, kodwa njengoko kwakulindelekile, inkwenkwe ayizange iyithathele ngqalelo imvakalelo yemvubu yaye inqunqa yadana kakhulu. Ibuhlungu kwaye idanile, i-weasel yaguqukela ku-Aphrodite, isithixo sothando, yamcela ukuba aguqulwe abe ngumfazi.
U-Aphrodite, uthixokazi wothando kunye novelwano, wayenovelwano nge-weasel kwaye ngokukhawuleza wamguqula waba yintombi enhle, eya kukhangela umfana. Ithe inkwenkwe yakubona igwebu eliguqukileyo, yayithanda yaza yamgodusa. Njengoko esi sibini sasimi apho kwigumbi lomtshakazi, uAphrodite wayenomdla wokubona ukuba i-weasel nayo yayitshintshile isimilo sakhe ukongeza kwinkangeleko yakhe. Wangena echwechwa wakhulula impuku phakathi kwegumbi.
Kuthe kusenjalo yasuka inkalakatha yamshiya lo mfana yaze yamangala, yaqalisa ukuleqa impuku. Ekubona oku, lo thixokazi waphoxeka kakhulu, ngoko wagqiba kwelokuba ayibuyisele ingca kwimo yayo yendalo.
Ukuba ufumene eli nqaku liluncedo, qiniseka ukujonga amanye amakhonkco anokuba nomdla kuwe: